Over the years, even the once fertile soil is noticeably depleted. This should not be allowed, otherwise you will have to forget about the rich harvests. Gardeners prefer to fertilize the soil with organic matter. Among them, a special place is given to peat - a natural source of nutrients.

Is it possible to use

On the garden plots often use "clean" peat, free from any additives. It is dumped by whole machines, and then evenly distributed over the arable land. It is not right.

Lowland peat consists of 50% humus. However, this is not enough to get a good harvest. Other fertilizers will have to be used. Even nitrogen, which is found in abundance in peat, is difficult for plants to absorb.

Note. For 1000 kg of peat, there are 25 kg of nitrogen, of which plants are able to consume a maximum of 1.5 kg.

For achievement good effect peat is mixed with turf or other useful components. For 1 sq. m. a couple of buckets of this composition are enough. Carry out such feeding annually.

The benefits of peat:

Peat harm:

• In combination with low-quality fertilizers, it slows down the growth of plants, contributes to their death.
• In its pure form, it increases the acidity of the soil, which negatively affects the growth of horticultural crops.
• Contraindicated for loose fertile soil.
• With large volumes of peat, you can bring one of the most dangerous garden pests, the bear, to the site.

Types and properties of peat

Lowland:

• It is formed in swamps from particles of wood, moss, reeds and reeds. Mostly black.
• It is characterized by an abundance of mineral substances and rapid decomposition in the complete absence of oxygen (the degree of decomposition is above 40%).
• Average pH - 5. Apply on clay or sandy soils.
• Rich in humic acid. It perfectly absorbs water (humidity reaches 70%), which is why it often rolls, cakes, and silts.

Before use, low-lying peat needs long-term ventilation.

It is this species, due to maximum neutrality, that is preferable for use in vegetable gardens. It is not additionally composted - it is brought in immediately. per sq. m. enough 30 liters.

Lowland peat is often used in the spring for mulching lawn surfaces. Previously, the lawn is subjected to combing, nitrogenous fertilizers are applied. Sprinkle a five-millimeter layer of peat on top.

Horse

• In its composition rosemary, moss, other plants that are not whimsical to water and food.
• It has a porous structure, and therefore retains water well.
• The degree of decomposition is 20%.
• The fibrous structure allows you to retain mineral compounds for a long time.
• Able to provide the soil with good thermal insulation.
• Does not shrink on the ground.
• Its average pH is 2.7.

High-moor peat is used to fertilize fruit and berry crops and flowers.

Due to the strong acidity, it requires preliminary composting - organic matter must decompose completely.

On the basis of high-moor peat, substrates are made for sowing vegetables, flowers, and herbs. In greenhouses, it is often used as the main material, having previously been aired, supplied with dolomite flour and minerals.

transitional

• It is a mixture of the previous types.
• Consists of sedge, wild rosemary, several types of moss.
• Used for composting.
• The degree of decomposition is within 40%.

Peat based compost

Experienced gardeners do not scatter tons of this valuable natural raw material on their site. They make excellent compost based on it.

Several interesting options are known:

Peat-fecal

Wet organic raw materials are poured onto the ground in small piles for ventilation (the optimum humidity for this type of compost is 70%). Next, this material is laid in a layer of 50 cm in a pre-prepared place. Small indentations are made inside where the feces of pets are placed. Sprinkle a small layer of peat on top. The sidewalls, if necessary, are reinforced with earth. If the compost starts to dry out, water it. It will be possible to use such fertilizer in a year. The optimal application time is spring. Consumption - up to 3 kg per 1 sq. m.

Peat-dung

The principle is approximately the same: first a peat layer is laid (no more than 0.5 m), then a layer of manure (any one will do: cow, goat, horse, chicken), peat again on top. The maximum bookmark height is 150 cm. When dry, this compost is watered with water, slurry, herbal infusions or potassium solution.

Attention! This type of compost needs to be mixed every 2 months.

Peat-dung with sawdust

A layer of raw materials is laid, on it - sawdust (up to 10 cm high), then - weeds, plant waste, tops (20 cm layer). Completes bookmark again peat. Heap height - up to 150 cm.

This compost will be ready for use in 1.5-2 years. Like the previous species, it needs periodic mixing, watering with water, slurry and superphosphate. It is best to use it in the spring. Dosage - 1.5 kg per 1 sq. m.

Any compost should be kept out of direct sunlight. It is better to make a canopy. In autumn, gardeners cover it with fallen leaves.

Peat compost is brought in like ordinary manure: it is spread over the site or brought into each hole directly during planting.

Application as a fertilizer

Most crops respond well to the application of peat fertilizer: rapid flowering, an abundance of fruits. Top dressing is usually carried out in the spring. Potatoes, tomatoes, blueberries, strawberries, and flowers are especially fond of peat.

For potatoes

It is this culture that assimilates useful material from peat is better than the rest. The soil should be loose, slightly acidic. If you mix peat compost with mineral fertilizers, more fertile soil will simply not be found.

Light soil is fertilized in the spring - they put the peat mass immediately into the holes. Heavy - in the fall, simultaneously with the introduction of manure.

In the spring, peat compost is laid along with sprouted potato tubers immediately into the holes. So all the nutrients get to the growing roots. This is very important point for those who want to receive in the fall good harvest.

For strawberries

The use of peat has a beneficial effect on the fruiting of strawberries: it blooms profusely, ripens faster, and gives a bountiful harvest.

Pure peat is suitable only for mulching beds. But there is a caveat here too: many gardeners are sure that this cannot be done because of the high acidity of organic raw materials. You can correct the situation by pre-ventilating and mixing it with sawdust and ash (5 kg of ash is taken for 50 kg of peat).

To feed the culture itself, it is better to use a composted composition. There are 2 ways to make it under strawberries:

• When planting directly in the hole (peat layer in this case should not exceed 5 cm).
• In autumn, when preparing strawberry beds for winter, peat compost is scattered between rows and dug up (25 kg is enough for 1 sq. M.).

For tomato

About once every 2 weeks, tomatoes are fed with a peat mixture. This contributes to the formation of a friendly ovary on the bushes, uniform ripening of fruits and obtaining a rich harvest.

Some gardeners enhance this effect by planting such a mixture in the wells when sowing seedlings.

For cabbage

It is known that the queen of vegetable beds is quite capricious. Cabbage feels best in a low-acid environment.

If the acidity of organic raw materials is reduced by the method of preliminary composting, it can be safely used for this crop. The effect will be visible immediately: the ovaries will appear quickly enough, the cabbage will be more resistant to pests, and the keel will not develop on the rhizome.

Peat compost is brought directly into the hole (in terms of volume - about a handful) before planting the grown shoots.

For cucumbers

Cucumbers, like cabbage, do not like the high acidity of peat. Therefore, organic raw materials are first composted, and then laid out on the beds. It is difficult to come up with the best feeding for cucumbers: they develop well, bloom and bear fruit well. The approximate dosage of such a fertilizer is 20 kg per 1 sq. m.

For flowers

Peat is fed not only garden flowers, but also home ones. It is also used for mulching.

The material has the greatest value in combination with other organic and mineral fertilizers and sand.

In very porous soil, flowers are easier to transplant if they are fertilized with a peat mixture. This is especially noticeable in the case of capricious peonies, which do not tolerate any interference in their development.

The peat mixture helps to grow profusely flowering plants, with strong green shoots.

Ash from peat briquettes

Peat ash is used as a lime and partially phosphorus fertilizer on highly acidic soils. Usually this is done at the rate of 2 kg per 1 sq. m.

​Related Articles​

We select components for the soil

To increase the resistance of seeds to a decrease in temperature, they can be hardened. To do this, the washed seeds are laid out on gauze, filtered paper or scalded sawdust. They should lie down for a day at a temperature of 20 ° C. Then they are placed in the refrigerator or covered with snow. Some of the seeds die after such treatment, but the rest will be more resistant to short-term temperature drops.

Required: 200 g cucumbers, 20 g smoked pork belly, 25 g onions, 50 g broth, 125 g milk sauce, 2 egg whites, 20 g cheese.

• Cucumber root rot. Scheme for sowing seeds of cucumbers.
• Good seedlings of cucumbers should have a thick stem and a dark green color.​Next required condition- the composition of the soil for seedlings should contain a moderate amount of nutrients and pass water well during irrigation. For crops that are severely ill with a black leg, soddy soil, peat and sand (3: 1) are included in the ground for seedlings. Peat must be aged for at least a year, during which it is shoveled and limed. And the turf land should be at least two years old and well decomposed. Sand is better to use large, river. If this is not the case, then any, but washed and sifted to clean water and dried. The earth and peat are also preliminarily sifted through sieves with 1 x 1 cm cells, and then mixed in the required proportion by adding sand.
• Prepared, pecked or processed seeds must be planted in individual containers, as the cucumber does not tolerate root damage during transplantation. Such seedlings take root for a long time, get sick and may die. Even a plant that has taken root will be much less productive than one grown in a cup and planted with a whole clod of earth. Treated seeds are prepared for planting, they are often recommended to be sown directly in open ground, as they are covered with a thin layer of antifungal and antimicrobial drugs. Granular seeds, in addition to protective ones, are also covered with a layer of nutrients that give a positive start to young fragile plants.
• After the disinfection process, seed material can be placed in the earth nutrient mixture. Prepared soil for seedlings in accordance with all the rules will guarantee a high and stable harvest in your summer cottage. Have a good season! Preparing the soil for seedlings begins with the process of mixing the earth. To do this, spread the polyethylene on the ground and pour out each component in the required proportions.

We mix the components

A guarantee of a good harvest of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant from its suburban area will be properly grown seedlings. Therefore, first of all, you need to take care of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The soil mixture for seedlings must meet certain characteristics. It should have good porosity, looseness and not too acidic. Such indicators can be achieved provided that the soil for seedlings is properly prepared.

The soil mixture for planting cucumbers can be taken ready-made. Experienced gardeners usually do it themselves. There are several compositions of planting mixtures. Here are some of the simplest examples:

Peeled fresh cucumbers need to be cut into pieces and seeds removed. Sliced ​​\u200b\u200bonion, along with pieces of smoked brisket, must be lightly fried in a deep frying pan. Chopped cucumbers should also be added here, add meat broth. Then cover the pan with a lid and simmer until the cucumbers soften. When they become soft, you need to add half the norm of milk sauce, salt and pepper. Next, you need to beat the egg whites into a thick foam, grate the cheese and add all this to the remaining milk sauce. Then pour the cucumbers with the prepared sauce and bake in the oven until golden brown.

In the first days after planting, watering is not necessary so as not to cool the greenhouse. In the future, as the soil dries out, the seedlings should be watered with warm water heated to 25-30 ° C. The temperature in the greenhouse should be at the level of 25-27°C during the day, 16-18°C at night. On sunny days, to increase the humidity of the air, it is necessary to saturate the greenhouse with water vapor. To do this, before lunch, you need to water the plants (about 3 liters per frame), and then quickly close the greenhouse with frames. In order to prevent overheating of the leaves, it is necessary to carry out ventilation 1-2 hours after the poultice, that is, raise the frames. Such poultice irrigation must be carried out every day (from 8 to 12 days). During this time, the growth of cucumbers will increase, and they will bloom faster.

The best time for planting plants in open ground is the 1st week of June. Planting should be in the afternoon, that is, in the 2nd half of the day. But if the weather worsens in the evening (for example, the temperature dropped sharply or the north wind blew), the landing should be postponed for a day, or with the help of newspapers, paper and other improvised means, arrange reliable protection already planted plants.

• The technology for growing cucumbers includes soil preparation, compliance with temperature regime, watering and fertilizing.
• Many plants require a light seed mix that uses leafy soil. This earth is the humus of fallen leaves. Rake them in your summer cottage or in the forest, put them in a pile, water them regularly in the summer, cover them with a black film to speed up overheating. The leaves rot for at least two or even three years.

It is necessary to plant cucumber seedlings 2 seeds per planting container to ensure the right number of plants. After the seeds have sprung and the cotyledon leaves unfold, the weaker plant must be removed, otherwise both cucumber seedlings will be weakened due to competition for water, light and nutrients. It is impossible to pull out or pull out the plant - it can pull the still weak roots of the remaining seedling along with it and damage them. The easiest way is to carefully pinch or cut it off at ground level, the rest will gradually decompose without harm to the second plant. Now the seedling will be spacious and get a lot of nutrients.

• Calibrated seeds need moisture and warmth to germinate. If these two conditions are not provided, even seeds that have already hatched may die. Most often they are wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in a place with a high temperature (about 30 degrees). Seeds that have formed a small root must be immediately planted in the ground.

Cucumbers are a popular gourd crop, annual herbaceous plant, successfully grown in open field, and in protected greenhouses. Cucumbers have been successfully grown by mankind for more than 6 thousand years, they come from the foothills of the Himalayas and are even mentioned in the Bible. Despite its ancient origin, the cucumber is still part of numerous national cuisines and is successfully used to prepare many delicious and healthy dishes.​

• Experienced vegetable growers advise making the composition of the soil for seedlings for different cultures separately, as each vegetable has its own individual needs and preferences.​

A typical mistake novice gardeners make is to sow seeds in ordinary soil taken from their garden. Therefore, many fail in growing seedlings of vegetables at home and prefer to buy plants ready for planting. The secret to getting good seedlings is to properly prepare the soil for seedlings. Therefore, we will prepare it ourselves, especially since there is nothing complicated in this process.

Soil disinfection

1. In 10 liters of garden soil add 3 liters of humus, 1 glass of ash and one tablespoon of superphosphate. We recommend adding one liter of sand to clay soil.​

1. Pickled cucumbers stuffed with fish.
2. Feeding should begin when the plants develop 5-6 leaves and tendrils begin to appear. Then it must be carried out after 10 or 12 days, and during the period when fruiting begins, after a week. For the implementation of the first top dressing, it is necessary to dissolve ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and potassium chloride in 10 liters of water at the rate of 10:10:5 g. When the fruiting period begins, the doses of fertilizers from nitrogen and phosphorus should be increased 1.5 times, potassium - 2 times .​

For planting seedlings, it is necessary to equip the ridges. Then to the side of each ridge, be sure to south side, you need to plant young plants to a depth almost to the very cotyledons. Then seedlings of the following vegetable crops (early cabbage, onion or root plants) should be planted on the ridges. Planting should be carried out simultaneously with watering. In the future, the plants should be watered after 2-3 days, using water heated in barrels. In order not to form a crust, after watering under the plants, it is necessary to pour humus, sod or soil removed from the row spacing into the holes.

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How to grow good seedlings of cucumbers at home?

Scheme of a drip irrigation system for cucumbers in a greenhouse.

Pre-calcined sand, poured over the substrate with a layer of 0.5 cm, protects well from the black leg. Prepare it as follows:

Features of growing seedlings of cucumbers

Elongated pale seedlings are a common case when growing at home. To prevent this from happening, you need to change two modes of growing cucumber seedlings - temperature and light.

• An important question for getting good seedlings of cucumbers at home is when to plant cucumbers for seedlings. If this is done too early, the seedlings will overgrow, stretch out, and be pale and brittle. From such seedlings it is unlikely that a strong and healthy actively fruiting plant will turn out. If, however, the planting of cucumbers for seedlings is delayed, the plants will be too small and weak, it will take a long time to take root in the ground and the harvest will be late.
• Thanks to the dietary properties of this vegetable, it has many fans all over the world: it practically does not contain proteins, carbohydrates and fats, but it contains a lot of potassium, which is indispensable for heart and kidney health, vitamins, including carotene, as well as a high percentage of trace elements. Since ancient times, cucumber has been used as medicinal plant, as well as in cosmetics.​
• The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers and eggplant should have the following compositions:
• The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, eggplant and cucumbers should consist of the following components:
• 2. The mixture is made from three parts of garden soil, one part of manure and one part of fine sawdust.

Required: cucumbers - 4 pcs., fish fillet - 2 pcs. (not large), onions - 1 pc., butter - 1 tbsp. l., broth - ½ cup, sour cream - 2 tbsp. l., flour - 1 tsp., pepper, herbs.

​http://youtu.be/nQVkT_Fxf60​

The development of cucumber plants is positively affected by weak top dressing, which is carried out with a solution consisting of ammonium nitrate (4-5 g), superphosphate (10-11 g), potassium chloride (3-4 g) per 10 liters of water. After the fruiting process has begun, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the feeding solution from 25 to 50%. When caring for cucumbers, be sure to water them, loosen the soil, fertilize and arrange the lashes along the grooves and ridges.

• Cucumbers can be consumed fresh, and in the manufacture of second courses (for example, stuff them), and for canning. Also, cucumber juice has proven itself well in cosmetics and in traditional medicine as a laxative for stomach ailments. To get an excellent harvest, it is necessary that the technology for growing cucumbers is fully observed.
• sift and rinse any sand you have to clean water,
• The air temperature should be reduced to about 15 degrees, and the seedlings should be additionally illuminated, if there is very little light, this will have to be done around the clock.

The optimal time for planting cucumber seeds for seedlings is 20-25 days before the planned date for transplanting into the ground or greenhouse.

In order to properly grow seedlings of cucumbers at home, you must follow a number of rules:

The choice of soil for cucumber seedlings

To one part of sod land add 1 part of peat and river sand. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed, after which it is well watered with a nutrient solution consisting of 25-30 grams of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 10 grams of carbamide per 10 liters of water.

Humus

Seedlings can be grown in cups or pots.

Peeled and seeded pickles should be filled with minced meat, which is made from fresh fish, onions, parsley and pepper. After that, stuffed cucumbers must be put in a deep saucepan or frying pan, pour them with broth and sour cream and put on low heat to stew for 25-30 minutes. Then the cucumbers should be shifted from the saucepan. Wheat flour should be fried in wheat oil and added to the remaining broth, salt, pepper and heat, stirring until boiling. The resulting sauce must be strained into a bowl and sprinkled with dill. You can serve potatoes or rice porridge as a side dish.​

• An earlier and higher yield of cucumbers under film coatings is obtained with the seedling method of growing. Seedlings should be planted in a permanent place in early May from May 5 to May 10. Cucumbers can be planted 10-12 days earlier if you combine the use of film shelters with soil heating, that is, arrange manure steam beds.
• Cucumber is an annual creeping plant that, with the help of tendrils, is firmly attached to supports and grows upwards. In order to get an early and good harvest when growing cucumbers in protected ground, it is necessary to pinch the main shoot from the plants above the second or 3-4th leaf. Since the birthplace of these vegetables is the hot tropics, they are very demanding on heat and moisture. The people even distinguish the so-called "cucumber" years. During such a period, the weather should be warm in summer, drizzling rain should come in 1-2 days, and then there will be warm evaporation from the surface of the heated earth.
• calcined in a pan or heat-resistant dish until dry,
• On bright windows, it is enough to install side and top mirrors that will reflect sunlight onto seedlings. Sometimes it is enough to place cups with cucumbers away from each other, especially if they already have large enough leaves that shade each other.

Proper planting of seeds

For active growth and high-quality fruiting, it is desirable to plant cucumber seeds for seedlings in the ground, which is similar in chemical and mechanical composition to the one in which the plant will live on. In this case, it will be easier for the roots of a young cucumber to germinate in a new environment and gain a foothold in it.

Soil selection.

What to do if the seedlings of cucumbers stretched out?

Soddy soil, peat and humus are mixed in equal proportions. To the resulting mixture, you can add a couple of matchboxes of superphosphate and 0.5 liters of cans of ash.

. It is obtained from rotted manure or plants, which makes this soil the most nutritious and fertile of all. existing species soil.​

Seeds after hardening are planted one at a time in a pot at a depth of 1.5-2 cm and covered with a dark film. Seedlings are germinated at a temperature of 25-27 ° C. Seedlings should appear on the fourth day, and the cotyledons should unfold on the fifth. Film is removed from five-day-old seedlings, the daytime temperature is reduced to 15-20 ° C, the night temperature to 12-18 ° C. A short-term decrease in temperature prevents the subcotyledon from stretching, drooping and wilting of plants.

​http://youtu.be/MkA0MtQOvS4​

Table of diseases and pests of cucumbers.

The old soil in the greenhouse compacts over time, so sawdust or chopped straw from 10 to 30% should be added to it every year, and with them, for every 10 kg of sawdust, an additional 20 g of ammonium nitrate should be added. After the introduction of loosening substances, the soil must be plowed to a depth of 15-20 cm.

If there is not enough moisture in the air, then the growth of cucumber plants stops and weakens. Also, cucumbers are very demanding on what kind of soil moisture. Since the root system of this vegetable develops in the surface layer of the soil, a change in moisture in it can adversely affect the overall development of plants. Cucumbers need to be watered often, but in small doses so that the top layer of soil 10 to 15 cm deep is always wet.

Cool, pour into a new plastic bag and use.

If the seedlings are very stretched out, they can be helped when planting in the ground. Such a plant is carefully and carefully buried to the cotyledons or gradually sprinkled with warm and loose earth. The main condition for a good survival rate of elongated seedlings is planting it in well-warmed, not waterlogged soil. If it was necessary to plant in cold soil, the ground around such a plant is covered with a dark perforated film, which accumulates solar heat and evaporates excess moisture. In this case, the part of the stem buried in the ground will not rot, but will give additional roots and support the weak, elongated seedlings. After a while, it will be the same strong and green plant as all the others.

As soon as the first cotyledon leaves appear, cucumber seedlings must be placed in a cooler and brighter place. This is necessary so that the section of the stem under the cotyledons does not stretch, forming weak, fragile seedlings. You need a lot of light, but direct sunlight should be avoided - they can burn tender and soft young leaves. Water the seedlings with warm water, spray only in the morning in non-sunny weather or in a place protected from direct sunlight.

Growing seedlings of cucumbers - video

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Land for seedlings.

Terms of planting cucumbers for seedlings.

To prepare the soil for seedlings of cabbage you will need:

Land preparation for seedlings.

Sometimes, by chance, two sprouts grow in a glass. Then a weak sprout is pinched on the vine. Its root decomposes without residue, and the root system of the stronger second sprout remains intact.​

• Bon appetit!
• Cucumbers are susceptible to many diseases. Most often they are affected by downy mildew, anthracnose and bacteriosis. Downy mildew appears as a white powdery coating that forms on the upper side of the leaf, and then on the underside. Anthracnose can be recognized by the formation of light brown spots on the upper side of the leaf, a pinkish bloom on the underside, and pinkish-bronze sores on the fruits. With bacteriosis, oily-angular spots appear on the leaves of the affected plants, and watery spots appear on the fruits.
• Cucumber mineral nutrition scheme.

For growing cucumbers, the soil plays an important role, which you need to start preparing in the fall. It should be sufficiently moist, necessarily loose and free from weeds. In order for the harvest to be effective, it is necessary to apply manure, peat-manure compost, decomposed urban waste (6-8 kg per 1 m2). It is more expedient to apply fertilizers in layers: manure - in the fall, mineral fertilizers - for pre-sowing treatment in the spring.

For flower crops not affected by blackleg, one part of compost soil can be added to the above composition. Many ready-to-use peat-based soils with the addition of mineral fertilizers are now on sale. Many of these can be used to grow seedlings or added to existing mixes.​

Cucumber seedlings begin to bloom very quickly, even in cups the first buds are already forming. This does not adversely affect the quality of strong healthy seedlings, but it can take away even small forces from a weakened one.

Do-it-yourself soil for seedlings

Cucumbers love moist air, but do not tolerate "leaving" at night with wet leaves - in this situation, plants quickly infect fungal diseases.

Light mode.

Mix humus (compost), leaf soil and river sand 1:2:1. For a bucket of this mixture, 1 cup (200g) of ash, 0.5 cups of lime - fluff, 1 matchbox of potassium sulfate and 3 matchboxes of superphosphate will not be superfluous. If it is not possible to use mineral fertilizers, then they can be replaced with ash in the amount of 3 glasses.

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Seedling, planting and growing cucumbers

. An integral component of any soil mixture for seedlings. It provides income required amount plant moisture. It also contributes to the creation of good looseness of the soil.

Plants are watered with settled water heated to +24 degrees.

Cucumber is one of the favorite treats on the festive table, both as an ingredient in salads and in pickled form. In a crisis, most gardeners are trying to grow this vegetable on their own. household plots and even on windowsills. Cucumber is demanding in care and growing conditions, therefore, in order to get a bountiful harvest, it is important to have complete information on its agricultural technology.

Brief cultivation technology

To combat downy mildew, spraying with a weak solution of copper sulfate (5 g per 10 l of water) should be used, and for adult plants, use a more concentrated solution (10 g per 10 l of water). Good results in the fight against powdery mildew, anthracnose and bacteriosis of cucumbers are sprayed with 0.08% carotan, morestan or 0.5% copper oxychloride solution.

Plants must be placed one-line, with a distance between rows of 120 cm, in a row - 30-35 cm. Next, holes should be made, the depth of which is 8-9 cm. When planting seedlings, you need to remember that the stem should not be covered with soil. In order to better illuminate the plants, the distance between the holes must be made different: from the side glazing and from the central passage (between their centers) - 30 cm, and in the center of the row - 35 cm.

Planting scheme for cucumbers in a greenhouse.

How to steam the ground for seedlings

For such seedlings, it would be better to remove the first flowers and give the plant the opportunity to take root well in the ground, improve health and form a strong bush. This plant will start fruiting a little later than the others, but will quickly make up for lost time and catch up in yield with the rest of the seedlings. Planted with buds or flowers, weak or elongated seedlings will be sick for a long time, can shed buds and even ovaries, and as a result will give much less fruit.

cucumber seedling

Temperature disturbances such as excessive heat and prolonged overcooling of seedlings, especially in combination with high humidity air and soil lead to the disease "black leg". With this form of root rot, a black area appears at the base of the plant stem, near the ground itself, causing cell death and the death of the entire green part. It will not be possible to save the affected plant, it must be urgently removed and destroyed along with the earth - it is the source of the disease. The remaining seedlings must be treated with fungicides.

Temperature regime.

The soil for seedlings of cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, watermelons is prepared in the following composition:

baking powder

Seedlings are grown for about a month. During this period, she needs to be fed twice. For the first time, fifteen-day seedlings are fed. As a fertilizer, it is better to use a solution of mullein (in a ratio of 1:10) or bird droppings (in a ratio of 1:20). No more than 50 ml is used per plant. The timing of sowing cucumbers depends on further growing conditions. In the first decade of April, cucumber seeds are sown for further planting of seedlings in greenhouses and film greenhouses, and no later than May 10 - for planting in open ground.

Planting seedlings in open ground

Cucumbers stewed in sour cream.

3 days after planting, plants should be tied up. To do this, over each ridge at a height of about 2 m, you need to stretch 2 rows of wire or cord so that the distance between them is 20 cm. Cucumber plants are tied in a checkerboard pattern with a free knot. Care for planted cucumber plants should consist of watering, which should be moderate and only on warm days, while providing ventilation during sunny hours.

Before sowing, it is necessary to select full-weight seeds. To do this, they must be selected in a 3% saline solution according to specific gravity, after which they should be dried, heated at a temperature of 50-60 ° C for about 3 hours, and then germinated. When to sow cucumbers depends on many reasons: for example, where the site is located, how the plants will be protected from frost, etc.

​January 04 and February are the best times to purchase potting soil. Before sowing, place a closed bag of soil in a bucket with very hot (at least 60 - 70 degrees), cover with a lid and leave it to cool completely. Such steaming of the soil will disinfect it from pathogenic microflora and pest larvae, which may well be there. When filling the pots for crops, lightly “salt” the soil from above with the dusty fraction of the AVA fertilizer. Then the seedlings can not be fed with anything during their growth.

Growing in a greenhouse

Cucumber seedlings planted in open ground or in a greenhouse are much more demanding on air humidity than other crops, but they do not tolerate at all if even a drop of water remains on the leaves overnight. In this case, the seedlings quickly fall ill with powdery mildew, which can kill an entire plantation or the "population" of the greenhouse.

Optimal soil composition for cucumber seedlings:

Planting seedlings of cucumbers in a greenhouse.

Mix one bucket of leafy soil with the same amount of humus. 1 glass (200g) of ash is poured into the resulting mixture, up to 10 g. potassium sulfate, and about 20 gr. superphosphate. Everything is thoroughly mixed.

. In addition to peat, the soil for seedlings acquires good porosity after the addition of coarse-grained river sand. This component creates Better conditions for growing garden plants in seedlings. River sand and peat can replace sawdust, but before using them, they must be treated with boiling water.

Technology of cucumbers in greenhouses

For planting, you can use seeds bought at the store or obtained from your cucumbers. Plants grown from seeds 3-4 years old have a high yield. The worst crop will be in plants grown from last year's seeds. It is also not recommended to take seeds from hybrid varieties, since the chances of obtaining plants with identical properties are low.

Required: 200 g cucumbers, 20 g sour cream, 40 g butter, 75 g broth, 10 g tomato paste, greens.

The first foliar top dressing should be given to plants immediately after they are planted in a permanent place in the greenhouse, that is, in the phase of 5-6 leaves, at the rate of 10 g of urea per 10 liters of water. Then top dressing should be carried out every time after a long cloudy weather. For 10 liters of water, 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 5 g of double superphosphate and 5 g of potassium nitrate should be added. The solution must be used depending on the age and development of plants, that is, 10-20 liters per 50 m2. Everything foliar top dressing should be carried out in the 2nd half of the day.​

Seedlings must be grown in paper cups or peat pots for 20-25 days. A mixture of 3 parts of lowland peat, 1 part of sawdust and 0.5 parts of mullein, diluted in half with water, should be poured into the container. For 1 m3 of this mixture, nitrogen (0.08 kg), phosphorus (2.9 kg) and potassium (0.48 kg) must be added. Depending on the acidity of the peat, a certain amount of lime must be added to the mixture.

You can prepare your own soil from a mixture of peat, sand and ash. On a bucket of peat, you should take half a bucket of sand and a liter jar of ash. Instead of ash, it is fashionable to take a 0.5 liter jar of chalk or a glass of lime or dolomite. Peat is sold in gardening stores, and sand and chalk are sold in building departments. Instead of peat, you can use coconut substrate (1 briquette per bucket of water). It is better to pour a briquette of coconut substrate for swelling with boiling water (again for disinfection), and then cover with a lid until it cools completely.

Therefore, cucumbers are watered in the morning with warm water, trying not to leave the leaves wet until the evening. If necessary, the plants are sprayed, but so that they have time to dry out by night.

Soddy or humus land.

Properly grown and prepared for planting, cucumber seedlings should have at least a couple of true leaves, a strong short stem, a rich juicy green color, a well-developed root system (if the seedling container is transparent, it should be clear that the entire clod of earth is braided with roots).

Diseases and the fight against them

​I would like to warn vegetable growers against excessive use of fertilizers when preparing the soil for vegetable seedlings, if the base soil used is nutritious in itself. This is due to the fact that on initial stage seed germination, the plant does not require many trace elements. The need for them arises only when the first true leaves appear. Therefore, additional nutrition is usually applied through liquid fertilizer a few weeks after germination.​

leafy earth

Three days before planting, seedlings are re-fertilized. For this, a complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used, in which phosphorus and potassium predominate.

Cucumber Recipes

Seeds should be stored at a temperature of + 16 ° C and humidity - 50-60%. Then they will not lose their qualities for 10 years.​

Peeled and sliced ​​cucumbers should be rolled in flour, to which salt and pepper are added, and fried in oil. Then the fried cucumbers should be put in a deep frying pan, pour over the meat broth, add sour cream, tomato paste. After that, close the lid and simmer at a low boil until the cucumbers become soft enough. The finished dish must be applied, pouring sauce over it, sprinkling dill on top and wrapping it with white bread toasts. Wheat or rice porridge is well suited for a side dish.

First, the greenhouses must be cleared of snow and ice, then filled with manure to the strapping, which must be evenly spread out and slightly compacted. After 4 days, manure settles, so it should be further compacted, Special attention giving places near the strapping. If a stable and favorable thermal regime has been created in the greenhouse, then in the 2nd half of March (March 15-20) you can start growing cucumbers.​

After sowing, it is necessary to maintain air humidity at the level of 70-75%. It is better to remove late-appearing plants, as they will produce little yield in the future. As a rule, until the moment the seedlings are planted in the ground, it is not necessary to water it, since the humidity in the pots is kept within 72%. If it goes down, then you need to start watering. A few days before planting seedlings, it should be accustomed to outdoor air. The day before planting, you need to feed with mineral fertilizers: ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, superphosphate at the rate of 10:30:40 g per 10 liters of water, which is enough to process 1 m2. To avoid burns in plants after top dressing, fertilizers must be washed off with clean water.

It should be remembered that the soil for seedlings with their own hands does not contain anything, therefore, when preparing them, any complex mineral fertilizer must be applied (3 tablespoons per bucket of peat, while the fertilizer must be properly mixed with the soil).

Cucumbers are one of the most grateful garden crops, which, with minimal care and attention, will thank their owners with a plentiful and tasty harvest.

For growing seedlings of cucumbers for a greenhouse, it is necessary to select the so-called parthenocarpic, or self-pollinating varieties that do not need the help of bees and other insects. If the seedlings are intended for open ground, bee-pollinated varieties of this vegetable are also suitable.

This process is necessary to remove pathogens from the soil. You can disinfect the soil mixture for home seedlings different ways, one of which is its freezing. But, if this is not possible, then you can use watering with disinfectants or steam treatment.

​. Distinctive feature of this type of soil is its high friability, but the low content of nutrients does not allow it to be used as the main soil for seedlings. Therefore, its use is possible only after combining with other types of soil. Leafy land is most often collected in the forest belt, where they grow deciduous trees. Vegetable growers do not recommend using land collected under willow, oak or chestnut, as it will not work out of it to prepare soil for seedlings of good quality: it is too saturated with tannins.

In a month, the seedlings take the form of squat bushes, with a well-developed root system and 1-2 dark green leaves. It is planted in soil insulated from below at a depth of 5 cm with manure or other organic substances.

Homemade seeds are prepared for sowing. First, the seeds are discarded. To do this, they are placed in a saline solution (3 g of salt per glass of water). Empty seeds will float, and viable ones will be at the bottom.

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Secrets of strong seedlings of cucumbers | House in the village

​http://youtu.be/mx9iaUxbZ2E​

We sow cucumbers for seedlings

For the development of the root system, it is necessary that the soil layer is sufficient, therefore, along the greenhouse (in its middle), you need to arrange a groove, the width of which is 25-30 cm and the depth is 12-15 cm. It is necessary to pour the soil mixture into it, which consists of 2 parts of sod land and 1 part of humus. As a result, a total layer of at least 23-25 ​​cm should be obtained in the groove. A ridge is formed above the groove (on both sides of it), on which fresh garden or old greenhouse soil should be poured.

Pre-sowing preparation of seeds

A good seedling of cucumbers should be dark green in color, it should have 1 true leaf, as well as a thick stem.

Seedlings will have to be constantly watered not with water, but with a weak solution of such a fertilizer (a teaspoon per 3 liters of water). You can use liquid fertilizer. Part complex fertilizers usually including not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also trace elements.

Read about growing cucumbers in a greenhouse in our next article.​

Sand.

​The seeds offered for sale come in different qualities - regular, processed and granulated.​

What soil is best?

Method one. It is good to pour the prepared fertile mixture with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 liters of water), and then carry out additional treatment with antifungal drugs.

Soil preparation for seedlings is not too complex process, but still, the vegetable grower requires some effort and free time. Therefore, many prefer not to bother and purchase a ready-made soil mixture. However, not all manufacturers of such products are conscientious, and it is possible to purchase peat land with an acidic environment. Even if mineral fertilizers are added to it, good seed germination and strong seedlings can not be obtained.

After the last feeding, they try not to water the seedlings so that the earthen ball with the roots dries out a little. When transplanting, the soil in the hole is disinfected with a one percent solution of potassium permanganate. The bottom of the cup is cut with a knife, the plant is gently pushed out of the cup. With this method of transplantation, the risk of damage to the roots is minimal. The plant is planted in a hole, sprinkled with moist soil, and then dry. For the first week, plants should be shaded with branches, cartons or boxes to improve survival.

Good seeds are treated for fungal diseases in a 1% manganese solution, washed and dried. It should be noted that store seeds do not need to be rejected and disinfected.

Cucumbers with milk sauce.

Further, in the middle of the greenhouse, transverse oblong holes should be arranged, the depth of which is 10-12 cm. These holes must first be watered with warm water, then the seedlings should be planted in pairs so that it is in an inclined position and facing the pots to the center. To speed up the appearance of side shoots, you need to pinch the apical bud over the 3-4th leaf. Early ripe varieties do not need to pinch.

Watering, feeding

If you are late with its landing, then this can lead to pampering, stretching of plants and poor survival after planting. It is best to start planting seedlings in the ground in the first half of June after the danger of frost has passed. In the event that it is possible to cover it with a film, the landing can be postponed to the 1st half of May.

Cucumbers are among the most common vegetable crops. Everyone loves them, so this vegetable can be found at any summer cottage and garden.

The soil for growing seedlings and sowing seeds can have different compositions, but under one inapplicable condition - it must be fresh, that is, not previously used. The old soil for seedlings can be used only after steaming. At home, this can be done in the oven cooker. Pour the earth into a bowl or pan, moisten, close the lid and place in the oven at a temperature of 80 - 85 degrees for two hours. At a higher temperature, the organic part of the mixture (peat, humus) begins to burn out.

Drainage (added to the bottom of the landing tank to remove excess moisture). Expanded clay, vermiculite, sunflower husks and other absorbent materials can be used as drainage.

Landing in the ground

Ordinary seeds must be calibrated and rejected before planting: obviously crippled and small ones are immediately selected, and the remaining ones are immersed in a strong solution of table salt - the floating seeds are unusable, and the full ones will go to the bottom. They are selected, washed thoroughly with fresh water and dried or immediately processed for sowing.

Method two. Land for seedlings is placed in a cloth bag or in a perforated container and set to steam for 45 minutes. You can, of course, ignite the earth in the oven, but along with pathogenic microbes, the necessary nutrients also disappear.

For this reason, the soil for seedlings of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant is prepared by experienced gardeners with their own hands. It is best to do this process in the fall, and by spring the soil for seedlings will settle and sit down. If you leave it for storage in the barn, then it will also freeze well, which will only benefit him.

Soil condition is one of the main conditions for the development and yield of cucumber. The culture begins to bear fruit early, therefore, by the time of planting, the soil must contain a complex of all the mineral and nutrients necessary for fruit set. Otherwise, it is impossible to achieve a high yield.

Not only fertility is important, but also the structure of the soil. The weak root system of the cucumber does not tolerate heavy soils. It should be taken into account: everything that is introduced into the soil lingers in it for a long time, so the process requires the right approach.

The main requirements of the culture for the mechanical composition of the soil are high air permeability and moisture capacity, therefore cucumbers are recommended to be planted on light and medium loams, which are distinguished by good aeration of the root system, evenly distribute and retain moisture.

For good development, the cucumber needs mineral and organic nutrition, which comes from the soil immediately after planting, so the soil must be high in humus and have an optimal ratio of macronutrients.

Important Minerals:

• Nitrogen. With its lack, the growth of the aerial part, the development of roots, slows down.
• Potassium. Mineral deficiency weakens plants, reduces resistance to disease and cold.
• Phosphorus. With a shortage, plant growth and fruit formation slow down.
• Magnesium. The leaves turn yellow, become brittle, fall off. Plant growth and fruit development slow down.

The culture is demanding on the reaction of the soil solution and does not tolerate acidification. The optimal level of acidity is pH 6.2-6.8.

Cucumbers love warm soil. Planting seedlings and planting seeds is possible only after the soil has warmed up to t 18 ° C. With a decrease in t to 14-15 ° C for 3-5 days, the roots of the cucumber stop developing.

This can lead to the death of plants. Surviving cucumbers will be weak and prone to disease. Yields will be greatly reduced.

Cucumbers develop best if the soil is 2-3°C warmer than the air. The average daily air t for cucumber is 16-32°C. These indicators are also guided for control over the soil.

Soil moisture should be 75-85%. In the future, to control soil moisture, a handful of earth is taken from the root layer and tightly squeezed in a fist. If water comes out, the humidity level is over 80%. If the lump retains fingerprints, then the humidity is more than 70%. The lump crumbles - less than 60%.

Definition and structuring of different soil types

Before proceeding with the basic preparation of the soil for cucumbers, it is necessary to put in order its mechanical composition and physical properties. To create an optimal basis, into which fertilizers will subsequently be applied according to the requirements of cucumbers. The task is especially relevant when developing a new site.

Determination of the mechanical composition of the soil

To determine the type of soil, you can use a simple method that does not require special equipment. To do this, take a handful of earth and lightly moisten it with water so that it does not wring out. Knead and form a lump. Then roll a lace with a diameter of 3 mm in your palms and roll it into a solid ring.

Depending on the condition of the cord, you can determine the type of soil:

1. quickly disintegrates - sandy loam;
2. crushed during rolling - light loam;
3. solid, but when folded into a ring, it breaks up - medium loam;
4. solid, but small cracks form on the ring - heavy loam;
5. solid, solid ring - alumina.

Light and medium loams

The most optimal soil types for growing cucumbers. The mechanical composition of light loams does not need to be structured. Since autumn, manure is introduced into medium loams at a rate of 5-6 kg per 1 sq. m.

sandy loam

This type of soil warms up quickly, is characterized by intense aeration and high water permeability. In addition, sandy loam is easy to process, and the conversion of organic matter into humus in them occurs in an accelerated mode.

The disadvantages of soil for growing cucumbers are rapid cooling at night and leaching of minerals from the root layer. This can be corrected by introducing fresh manure or compost from autumn at 10 kg per 1 sq. m.

Alumina and heavy loam

These types of soil are unsuitable for growing cucumbers. They do not warm up well and practically do not let air and moisture through. This is detrimental to culture.

With limited oxygen access to the roots, cucumbers begin to shed their ovaries, practically do not develop and gradually dry out. Heavy soils must be loosened.

The best way- introduction of fresh straw manure. This should be done in the fall so that it has time to decompose and turn into humus. In uncultivated soils, 10-15 kg of manure is applied per square meter. m. When re-applying (recommended every 3-4 years), 5-6 kg per square meter is enough. m.

Manure close up superficially. With deep incorporation, it does not decompose and partially turns into peat, in which the bacteria necessary for plants do not develop.

Sandstones

This type of soil is unsuitable for growing cucumbers. It does not retain moisture, and minerals are quickly washed out of the root layer. It warms up quickly, but also cools down during the nighttime temperature drop.

To improve the soil per 1 sq. m. contribute:

• semi-rotted manure or compost 1.5 -2 buckets;
• peat 1 bucket.

A labor-intensive, costly, but very effective method is claying the soil. To do this, in each sq. m. contribute 1-2 buckets of powdered clay. It is combined with manure or compost. After making any baking powder, the area is dug up. Activities are carried out over 2-3 years.

Peaty swampy

In Russia, this type of soil is found in the West Siberian Plain and in its natural form is unsuitable for growing cucumbers. It is excessively moist and fibrous, there are no conditions for the decomposition of plant residues, so peat becomes very sour. Peaty-boggy soil is characterized by a light brown color.

First you need to dry the area. To do this, in the spring, grooves are dug around the perimeter of the site so that water is drained outside the garden. By the end of summer, the site will dry out, you can begin to improve the soil.

For 1 sq. m. contribute:

• powder clay 1 bucket;
• river sand 0.5 buckets;
• lime from 0.3 to 1.4 kg depending on acidity.

The site is dug up to a depth of 20 cm. They introduce rotted manure, humus or bird droppings 1 kg per square meter. m. More organic matter is not required.

There are a lot of organic substances in peat, and manure in this case is used only to start the processes of its decomposition.

Work on the introduction of these components are constantly from year to year. Until the soil acquires optimal physical properties that are comfortable for plants. In addition to the main fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), copper and boron are annually introduced.

Acidity regulation

Acidic soil is typical for low-lying areas with stagnant spring water. Acidity can also rise after seasons with high rainfall, which leach out calcium and magnesium. Hydrogen ions begin to predominate in soil particles, increasing its acidity.

In such areas grow rapidly: plantain, wild rosemary, horsetail, speedwell and sorrel. When digging the soil at a depth of 10-15 cm, you can find a layer of light color, reminiscent of ash.

The easiest and cheapest way to determine soil acidity is to use litmus paper. It can be purchased at any garden store and pharmacies.

To determine the acidity of the soil, a semi-liquid solution of soil and distilled water is mixed, a strip of litmus paper is immersed in it for 2-3 seconds. To calculate acidity values, it is compared with the attached color scale.

Calcium carbonate is used to reduce soil acidity. It is found in ground limestone, chalk, cement dust, wood ash, dolomite and bone meal.

For the primary regulation of acidity, it is better to use ground limestone. Norms of its introduction per 1 sq. m. for various types of soil (pH< 4,5/ pH 4,6-6,0):

• sandy 400/100 g;
• sandy loam 600/150 g;
• loamy 800/350 g;
• alumina 1100/500 g;
• peat-marshy 1400/300

Cucumbers are very sensitive to liming, so measures to reduce soil acidity are best carried out under the previous crop. Last resort - in the fall.

In the future, to maintain acidity on required level wood ash is used, which also serves as a good fertilizer.

How to prepare the soil for planting cucumbers

Soil preparation and arrangement of beds for greenhouses and open ground is the same. The difference is only in the preparatory work.

Greenhouse processing

Most gardeners do not have the opportunity to observe crop rotation in the greenhouse, therefore, after harvesting, the depleted soil with manure that has rotted over the summer is completely taken out of the room and distributed in place of future beds. An exception is the planting of pumpkin crops.

If for some reason a complete replacement of the soil is not possible, it must be disinfected.

Options:

• Spilling the soil with boiling water and covering the surface of the bed with a film for a day. After that, the earth is dug up and harrowed. The procedure is repeated after 3 days. Spend in the spring.
• The use of biofungicides. Spraying on the soil solutions of preparations: Trichodermin, Fitosporin M, Phytocide, Bordeaux mixture, Pentafog. Processed in autumn and spring.
• The introduction of bleach 200 g per 1 sq. m. and digging the soil. Apply 6 months before planting cucumbers.
• Spilling the soil with a 2% formalin solution (40%), the surface is covered with a film for 3 days. The soil is dug up and harrowed. The event is held 2-4 weeks before planting.

Since autumn, all plant residues are collected and burned. The inner surfaces of the greenhouse are washed with a 2% formalin solution (40%). It is desirable to fumigate the greenhouse with sulfur.

open ground

In open ground, you need to constantly change the place for growing cucumbers, returning the culture back only after 3-4 years. The best predecessors are tomatoes, cabbage, peas. Do not plant after pumpkin crops.

A place for a bed is selected well-lit, protected from drafts and cold northern winds. In autumn, the site is dug up, removing all plant waste.

When siderates are needed

In the greenhouse and in the open field, when there is no soil replacement, green manure plants can be sown. The best option is white mustard. It should be sown immediately after harvesting cucumber plants. After 3-4 weeks, a sufficient vegetative mass is formed, which is embedded in the soil to the depth of a spade bayonet.

The mustard will break down and remove most of the cucumber root exudates accumulated over the season from the soil.

In addition, a kind of compost is obtained in the soil, rich in proteins and minerals. A system of root tubules is created in the soil, which improves its mechanical properties.

Dead mustard roots attract worms and microbes, which in the process of life form nitrogen. Additionally, the soil is protected from erosion and swelling.

In the video, the author shows his way of preparing the soil and beds for sowing cucumbers.

Arrangement of the beds

Cucumber is one of the few plants that can and is even recommended to be grown on fresh manure. When laying manure, it must be taken into account that the root layer of plants reaches a depth of 20 cm. Therefore, there should be a 25-30 cm layer of fertile soil on the surface of the manure.

In such a bed, a heat-loving culture is not afraid of cooling the roots with a strong decrease in air temperature at night or insufficient warming of the soil during early planting in greenhouses.

To arrange the beds in the selected area, its borders are marked. The width should be such that the gardener can freely reach the plants with both hands. You can’t even lean on the boards spread on top of the beds. Cucumber does not tolerate the slightest compaction of the soil.

A trench 50-60 cm deep is dug over the area of ​​the beds. In the spring, two weeks before planting, it is filled with fresh manure. From above they fall asleep with garden soil and fertilize.

If it is very cold, the bed is covered with a film for intensive heating. Such a measure is mainly needed only in unheated greenhouses and regions with a late onset of summer.

The introduction of minerals

Fertilizers for cucumbers begin to be applied two weeks before transplanting seedlings or planting seeds.

For 1 sq. m. cucumber ridges are made:

• rotted manure 25 kg or compost 10 kg;
• superphosphate 40 g;
• potassium sulfate 40 g;
• magnesium sulfate 15 g or potassium magnesia 60 g.

Fertilizers are evenly scattered on the soil surface, the ridge is dug up. After that, shed with water at a rate of 10 liters per 1 sq. m.

A week later, 30 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 sq. m. The bed is dug up again and spilled with water. After that, we can assume that the soil is completely ready for planting cucumbers.

Preparation of soil mixture for seedlings

The strength of the seedlings to a greater extent depends on the quality of the soil. The simplest option is to purchase ready-made soil adapted to the requirements of pumpkin crops.

Ready soils consist of a mixture different types peat, sod land, river sand, biohumus with the addition of all the necessary minerals. They are fully processed and disinfected, they do not contain weed seeds, pest larvae and fungal spores.

Finished soils:

• "Live Earth" soil No. 2;
• "Humimax";
• "Peter Peat" primer for cucumbers;
• "Bioud-Grunt" No. 2;
• "Hera";
• "Fasco".

For growing seedlings, you should not purchase peat soils. They are poorer in composition, suitable only for filling planting containers or adding mature plants to the trunk circle.

In order to independently prepare the soil mixture, it is necessary to harvest and store components in the summer season.

Several soil options:

• humus, lowland peat 1:1;
• soddy soil, decomposed peat, manure humus, river sand 3:3:3:1;
• lowland peat, humus, rotted sawdust 3:1:1;
• garden soil, manure humus, peat, rotted sawdust 2:1:1:1.

For 10 liters - a bucket - any of these mixtures add 4 tbsp. l. wood ash, 20 g superphosphate, 1 tsp. urea and potassium sulfate.

Home soil mixture must be disinfected. To do this, it is shed with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate or treated with biological fungicides. Recommended drugs: "Fitosporin", "Trichodermin", "Planriz", "Extrasol".

soil for growing cucumbers

In boxes and barrels

The limited space of boxes, barrels or other containers requires a slightly different approach to the composition and preparation of the soil.

When using drums and other tall containers:

• a layer of pebbles, broken bricks, strong branches for 1/3 of the container is laid out at the bottom;
• hay, sawdust and tops are placed on top, sprinkled with humus or rotted manure - after laying this layer, 40 cm remains to the edge of the container;
• shed with EM preparations for better overheating;
• mix leafy soil and humus (1:1) or peat and humus (1:1);
• fall asleep 20 cm layer.

The container is covered with a film and left to overheat for two weeks. Fill up with fertile soil so that 15 cm remains to the edges of the sides of the container. Two weeks before planting, the soil is fertilized for cucumbers.

On balconies and window sills

On balconies and window sills, cucumbers are grown in containers with a volume of at least 5-7 liters (depending on the variety). At the bottom of the pots, there must be holes for water drainage and a drainage layer 5 cm high. A layer of fertile soil is at least 20 cm.

For growing cucumbers in containers, ready-made and home-made soils recommended for seedlings are well suited. They contain a large amount of nutrients, which is especially important when the environment for the roots is limited.

Cultivated plants, including cucumbers, take out almost all the nutrients from the soil during the season. She is exhausted. Salinity, increased acidity and severe drought dramatically reduce the level of soil bacteria, and hence the formation of humus, so the soil must be constantly monitored, not limited to seasonal fertilization.

horse peat

Riding "red" sphagnum peat, in contrast to soil mixtures, is characterized by high porosity (about 95%) and excellent moisture capacity (60 - 70%). It is relatively long resistant to microbiological decomposition, which means it can be used for a long time. Due to the long-fiber structure, high-moor peat is able to retain the mineral fertilizers introduced into it, while they are not washed out for a long time and remain in a form accessible to plants.

The long-fiber substrate based on high-moor peat is light in weight. It also has good thermal insulation properties, does not cake and does not shrink when growing plants.

The root system of crops planted in such a substrate easily wraps around the entire peat ball.

High-moor peat in its natural form has an acidic reaction (pH 2.8 - 3.6) and can be used to acidify the main soil. It is especially convenient to use it for plants that prefer to grow in an acidic substrate: rhododendrons, hydrangeas, heathers, some types of violets, strawberries, potatoes, sorrel. Under these crops, ventilated peat is applied at the rate of 1: 1 (for clay or sandy soil).

For rhododendrons, hydrangeas and azaleas, you can also add one part of the coniferous litter.

On the basis of high-moor peat, you can prepare a substrate and grow seedlings of vegetable and flower crops on it, or use it as the main soil in a greenhouse. To do this, add lime or dolomite flour on average 9-10 kg / m 3 and mineral fertilizers to well-ventilated and mixed peat (for complex mineral fertilizer, the dose is 1 - 2 kg / m 3). Then measure the pH (acidity). Optimal soil acidity for most vegetable plants and colors vary from 5.5 to 6.5.

The prepared substrate must be kept for 1.5 - 2 weeks, stirring occasionally. Then water it and plant the plants. During the growing season, cucumbers are watered with slurry diluted with water (1:10), and the rest of the plants are fed with compost and mineral fertilizers.

The advantage of this method of growing in a greenhouse is that the soil worked out during the season can be changed at no extra cost.

And as you know, changing the soil helps get rid of root infections accumulating over the season.

lowland peat

Lowland peat is mostly black. It is characterized by a high degree of decomposition, a high concentration of minerals, especially calcium, it is neutral or slightly acidic (pH 4.2 - 4.7). Lowland peat is rich in humic acids, but absorbs a large amount of water and gives it poorly (humidity over 70%). It is prone to caking, lumping and silting.

For ventilation, low-lying peat is kept for outdoors within a few days. It is poured into heaps, which allows you to weather compounds harmful to plants.

It is better to use lowland peat in a mixture with compost and mineral fertilizers as a source of replenishment. organic matter mineral soil, as well as for lightening and aerating clay soils and binding and retaining moisture in sandy soils.

ON A NOTE

Peat extraction is most often carried out directly from the surface of the earth. This method is called milling. Less commonly, peat is mined from quarries.

Low-lying or high-moor peat is distributed evenly on the surface of the earth and dug up together with the soil to a depth of 10 cm. The application rate is 20 - 30 l / m 2. For new plots of land, 50-60 l / m 2 must be applied.

When peat is introduced, the soil becomes optimal for plants - finely cloddy and granular (soil particles are stuck together into lumps with a diameter of several millimeters). Land with such a structure contains a lot of air necessary for the breathing of the root system, it absorbs and retains water well, which creates conditions for a more complete and productive use of atmospheric and soil moisture by plants.

Lowland peat is great for lawn mulching in the spring. First, the grass is combed out and nitrogen fertilizers are applied, and then peat is scattered over it in a thin layer (3-5 mm is enough).

Also, mulching with peat is useful for sandy and clay soil and to retain moisture at the roots when watering. It is usually held in the spring. Weed out all weeds, water, fertilize if necessary. Peat is distributed in a layer of 2 - 5 cm, without sprinkling it close to the stems. For large plants and when using a coarse peat fraction, the thickness of the mulch can be increased. In autumn, peat is embedded in the topsoil.

peat compost

Peat is great for getting rid of odors. compost heaps made up of household waste. To do this, it is laid in a layer of 25 - 30 cm, household waste, slurry, etc. are drained from above, which are periodically covered with peat from above.

The width of the stack should be twice its height. For one weight part of peat, 2-3 parts of waste (slurry) are taken in summer, and half as much in winter. The mixture is periodically stirred. The term of maturation of compost depends on the time of laying - in spring and summer 2-4 months, in autumn and winter 6-12 months. In dry, hot weather, the composting material should be moistened.

If you are raising poultry, rabbits and larger animals, then you will not find a better decontaminating bedding than peat.

Dry peat also perfectly stores vegetables, fruits and bulbs of flower crops.

And if you are the owner of a peaty swampy area - do not be upset! Grow what others are not given: hydrangeas, rhododendrons, heathers, azaleas, varietal cranberries, blueberries, lingonberries with huge fruits and a storehouse of essential amino acids, antioxidants and vitamins.

Well, was it worth being afraid of this truly beautiful raw material? If you are too lazy to bother with preparing peat for use or it is not available in your area, it can be purchased at stores and from enterprises specializing in the production of peat substrates. From all of the above, choose what is right for you!

ON A NOTE

For garden toilets, high-moor fluffy peat is best suited, which is able to absorb 400% of liquid waste and absorb odor at the same time.

Any peat - raised, lowland or transitional - can be used when sheltering plants for the winter. Fertilized and neutralized peat can cover the rhizomes of raspberries, roses, grapes, add strawberry bushes.

It is excellent to cover rhododendrons, azaleas, hydrangeas in its pure form with riding peat in a high hill, and wrap it with agrotextile on top from sunburn.

Shelter with peat is very convenient because in the spring you just need to slightly scatter the top layer of peat around the plants, freeing the trunks and branches. The same substrate will also serve as additional nutrition for plants in the spring.

Peat: both mulch and fertilizer

It is often advised to mulch seedlings with peat. But is peat also a fertilizer?

Both low-lying and high-moor peat are a mixture of semi-decayed plant remains. Indeed, it is an organic fertilizer. But do not expect that peat will instantly increase soil fertility. Peat has almost no effect on the saturation of the soil with nutrients. However, it greatly improves the structure of the soil - it makes it loose, so water and air penetrate the roots faster. It is useful to add peat to sandy soil, because, unlike sand, it perfectly retains moisture and nutrients.

Pay attention to what kind of peat is (see table).

On lowland peat, you can grow berries and vegetable crops. Horse peat is suitable only for growing blueberries or cranberries, or it can be added to compost, covering plants with it for the winter. Peat can be applied both in spring and autumn - for digging at the rate of 35-40 kg per 1 K8.M.

It is good to pour peat into the near-stem circles of trees, shrubs to a height of 5-6 cm. Such mulch is especially useful after prolonged rains, when a dense crust forms on the soil surface. In this case, peat also acts as a baking powder.

NOTE: High-moor peat must be neutralized before application: add 2-3 kg of lime or 3-4 kg of ash per 100 kg of peat.

		Plants- peat formers	Peculiarities
Horse	Brown	Sphagnum mosses, cotton grass, wild rosemary, swamp sedge	Contains a large amount of organic matter and few nutrients available to plants; with high acidity
Lowland	Brown	Sedges, hypnum mosses, reed, horsetail, meadowsweet, cinquefoil	Contains more nutrients and less organic matter than horseback; acidity (pH) - from 4.7 to 6.0

Colors Black Thickening Fabric Pot Plant Pot Container ...

Should cucumber seeds be germinated?

Cucumber seeds germinate most actively at a temperature of 20-25 °C. The minimum temperature for germination is 18 ° C, while seedlings appear later and are sparse. If the soil temperature is below 18 ° C, then some of the seeds rot and do not germinate. Germinated seeds can develop at temperatures from 15 to 18 °C, below 15 °C the development of germinated seeds is delayed. When sowing with germinated seeds, it is necessary that the root of the seedlings is not damaged, since in this case root rot leading to a weakening of the development of plants and their early death. When sowing seeds in a greenhouse in a permanent place, it is recommended to put a soaked seed and a dry one next to it. If both seeds germinate, the plants can be transplanted with a large clod of soil.

What size pot is needed for cucumber seedlings?

If you grow seedlings with cotyledons and one true leaf, then a pot size with a diameter of 6 cm is sufficient. The age of such seedlings is 12-15 days. When receiving seedlings with 2-3 leaves, the pot should be 7 cm in diameter, and for growing thirty-day seedlings, pots with a diameter of 8 cm are needed. But such seedlings have 4-5 leaves, it is quite difficult to transport them over long distances, they are often injured during transportation and even without visible damage takes root longer than small seedlings with 1-2 leaves.

What kind of soil is needed for growing cucumber seedlings?

The root system of the cucumber is weak, and the leaf surface will grow quickly, therefore, increased requirements are placed on the soil for growing seedlings. The soil must have good breathability and retain water. The most suitable mixture of peat, sand and humus. If it is possible to store land from a summer cottage, then it is better to prepare it in the fall. Splicing on store-bought primers often fails. The reason is in an unscrupulous approach to the preparation of peat.

The soil is moistened and fertilized before sowing. 100 g of fertilizer "Universal" of the Buysky chemical plant or 80 g of fertilizer "Kemira Universal" are applied to a bucket (10 l).

Is it possible to grow cucumber seedlings on high peat?

High-moor peat has a low degree of decomposition, light Brown color, fibrous structure, there is practically no pathogenic microflora in it, it has a high porosity, as a result of which the root system of the cucumber is located evenly in the pot and is well fed with air. Nutrients in peat are in a difficult to digest form and become available to plants only as the peat decomposes, the pH of peat is 4.8-5.5, so high-moor peat must be limed: 60-80 g of chalk is taken per bucket (10 l) and after thorough mixing add 10-12 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium nitrate, 2-3 g of ammonium nitrate, 5-6 g of magnesium sulfate, 1 tablet of trace elements. Instead of these fertilizers, you can take 150 g of the Universal fertilizer from the Buysky chemical plant and 60-80 g of chalk.

Is it possible to grow cucumber seedlings on the ground from the site where vegetables were grown?

On the ridges where the cucumber was grown in the previous year, the causative agents of its diseases accumulate. Therefore, you can not take the soil from the ridges after the cucumber, as well as zucchini, pumpkin, squash, melon. You can take the land from the ridges after growing cabbage, potatoes, onions, beans, beans, peas. 80-100 g of Universal fertilizer is added to this land.

What should be done if the seedlings are stretched?

When grown on a windowsill, on a veranda, in a loggia, cucumber plants do not receive enough light, but the air temperature can be high. Such conditions contribute to the extension of the stem. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to reduce the air temperature by opening the windows, and at temperatures above 12-15 ° C, you can open windows or take seedlings to the balcony.

How deep should cucumber seedlings be planted?

On sandy and loamy soils, plants are planted, deepening the pot to ¾ of the height; on peaty and light sandy soils, it is completely deepened.