What to plant in a flower bed in the shade: a selection of plants for planting in a shady area of \u200b\u200bthe site. Viola cultivation: planting, care and reproduction Pansies healing properties

First you need to decide on the "quality of the shadow", because it can be very different.

Stable, for example, along the northern wall of the house, where the direct sun never looks.
Partial shade, for example, near an east-facing wall, where there is sun in the morning, and a steady shade in the late afternoon.
Scattered, for example, under the crowns of trees or shrubs.

It should be noted right away that there are not so many profusely flowering shade crops that give bright flowers all summer, or at least they cannot be found in the lists of familiar summers. Most truly shade-tolerant plants have graceful, delicate, and fast-fading flowers. And most of them are perennials that rarely produce flowers all summer - it makes sense to think about several crops that will succeed each other.

Therefore, we will consider all cultures for shade that will provide bright decorative effect, not necessarily due to colors, but, for example, beautiful leaves, throughout the warm season, and also consider the timing of flowering of all possible crops for different types shadows.

The most spectacular and long-blooming crops that can tolerate partial shade

The following are flowers that bloom really brightly, for partial shade, partial or diffuse shade:

– many showy hybrid varieties for abundant flowering require good lighting, but in nature this plant grows on the edges of forests, that is, in partial shading, so it is quite possible to create a flower bed of daylilies in the shade, if you choose the right varieties - it is especially beautiful in partial shading (in the morning - the sun, in the afternoon - light shade) varieties of dark shades look (red-black, purple-black, purple), they fade in the sun and quickly wither. According to the timing of flowering different groups, flowering time - about a month, but can be combined different varieties and get a long-blooming flower bed.
- for abundant flowering, good lighting is desirable for him in the morning and shadow since noon. blooms from the beginning of June to the end of July, after proper trimming re-blooms towards the end of August.
— blooms all summer, feels great in partial shade, flowers like foxglove, only brighter and larger, a rather rare plant, although undeservedly.
Pansies- This charming summer plant grows both in the sun and in partial shade. In the sun the flowers are larger and brighter, but in partial shade the flowering will be longer. The timing of flowering can be varied at your discretion (by sowing seeds in a different period).
Balsam- the plant does not tolerate direct sunlight, it needs only diffused light. blooms July to frost.
ever blooming begonia- requires bright, but diffused light, can burn out in direct sun, blooms all the time, grown in seedlings in open ground as an annual.
Fragrant tobacco-blooms from June until frost. Likes well-lit places, but light partial shade is acceptable.
astilba- blooms in June-July, about a month, loves a sparse soft shadow. Panicle flowers are very spectacular, there are many varieties. The appearance of the plant is elegant, feminine, bright.
Astrantia- the flowering period depends on the variety, but this is one of the longest-playing plants, some varieties bloom from June to the end of September, feels good in the sun, in partial shade, and even in full shade (only in heavily shaded places, flowering will not be so bright), grows well under trees.
mimulus- in direct sun it can burn, the best place is well lit, but with partial shading. It blooms with original flowers resembling orchids, in two waves - in spring and autumn.

Astilbe and hosta ‘Sun Power’

Medicinal, spicy, aromatic herbs feel good in partial shade:

peppermint,
radiola pink,
tarragon,
borago,
perennial bows,
Melissa officinalis.

Penumbra or scattered shade is well tolerated specific peonies: Maryin root, Caucasian, Wittmann - bloom from the beginning of May to the end of June, since August, the bushes adorn quite spectacular fruits. Many herbs and cereals also grow well in partial shade (, cortaderia, gray fescue).

Of the bulbs, they tolerate a lack of lighting well:

Daffodils.
Kandyk.
Merender.
Grouse.
Whiteflower.
Scylla (scilla).
Korolkovia.
Iridodictums.
Pushkin.
Muscari.
Crocuses.
Hyacinthoides.

Tulips, primroses, pansies.

Plants that love light but can thrive in partial shade

That is, these plants can produce abundant flowering in a flower bed, for example, on the western or eastern side of the house, where the light only gets part of the day. If they are planted on such a site, then they should be treated as capricious and provide very good other conditions (proper soil, watering, top dressing). All these plants bloom brightly and for a long time:

Snapdragon.
Ageratum.
Levkoy.
Balsam.
Lobelia.
Poppy self-seed.
Petunia.
Pansies.
Sweet pea.
Kobe.
Carnation grenadine.
Daisies.
Heliotrope.
The bell is medium and large-flowered.

The bell is medium.

Flowering plants for deep shade

These are plants for the shade, where the direct sun never hits. They will thrive in the shade of buildings, even with north side, under the dense crown of trees, near the fence:

Aquilegia (catchment) – blooms in June-July. Flowering time can be extended by picking off wilted flowers, preventing them from setting seed pods.
. Almost all species grow well in partial shade, climbing aconite feels great in the shade. Flowering time varies 20 to 60 days depending on the type. Extremely poisonous!
Brunner- blooms spring, at good care May re-bloom in autumn.
Cyanosis.
Fragrant violet.
Bathing suit.
Primrose common.
Chistous.
Forget-me-nots.
Digitalis.
Anemone.
Black cohosh.
May lily of the valley.
Violet fragrant.
Tiarka hearty.
Kupena.
Elecampane is excellent.
Spring umbilical.
Lungwort.
Fragrant woodruff.
Turkish carnation.
Cuff.
Cornflower mountain.
Dicentra.
Doronicum orientalis.
Gentian.
Garden geranium.
Avens.
Hellebore.
Siberian irises.

Ferns (shield, ostrich) look great in the shade, although they do not bloom.

Variegated lily of the valley and astilba.

shade under the trees

Some tree species create a light openwork shade, but at the same time they dry the soil a lot, and this factor must be taken into account, because most shade-tolerant crops prefer moisture. Grows well in shade and dryness.

bought broadleaf,
periwinkle,
Goryanka,
forest anemone.
spring primrose,
badan,
comfrey,
garden geranium red-brown or Balkan.
cereals.

Under a pine tree where sandy or sandy loam soil:

lilies of the valley,
periwinkle,
survivors
violets.

Trees and shrubs for shady areas

Shade-tolerant trees and shrubs may be required for compositions:

korean fir,
elderberry black,

Creepers for shade

The most popular for shady areas:

round-leaved tree pliers - universal, grows both in good light, and in the shade, and in partial shade. However, in dense shade it does not bear fruit;
actinidia kolomikta - beautiful decorative leaves of motley changeable color;
ivy - grows well even with strong shading.

It is worth noting that most vines, being plants dependent on support, which in nature is usually a tall, shade-producing tree, are used to a lack of lighting.

This applies even to such a spectacular culture as. Many large-flowered hybrids like coolness, not higher than 25 degrees, and light or shade is secondary for them and shade may even be preferable - if it gives coolness.

Wintergreen (with red berries), skimmia, hellebores and ivy.

decorative leafy

Spectacular macro-sized for shade with expressive foliage:

- blooms for a month from mid-July to mid-August. Has exotic leaves, decorative all season and especially beautiful in autumn.
- blooms for about a month, in August. Powerful, juicy, sculptural plant.
- flowering depends on the variety, some varieties are characterized by incredibly persistent flowering - up to 2 months. Textured appearance, fleshy round leaves. Ideal Conditions for culture - penumbra.
- blooms for about a month in the middle of summer with spectacular panicles. Openwork foliage. The plant is graceful, refined, elegant, lush.
– landing recommendations vary greatly. In any case, varieties with dark leaf color feel great with strong shading, lighter ones need light partial shade. The appearance of the plant is exotic, bright, vibrating.
- classic shaded areas. Decorative throughout the growing season. It goes well with any other plants, has a lot of shapes and colors that are good both in single plantings and in compositions.
Chistets Byzantine- loves good lighting, but also grows well in partial shade. Attracts attention with pubescent, woolly leaves of a bluish-gray hue.

Ground covers:

Pachysandra- frost-resistant shrub up to 25-35 cm high. Flowering is inexpressive, but is valued for dense decorative foliage that does not change its appearance throughout the year.
Gaulteria- an evergreen ground cover shrub 10-15 cm high, blooms with elegant white flowers in June-August, then the plant is decorated with spectacular bright edible fruits that last until late spring. Feels great under trees.
White-rimmed gout- beautiful white-green foliage, the plant is very unpretentious.
Mother of thousands- the leaves are similar to ivy leaves, beautiful "lipped" flowers appear on the plant from June until frost.
European hoof- has juicy fleshy large and thick leaves in the form of a hoof, creates a dense coating.
Yasnotka- very beautiful silvery leaves, bright spongy flowers. He likes good lighting, but sparse, the best places are those where the western or eastern sun falls.

Hosta, Geranium, Lavender.

Container garden in the shade

Shade-tolerant plants that do not overwinter in the open field in the middle lane, but you can plant them in pots and create a container bed. If desired, they can be dug in so that the pot is not visible. If there is an opportunity to mess around with digging for the winter, you can land them for the summer in open ground, although this is rare for the middle band. All of the plants listed below are decorative all summer and do not tolerate direct sunlight. The best place for them - penumbra, or east windows:

Skimmia- semi-shrub, leathery glossy foliage, bright inflorescences all year round.
Coleus- does not like direct scorching rays of the sun. Highly decorative all summer.
begonias- both tuberous and ever-flowering plants need bright diffused light, but not the scorching sun.
Caladiums- in the West they are actively grown in open ground, in the middle zone only in pot culture. The leaves are extremely beautiful.
Fuchsia- needs no introduction. Charming in standard form. Blooms from spring to late autumn, feels good in partial shade.
Torenia- blooms all summer. Requires good lighting, but does not like direct midday sun.

Composition example

To create a flower bed in the shade that blooms all summer, you can competently “mix” plants with different, albeit short, flowering periods.

For example, a composition for a very wet penumbra:

Kaluzhnitsa - low bushes, 30-40 cm, blooms in early spring, from the end of April to May, within 2-3 weeks. There are terry varieties.
Lungwort.
Forget-me-not.
Astilbe.
Hosts.
garden geranium. Best Views for shade: Himalayan, swamp, meadow.

In the photo Terry marigold - Caltha palustris ‘Flore Pleno’

Unpretentious shade-loving perennials

In the video below, a selection of the most energy-efficient shade-loving flowers: these are perennials - which means you don’t need to plant them every year, they are generally unpretentious - which means they won’t require “dancing with tambourines”.

Pansies - beautifully flowering, cultivated plants. In another way, they are called tricolor violets or violas. These lovely plants known to everyone since childhood. They occupy one of the main places in the world of floriculture lovers.

They have a variety of varieties (up to 400) and color shades. Bloom profusely from spring until frost. Many gardeners make sure to set aside a plot in the garden for these beautiful flowers.

Why is it called Pansies

The true origin of the flower's name is not known. There are only legends and myths. One of these legends tells that there was once a girl named Anyuta. One day she met young man and loved him very much. After some time, the young man decided to leave, but swore an oath that he would return to his chosen one.

Anyuta many times went out onto the road along which her lover had left. She peered into the distance, hoping to see him. She waited for a long time, but the young man never returned. Gradually fading away from loneliness and longing, Anyuta died.

After the burial, flowers grew on her grave, resembling eyes that tirelessly looked somewhere into the distance. So the popular name pansies appeared.

Pansies varieties photos and names

- the variety has pure white flowers with wavy edges. The size of the opened bud varies from six to eight centimeters. The total height of the shrub reaches thirty-five centimeters.

- This variety has white flowers with yellow patches. The size of the opened buds reaches seven centimeters. The length of the pedicel varies from eight to twelve centimeters.

- The flowers of this variety are painted in blue and purple. Petals have even edges and a smooth surface. The size of the flowers varies from six to seven centimeters in diameter. The length of the shoot is about eleven centimeters.

- the flowers of this variety have a cherry and red tint with brown patches. Petals are smooth with ribbed edges. The flowers are eight centimeters in diameter.

- From the name of the variety it is clear that the flowers have a golden hue. The size of the opened buds reaches seven centimeters in diameter. The length of the shoot does not exceed ten centimeters.

Varieties with large flowers

- flowers of this variety are brown and red. The lower petals have brown spots. The size of the flowers varies from five to six centimeters.

- the flowers have a bluish tint. The size of the opened buds is not more than five centimeters in diameter. The total height of the shrub reaches thirty centimeters.

- the flowers of this variety at the base have a purple and violet hue, and closer to the edges they acquire a white tone. The lower petals are completely white. The size of the opened buds reaches five centimeters. The length of the shoot is small, about seven centimeters.

- flowers are bright yellowish with purple patches. All petals have ribbed edges. The length of the stems reaches nine centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is five centimeters.

- this variety has flowers that appear with a dark purple color, but after two days turn black. The petals have a velvety surface and smooth edges. Flowers grow up to five centimeters in diameter. The length of the shoots is ten centimeters.

- the flowers of this variety appear with a blue color, but after two days the petals begin to lighten, acquiring a light bluish tint. The size of the flowers reaches a diameter of five centimeters. The length of the shoots is about nine centimeters.

- the flowers of this plant are White color with long, purple patches. There are varieties with petals that have white, yellow, purple and green hues. The height of the bush reaches twenty centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is five centimeters.

Varieties with small flowers

- flowers with a dark red hue with a black base. The lower petals are yellow. The flowers are four centimeters in diameter. The total height of the shrub is twenty centimeters.

- the variety was named after a girl from folk tale who had a red hat. Likewise, the flowers of the plant have a light or dark shade of red along the edges, and a black color in the center of the petals. The size of the flowers is small, only three centimeters.

- flowers with velvet petals of a pure white tone. The size of the flowers can reach four centimeters in diameter.

- this variety has delicate petals with blue and light blue tint. The flowers grow up to four centimeters in diameter.

Pansies growing from seeds

To please yourself with flowers in the first year, you need to know how to properly plant this plant. It all starts with sowing seeds at the end of February. To do this, use any plastic boxes filled with slightly acidic soil.

Seeds should be planted at a depth of 5 mm. Then put the boxes in a dark and warm place. After five days, the seedlings will germinate. Having noticed the first shoots, transfer the seedlings to a bright place where the temperature does not exceed + 17 ° C. Monitor the moderate soil moisture, feed the seedlings with a soluble fertilizer containing potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.

When the seedlings germinate well and two leaves appear on each stalk, proceed to planting in cassettes. After transplanting, place the boxes in a cool place where no more than + 13 ° C. During this period, continue to monitor soil moisture and fertilize.

Violet is a very beautiful flower that can be grown at home, the main thing is to follow the rules of care and you will not have problems with it. You can find all the necessary recommendations in this article.

Viola soil

For tricolor violets, it is necessary to choose a nutrient soil. In poor soils, such as sandy or clay, flowers do not grow well, becoming nondescript dwarfs.

To improve infertile soil, you need to mix it with fertilizer. For one square meter add 5 kg of vegetable compost or last year's manure.

Pansies planting

Violet tricolor is not whimsical when grown outdoors. The only thing she needs is a large place and warmth. Choose an open, sunny site for planting. When you start planting seedlings, keep the distance between seedlings (15-20 cm). Plants will take root in 3-4 days.

Important! Plant seedlings in open ground two months after diving. The number of leaves in a seedling should be at least 4 pieces.

Watering the viola

You need to water the flowers three times a week, and if the weather turned out to be hot, then every day. Try not to flood the seedlings, but maintain moderate soil moisture. Pour water under the very root.

Important! Do not allow water to stagnate in the soil, this can cause the flowers to rot. Loosen the soil after watering.

Fertilizer for tricolor violet

The first dressing of flowers should be done two weeks after transplanting into open ground. As a fertilizer, any complexes of minerals (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) are suitable. The next feeding should be done during the appearance of buds and before flowering.

Important! Do not fertilize this plant with fresh manure.

pansies pruning

Violets reproduce quickly, throwing seeds into the soil. If you do not want the flowers to grow strongly in one place, then you need to remove the seed boxes in time. Flowers should be cut at a distance of five centimeters from the ground.

In three weeks, you will have new inflorescences. Circumcision is also done if the bushes begin to turn yellow and dry out, and the flowers fade and decrease. In two weeks, the shrub will give new shoots.

Important! Leave two leaves on each stem in the cutting area.

Pansies flowering period

Violets give abundant flowering from May until frost, that is, 4-5 months a year. Such a long flowering is due to the constant change of flowers, which occurs imperceptibly.

Old flowers fall off after 3-4 days, and new ones appear in their places. If you want flowers to start appearing in early spring, then sow the seeds outdoors in the second half of summer.

tricolor violet in winter

Violets tricolor easily survive the cold season. But they need help preparing for the winter.

Prune the bushes after a hard frost. Then cover the plants with dry leaves. Remove the leaves in early spring to keep the flowers from rotting.

Pansies growing from seeds when to plant

This is the main breeding method for violets. Seeds can be purchased at a flower shop or collected independently from bushes that have faded. They are planted in boxes for seedlings or immediately in open ground.

The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings may be different. To get early flowering specimens, you can sow in January and February. But for this you will have to provide seedlings with additional lighting. The first flower buds will appear in late spring and early summer.

Sowing seeds in open ground is carried out in early summer and autumn. In the first case, the plants will show abundant flowering in August and September. And in the second case, sowing will ensure flowering in early spring. next year.

Pansies propagation by cuttings

For example, large-flowered varieties eventually degenerate and begin to produce small flowers. The cutting method can save and propagate such a rare specimen.

To do this, cut off a small shoot with two leaves from the plant and plant it in a cup with soil. Such a stalk will sprout roots without additional stimulants.

Important! Use soil from the area where you plan to plant flowers. This will help the plant to immediately adapt to the characteristics of your soil.

Propagation of tricolor violets by dividing the bush

This method is used to propagate perennial varieties. Violets should not grow in one place for more than four years. They are born and disappear.

To prevent this, a large shrub is divided into small parts. Divide the plant in early spring before flowering begins.

Diseases and pests

powdery mildew - This is a fungal disease that manifests itself on the leaves and stems in the form of a white coating. If the plant has small spots, you need to treat the surface of the leaves with fungicides, such as Pure Flower or Topaz. With a stronger spread of the fungus, the plant must be pulled out of the garden so as not to infect other flowers.

Gray rot is a disease of fungal origin. It manifests itself in the form of a grayish mold that covers the affected areas of leaves and stems. To stop the spread of infection, you need to remove the leaves. Sprinkle remaining affected areas wood ash or chalk. If the fungus has spread strongly over the flower, it is necessary to spray it with a fungicidal preparation (fundozol, pure flower, rayek, soon).

Bacterial spotting - the cause of this disease is phytopathogenic bacteria. It appears as brown or black spots that affect the leaves. To stop the spread of the disease, you need to pull out the affected plant, and spray neighboring shrubs with a mildly toxic fungicide, such as copper oxychloride.

Pansies medicinal properties

Violet tricolor - unique treatment plant, which contains many useful substances: vitamin "C", carotenoids, rutin, salicylic acid, trace elements, etc. Thanks to its chemicals, the plant helps to cope with coughs, bronchitis, gastric and intestinal diseases, bladder infections, neuroses and insomnia.

In the use of viola there are contraindications. Do not use the plant for inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) and kidney disease (glomerulonephritis). Frequent use of a decoction of violet tricolor can cause irritation of the stomach.

Decoction of the flu : pour one glass into the container hot water. Add one tablespoon of dried, ground herbs. Put the container on the fire and boil for 15 minutes. Wait until the broth cools down and strain. Take one teaspoon three times daily after meals.

Cough syrup : Add five tablespoons of dried, chopped herbs to a container. Pour five cups of boiling water. Leave the solution for twelve hours and then strain. Add five tablespoons of sugar and bring to a boil. Boil the composition until the syrup thickens. Five minutes before the end of cooking, add lemon juice. Use syrup with hot tea - one tablespoon of syrup per cup of tea.

Childhood memories - grandmother's flower garden, in which she loved to play and its brightest flowers, pansies, planting and caring for which were always entrusted to me, because they are within the power of a child. After, of course, many new varieties appeared, but I always planted the very ones, my grandmother's favorite, with yellow-brown leaves.

Viola, or as these violets are also called, Pansies, she is also a tricolor, always decorates many front gardens with multi-colored spots. Easy to care for, but beautiful and not picky, she is one of the many permanent pets in my garden.

Pansies planting at home

Planting seeds of pansies in open ground, we described above. Seedlings of pansies are planted in a flower bed at a distance of 20-30 cm. This distance is enough for the full growth and development of plants.

Violets grow well on soil, which consists of soddy land, manure, peat and sand in a proportion where the sand will be half as much as the other components.

pansies very unpretentious plant However, it also needs to be taken care of. It is necessary to systematically loosen the soil, remove wilted flowers, fertilize the plant mineral fertilizers and water frequently.

But for starters, it is important to choose the right place for the plant on the site. Viola can die under the bright scorching rays of the sun, but in the shade its flowers will be small and faded, so choose a place with diffused light.

Leaving the viola in the garden for the winter, do not forget to cover the plant with spruce branches, and open it in the spring to avoid dampening.

The same rules for plant care will apply if you decide to grow a viola on your balcony at home. If you have a southern balcony, then in order to avoid fading flowers in the bright sun, try to slightly shade the place where the container with pansies will be located.

Choosing a place for pansies

In nature, violas live in the subtropical and tropical regions of South Africa, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, so a warm, sunny place should be chosen in the garden for pansies. The best soil for culture is turfy land filled with humus, peat and sand in a ratio of 2:2:2:1. When choosing a seat, avoid swampy lowlands, since the sweet prude does not tolerate stagnant moisture at the roots.

The soil on the site is dug up and leveled with a garden rake. Seeds are sown in grooves to a depth of 1–1.5 cm, sprinkled with soil and watered.

Seedlings with seeds should be prepared since March. Seeds are sown in containers with good drainage. Before placing the seeds in the soil, it must be watered with potassium permanganate diluted in it, and allowed to stand for a day. After planting, soak the seeds in the soil, cover with glass or a plastic bag and hide in a warm place without light.

After the first shoots appear, they are transferred to the windowsill and the film or glass is removed so that they do not die. After a while, each sprout is transplanted into different containers. In April, seedlings should be taken out to the balcony more often so that each bush of the future viola hardens and becomes more hardy. And in May, you can transplant them into open ground on garden plot. With this method of growing, the plant will begin to delight with bright flowers a month after planting.

Preparing the soil for planting pansies

Viola grows well in loose, well-drained, organic-rich soils. The distance between seedlings should be within 15 - 20 cm for compact and 25 - 30 cm for other varieties. When placed in containers and hanging baskets for pansies, any ready-made garden soil with a small pinch of a long-acting complex fertilizer will do. When planting seedlings, make sure that the top level of the earthen coma of each plant coincides with the ground level at the planting site.

Sowing seeds of pansies

Sowing of seeds is carried out in early March in small containers with a drainage hole. The land for seedlings is shed with potassium permanganate per day.

Seeds are laid out, moistened from a sprayer, covered with glass, or boxes with seedlings are placed in plastic bag and put in a warm, dark place. When the sprouts appear, transfer to the windowsill, make sure not to steam under the film or glass.

Then we act in the same way as with sprouts in the open field - we dive and then transplant into separate cups. At the end of April, you need to harden off - take the seedlings out into the street or balcony. Seedlings are planted in open ground depending on the weather in April - early May, and in a month the viola will delight you with abundant flowering.

pansies care

Viola at home develops best on open sunny balconies. Worse - for glazed balconies and loggias. Some flower growers manage to grow violas even on windowsills, but in this case it is necessary that the window be constantly open. The presence of a large amount of light and fresh air is a mandatory component for growing any garden plant.

Keep a distance of 10-15 cm between the violas, otherwise strong specimens will oppress the weak ones and force them out of the composition

Seedlings of violas are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, while at least 1-2 liters of soil must be allocated for each specimen of the plant.

When growing violas in closed ground, you need to monitor the regularity of watering. On hot summer days, watering should be done 2 times a day - in the morning and in the evening.

The first dressing is applied 2 weeks after transplanting into the ground. Further, it is necessary to fertilize the violas at home every week. Any mineral is suitable for fertilizer complex fertilizers for bloomers.

During hot days, a viola in a pot can lose its decorative look. Most often, the stems turn yellow and dry, the bush falls apart, flowering becomes less abundant, the flowers fade and decrease in size. Then the viol must be cut. Usually it is shortened by half the length of the stems. But if the bush has already lost any decorative value, pruning can be done dramatically, leaving 5-6 cm from the branches (there must be leaves on them!). Already after 2-2.5 weeks, the viol bush will overgrow with young shoots and bloom.

Caring for pansies during the flowering period

After transplantation, flower care consists of periodic loosening of the soil, systemic moistening and the fight against harmful insects, if necessary.

Pansies will actively develop and bloom if they are periodically fed. To feed these flowers, complex mineral fertilizers are used. It is strictly forbidden to fertilize these flowers with organic components. During the period of abundant flowering, in summer, on the bushes, it is necessary to remove faded buds in a timely manner in order to allow new ones to bloom. In addition, this procedure will prevent the fruiting of plants, after which, pansies stop blooming.

To grow them successfully, planting seedlings at home is done in nutrient soil. On poor and sandy soil, plants will become smaller, losing their decorative effect. You can improve the composition of such soil with the help of vegetable compost. Five kilograms of the substance are added per 1 m2. Pansies are very fond of the sun, so they can only be grown in a well-lit place. Under this condition, the plants will bloom for a long time and profusely. In a shady place, due to lack of light, the bushes become pale, and the flowers on them become small. After the end of the flowering period, spring varieties are dug up, and summer species are planted in their place.

To obtain seeds at home, healthy and compact spring bushes are selected. They are planted on a seed bed and watered periodically. Since pansies are cross-pollinating plants, a certain space must be observed when planting different varieties. This allows you to get seeds with all the signs of the mother bush.

After the seed box turns yellow, the seeds are collected. It is very important not to be late here, because after ripening the box cracks, and the seeds fall into the ground.

Feeding pansies

Top dressing for pansies must be applied regularly, namely, they should be carried out at least twice a season. The main top dressing is carried out when the plant is gaining buds, with fertilizers such as nitrophoska and Agricolka. Subsequent top dressing is done during the rapid flowering of the plant, using a fertilizer called "Agrikolka-7".

To feed pansies, you need mineral fertilizers with potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and other trace elements included in their composition. After planting, seedlings need to be fertilized with superphosphate, saltpeter. It is forbidden to introduce fresh manure into the soil where pansies live.

From the moment the temperature drops, the volume of top dressing is reduced and, preparing the plant for wintering, cover the flower bed with sawdust, peat or other insulation.

Reproduction of pansies

The vegetative method of propagating hybrid varieties with green cuttings directly into open ground is very simple, and also makes it possible to leave pure grade and in just one summer to get more planting material. Take cuttings should be in 2-3 doses from May to July. You should choose all-end shoots that are still green and have 2-3 nodes each. Especially for this, you should choose a shaded, slightly damp place, best under the trees, and make low beds there. They need to be compacted tightly and watered well.

Cuttings should be planted to a depth of 0.5 cm, all cuttings should be planted tightly in relation to each other, so that their leaves are in contact. In total, up to 400 pieces can be planted per 1 square meter. After the planting of the cuttings is completed, they must be sprayed with water.

To speed up the rooting process and prevent the cuttings from withering, in the first days after planting they should be covered with paper well moistened with water. General care for cuttings consists of regular watering, spraying and weeding. At proper care almost 100% rooting of cuttings will come in 3-4 weeks after planting.

If the cuttings were made in May or June, their flowering will come in the summer or autumn of the same year, if the cuttings were later, flowering will begin next year in the spring. After the cuttings have taken root, in the fall they can be transplanted to a garden bed or flower garden, where they will grow further. If the cuttings were in the month of August, it is better to leave the plants for the winter in the same place until next year, covering them with a leaf for the winter. And in the spring of next year, these cuttings can be transplanted into a flower garden.

These beautifully flowering early cultivated plants occupy the first places in floriculture. Vitroka violet, pansies, tricolor violet and viola - these are the names of these plants. Gardeners and summer residents revere this flower-decorative culture. Pansies is the popular name for Vitroka's violet. The color of the violet is very diverse: black and white, blue and red, with red, blue, yellow hues. The center of the flower may have a spot of the original color and shape.

Pansies are shade-tolerant and winter-hardy crops. Violas planted in the shade bloom longer, but the abundance of flowering is not the same as in the sun. Their flowers are not so bright and smaller. Viola prefers moist and fertile loams. Pansies of lowlands with stagnant meltwater do not like them; planted in such a place, they rot and die. Viola should be planted on air- and moisture-permeable soil, with a mechanical structure.

Viola - a two-year culture

Most often, pansies are grown as a biennial crop, the seeds are sown in June - July in open ground. Shoots should be expected in 1-2 weeks; in August, the grown seedlings are transplanted to permanent place. The flowering of such plants will come in the spring of next year, the splendor and duration of flowering is much higher than that of pansies grown in seedlings.

Summer plantings of viola for the winter need to be insulated with spruce branches, fallen leaves or straw, this will prevent the root system from freezing in severe frosts.

Top dressing in the spring is made before the appearance of buds and at the beginning of flowering. Manure cannot be used to feed the viola. Instead of organic matter, you need to use mineral fertilizers: superphosphate, ammonium nitrate. 20 g of these fertilizers are embedded in the ground at 1 square meter.

Growing seedlings of viola

This is the only way to grow pansies where there are harsh winters, where large-flowered varietal violas do not have a chance to survive in the open field. How indoor plant Vitroka violet is not grown, as it is demanding on light. She won't get enough light fluorescent lamps, and the use of mercury lamps requires electricity, and this is not economically feasible.

For additional illumination of seedlings, fluorescent lamps are suitable, and phytolamps are better. In order for the viola to bloom in the year of planting, it must be sown from December to February. Illumination should be carried out per day for 14-16 hours. Even additional lighting does not prevent seedlings from stretching, but the treatment of seedlings with Alar growth regulator limits their growth. One or two treatments are enough.

For friendly germination of viola seeds, a temperature of 18-20 0 C is needed. Seeds germinate at this temperature for 5-14 days. For emerging seedlings, it is necessary to provide a temperature of 12-15 0 C.

The substrate for sowing viola seeds should have a pH of 5.5-5.8. It is not recommended to add fertilizers to the substrate, when 2 true leaves develop, then top dressing begins.

Sowing viola seeds is carried out on the surface of moist soil, followed by powdering with vermiculite. Until the plants sprout, containers with crops must be kept covered with a film.

Growing healthy and strong viola seedlings is accompanied important condition- Ensuring good drainage.

At the age of five weeks, viola seedlings are ready to dive into pots, their diameter should be about 10 cm. Vitroki violets are best grown in unheated greenhouses.

Planting seedlings of pansies in flower beds is carried out after the return of frosts, while it is necessary to shade the seedlings for the first time from the rays of the sun.

Viola vegetative propagation

This method of propagation of Vitroki violets is cuttings. This is an efficient, economical and easy way to propagate the viola. Cuttings begin in May: green shoots with 2-3 nodes are cut from the tops of the bushes and planted in the shade to a depth of 0.5 cm close to each other. Then plantings are watered and sprayed with water. For the development of roots in cuttings of violets, it will take up to 3-4 weeks. Early cuttings of viols allows you to grow plants that will bloom in summer - autumn. Viola grown from cuttings from cuttings in late summer will produce flowers the following spring.

Carrying out cuttings of pansies, we not only get an additional planting material, and rejuvenate plants. Thanks to this, viola bushes do not grow much and bloom well. One developed viola bush is enough to get up to 10 cuttings at one time, 30-40 cuttings can be obtained during the summer.

Transplanting

April - May are the months of planting viola seedlings in open ground. We have already written that these plants can grow in the shade, but sunny places are preferable for them. If you want to collect seeds, then it is better to plant different varieties separately from each other.

Viola Care

Watering on dry days should be daily, every two to three weeks you should feed the viola with mineral fertilizers, and you also need to weed the weeds. For the winter, it is necessary to cover violet plants with spruce branches, sawdust or straw.

Pansies can suffer from diseases: powdery mildew, spotting, gray rot. In case of damage to plants, they should be removed, and so that they do not get sick, you need to spray them with a solution laundry soap and soda ash, or you can sprinkle with ground sulfur.

From everything written, it is clear that the cultivation of viola is not simple process, but how can it scare, because viols bring good mood all summer. Good luck to you!

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What to plant in a flower bed in the shade: a selection of plants for planting in a shady area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. Viola cultivation: planting, care and reproduction Pansies healing properties