Types of roofing materials for the roof. Varieties of roofs of private houses: choosing the best option Roofing materials for modern buildings

During the construction of a house, such an important detail of the entire structure as the roof is of great importance for the aesthetic perception of the building and protection from unpleasant weather conditions. A variety of types of roofs, depending on the form factor, type, dimensions, as well as design features, require appropriate building materials and complex calculations of loads on various elements of the roof structure.

To answer the question, what are the forms of the roof, consider some of them. Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are distinguished into two main categories:

Flat roof

Flat roofs - the angle of inclination for such roofs is usually 2 - 3 degrees, if we correlate this angle with the horizon. The use of such roofs in the construction of private houses can be found very rarely. This is due to the fact that maintenance of roofs of this form becomes problematic. During rainy periods, water stagnates on the roof, and in the winter season, the accumulated snow will need to be removed independently.

Apparently, due to these reasons, these types of roofs in private construction are not widespread, although they may have some positive aspects. When erecting this type of roof, you can significantly save on building materials, and use the resulting additional area to good use by arranging a recreation area for your loved ones and guests or a small beautiful garden.

pitched roof

Pitched roofs - these types of roofs are very practical to use, usually the angle of inclination for such roofs can start from 10 degrees or more. In the winter season and during rainy seasons, precipitation does not accumulate on it, snow or rainwater calmly goes down the drains. It is for this reason that the use of pitched roofs has gained such popularity in private construction.

What are the roofs of houses with pitched surfaces? To answer this question, consider some types of roofing of this type:

• lean-to;
• steep gable;
• gentle gable;
• broken (attic) gable;
• half-hip four-slope;
• tent four-slope;
• hip four-slope.

One of the most convenient in construction are shed roofs, in which the slope is no more than 4 - 6 degrees. Such roofs are mainly erected in garages, sheds and other outbuildings. It is quite easy to install shed roofs, but they are still rarely found in suburban or summer cottage construction of residential buildings, mainly this type of roof is used for outbuildings.

If it becomes necessary to use an attic space, then a mansard roof is built, which can be gable and have broken lines of the roof contour. The hip roof is very practical to use; these types of roofs cope well with various types of loads, including wind ones. But this type of roof is not as easy to install as the previous ones. Much more building materials are spent on its construction and a competent team of professionals is required so that everything is done very accurately and correctly. Next, we will take a closer look at the different types and designs of roofs.

When choosing a roof and its type, all factors must be taken into account. Don't just look at life characteristics or other practical considerations, but also consider how your roof will look and shape in terms of aesthetics and artistic value.

For example, a mansard roof not only looks aesthetically beautiful due to its broken shape, but it is also very practical to use. If there is a heavy snowfall, then the snow masses will not linger on such a roof.

What are the types of roofs? Let's look at them in more detail.

The most popular types of roofs of houses today

The popularity of a particular type of roof is often explained either by the ease of its creation, or economic factor, or climatic conditions of the area. We will briefly talk about what roofs are and why they are so good and popular today.

Gable roof

It is not at all surprising that this particular type of roof comes first. Even in ancient times, our ancestors built houses, namely, with gable roofs, and only then Western trends came to Russia, such as mansard or domed roofs, as well as hip roofs.

This is one of the most popular and comfortable roofs for private houses. A roof with two slopes resting on walls of the same height and forming a space in the form of a triangle (gables) is sometimes called a "gabled roof". The installation of such a roof is much more complicated than the construction of a pitched roof, but the choice of roofing material for it is simplified. It is not inferior to it in functional characteristics: it also easily copes with snow, rain, and wind. In terms of design, a gable roof looks much better than a shed roof.

hip roof

hip roof

Hip roofs already have 4 slopes, of which two are trapezoidal, and two are triangular.
This type of roof got its name from the word "hips", which means triangular slopes, which are located on the front side. During the construction of such a roof, beams and double tightening are used. In addition, the mandatory equipment of drains for each slope follows, the slope of which is usually made up to 45 degrees. Only a sufficiently steep slope will be able to divert both water and snow, as well as withstand strong gusty winds. The construction of hip roofs requires a lot of labor, as a rather complex truss system is used.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are another type of hip roofs, which differs from the hip roof in that it has a truncated triangular slope, usually located higher than trapezoidal slopes. Its only drawback is the high consumption of material for covering those sections of the roof that are adjacent to the roof ribs.

Mansard roof or broken

Also applies to gable roofs with broken lines of slopes. Such kinks increase the area and volume of the attic, which is commonly called the attic. The pentagonal shape of the gables of the mansard roofs attracts the eye of almost all passers-by. To build such a roof is not very difficult. However, during construction, you are unlikely to do without the insulation of your attic.

The cost of a roof is approximately 15 to 20% of the total cost of building an entire house. Creating an attic under the roof is the most economical option for obtaining additional premises. Therefore, it is very appropriate to slightly increase the cost of the attic, which will give you another full floor. And there you can arrange summer bedrooms and lounges for young family members and guests.

But why does an attic increase costs compared to building a simple attic? This is due, of course, to the need for roof insulation, living quarters require this. Additional injections will be required, and due to the inevitable complication of the roof structure with an attic, there cannot be struts and stretch marks that would be located in the living rooms themselves. For these purposes, they came up with such a shape of the roof (in the form of an attic) with braces and racks above the ceiling of residential premises.

The presence of an attic floor makes it necessary to place a layer of thermal insulation under the roof, and therefore a multi-layer roof appears. Heat-insulating material with an inner lining is usually attached to the rafters (to the inside), and a sheathing is mounted on the outside and a direct roof covering is laid. This requires strengthening roof structures because of the multi-layered roof. This can be done by increasing the number of rafters, while reducing the distance between them. A successful solution to this problem can be considered the use of metal truss structures.

One of the important good points mansard roof can be considered that the arrangement of the attic can be done later, since the space of the resulting attic will no longer require major complex work.

If you have a desire to save money, but at the same time build a two-story mansion, then we recommend that you take a closer look at the mansard type of roof. This is a great option!

Flat roof

Previously, in private housing construction, flat roofs were not popular. But recently, interest in flat roofs has grown again and is in the field of view of modern architects and designers. Flat roofs have unique features due to their flat surface. On such a roof, you can set up a flower garden, arrange a sports ground or a small pool. This solution is especially suitable for areas with a warm climate. Although in central Russia you can apply this roof option if you use a special system of removable canopies. They will be able to protect the desired part or the entire flat roof from annoying precipitation.

There are many most different types similar canopies, but transparent glass structures are especially attractive. They provide additional light to the upper rooms of your house, you can use special lights for evening lighting. And here you can find a great place for solar panels and water heaters, if needed.

The advantages of flat roofs include low construction costs, as the cost decreases due to the reduction in the total roof area and the absence of complex rafter structures.

Many do not dare to build such roofs, fearing problems with drainage. But you should not be afraid of this, the installation of drainage systems from a flat roof is no more difficult to perform than the creation of a storm sewer. And the roof itself should have a slight, barely noticeable slope, so that the water that appears can flow to the drains. Drainage systems are usually organized outside and inside the house.

Many find it convenient to combine storm sewers with internal sewerage buildings, but remember to take into account the rainfall in your area.

The disadvantages of a flat roof include a problem with thermal insulation. It can be difficult to cope with the strong heating of residential premises in the hot season, but it is not difficult to create a cold protection system (as in the version of the mansard roof).

If in a pitched roof the "heat exchanger" is an attic, then in a house with a flat roof it is necessary to create it in a special way. Most importantly, know that between the ceiling of the living rooms and the roof of the roof there must be ventilation, in whatever form you like. Create a small ventilated attic or special ventilation ducts that are best placed under the roofing material.

Less popular, but no less interesting types of roofs of houses

In this section, we will consider what types of roofs are still, in addition to the most popular and widely known among the population of our country. This group represents the types and designs of roofs of unusual and beautiful forms, but requiring practical skills to create them. What are the shapes of the roof original designs and where they can be used, we will briefly present further in the text.

shed roof

shed roof

A characteristic feature of this type of roof is that it has a truss system that rests on walls of different heights, and since one wall is slightly higher than the other, a slope is formed due to this. Such roofs are quite easy to erect, and to cover them, you can use inexpensive and reliable materials, such as ondulin, slate, roofing material. The convenience of such roofs is obvious, precipitation does not accumulate on them, flowing smoothly in the direction of the slope. Therefore, it is quite clear to understand where it is necessary to install drains for water, providing the building with reliable dryness.

The truth and the flaws are obvious. One of the most important is that the room will be without an attic. Today, it is very rare to see private houses that would have a pitched roof.

hipped roof

Usually it has four slopes of identical triangles that converge to one upper point. If you like houses in the shape of an equilateral polygon (for example, a square), then a hipped roof will help you out, which looks like a tent and looks great. However, it is not easy to mount such a roof, it has a very complex truss system.

Multi-gable roof

Multi-gable roof

A standard roof of this type (also called a valley roof) has a very complex structure: a large number of external ribs and valleys (internal corners) at the junction of the slopes. When erecting such a roof, be sure to contact specialists with experience in its installation. A multi-gable roof is used for the construction of polygonal houses, which have many different outbuildings and side attics.

dome roof

Dome-shaped roofs usually cover only part of the building, rarely the entire structure. During its construction, a frame of curved elements is used, and both soft materials (stekloizol, roofing material, bituminous tiles) and flexible materials (galvanized steel or plastic tiles) are used to cover the roof. Some lovers of the old and unique style even today decorate their “castles” with domed roofs of various sizes.

spherical roof

The construction of a spherical roof is becoming a little more popular in recent times. Arbors are usually placed under this type of roof, as well as other types of buildings (stadiums, cathedrals and churches), which also have a roof or a domed type. Therefore, it cannot be said that this type of roof has no application at all.
But still, it loses very significantly to such types of roofing as a gable roof, or a mansard.

green roof

At the green roof, natural soil and planted greenery are used as roofing, while plants grow on the same well-groomed

"Green" roof

soil. The green roof has all the positive properties of flat roofs, but when created

eliminate its main drawback (difficulty with ventilation) with the help of a special ventilation gasket. This gasket not only limits the growth of plant roots, but also allows you to save the water necessary for the life of green spaces. In addition, which is also important, it also serves to aerate the root system of the green lawn.

It can also be considered a plus that a green roof is a very unique phenomenon for almost any area in our country. The popularity of flat roofs will undoubtedly grow from year to year along with the development the latest technologies in this direction. If you have a desire to be the owner of a house with a "fashionable" roof, then create your dream with a beautiful comfortable flat green roof.

Types of roofing in terms of coating materials

Having decided on the type of roof - mansard, gable, and perhaps domed, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials that are best suited for each type. What are the roofs, and what material they are covered with - we will try to answer these questions in this section.

Common today are the five most applicable types of roofing in construction - rolled, from materials based on various mastics, typesetting (sheet), and membrane. Let's consider them in more detail.

Roll roofs

To make this type of roofing, special bituminous and polymeric materials are used, in which the base is cardboard, fiberglass. In the process of manufacturing such materials, special modifiers are added, which then give the entire material water resistance, heat resistance, and other beneficial features. It can also be noted that these additives protect the material from cracks, which of course has a positive effect on their service life.

Roll roofing

When installing such a roof, the roll is unwound and laid in several layers, usually from 3 to 4. But they are not just laid, but glued together with mastic or melted onto each other.

This type of roofing would be versatile, easy to install, very inexpensive, but it has some drawbacks. This material does not have a very attractive appearance, this material can be prone to decay. Therefore, often such roofing material is most often used to cover sheds or other utility rooms, which are usually made with a shed roof.

Membrane roofs

This type of roof covering has very high puncture resistance or different kinds sprains. Membrane coatings are used for laying on roofs with slight slopes. You can cover the roof with this material quite quickly. And excellent protective properties will allow you to keep the roof in its original form for a long time.

Roofing from sheet roofing materials

This type of roofing can be attributed to more than modern views such as metal roofing, artificial slate, made from bitumen and corrugated cardboard sheets.

• Artificial slate can be found on many roofs, it is a sheet of asbestos cement, has a wave shape that can be painted in a variety of colors. The paint, of course, is very adorning, this type of coating, the material acquires a beautiful appearance. Good performance under temperature extremes can also speak in favor of this coating. And the service time is quite long and can be up to 40 years.
• Metal tile is a very popular material today, it can be observed on various types and shapes of roofs, whether it is a hip roof or a mansard. These are galvanized sheets that have a special decorating polymer coating and this coating reliably protects the roof from most types of adverse weather conditions.
• Bitumen-cardboard sheets - made from pressed cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen. The thicker the outer layer, the longer this type of coating will last. Such sheets were also included in the "people" under the name "Euroslate". Its main advantages are ease of working with this material, fairly good elasticity. But in terms of service life, this material loses to the rest. Euroslate "lives" on average 30 years.

Roofs from piece roofing materials

Roof tiles

The main and main representative of piece material can be safely called ceramic tiles. This material is still very popular, although it has already “knocked” several thousand years. Until now, it can be seen on all forms and types of roofs. The performance characteristics of this material are very high. Ceramic tile does not require constant maintenance, meets environmental characteristics, is a soundproof coating. And also has the ability not to accumulate static stress, as in other materials.

Well, the most main feature of this material, in its unique durability. In one of the Western countries there is even an ancient castle, which is many hundreds of years old, and it still stands under a tiled roof, safe and sound.

They say that the disadvantage of ceramic tiles can be called high weight. But on the other hand, it is this quality that allows a roof with such a coating to successfully withstand heavy snow and wind.

To date, ceramic products are gradually being replaced by similar ones from concrete and various mixtures of cement and sand, which are included in the final product. Such analogues may be easier for laying work, but they significantly reduce the life of the material.

Let us briefly mention such a type of material as flexible tiles. It is made of fiberglass, and sometimes cellulose or asbestos cardboard is also used. The inner side is covered with a layer of self-adhesive rubber bitumen, and the front part consists of fine mineral chips. The weight of this cover is very small. And the most important advantage is that it can be easily quickly replaced without resorting to dismantling the entire coating.

Roof made of sandwich panels

Sandwich panel device

It is impossible not to mention such material as sandwich panels. It arose with the recent rapid development of "rapid building" technology. They are made of 2 sheets of steel, as well as one layer of insulation. The panels have very good strength characteristics and, according to manufacturers, can even compete with other materials in terms of resistance to temperature changes, ranging from -50 to +50.

Such panels will look good on roofs of various types and types, but mainly they are used in the field of office construction of buildings, retail space, hangars. If desired, such panels can be safely painted in any color, which, of course, improves the aesthetic appearance of buildings made of this material.

Basically, such panels, due to their modularity, have proven themselves in the construction of sheds, utility rooms for household equipment, but you can also find houses made according to this sandwich panel fashion that came to us from the west.

With the help of sandwich panels, it is quite easy to erect the roof of a building, while inside the room it will be comfortable and warm in winter period and in the summer it will be pleasantly cool. The disadvantages of this material, perhaps, include only a relatively short service life, only 30 years.

Gathering and preparing for the construction of the roof, it is necessary to think through everything to the smallest detail, types and structures of the roof, design and high-quality protection, with or without an attic. And of course, you need to make a choice suitable materials so that the appearance of the roof pleases the soul and eyes!

So, it has long been known that each house can give much more information about its owner than he will tell about himself. The walls of the house, and especially its roof, will tell not only about prosperity, but also about the tastes of its owners. Keep this in mind when choosing a beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, suitable roof for your future home.

Construction never stands still, and every year more and more high-quality roofing materials are invented. In this article you will find a description of the most famous of them. You can evaluate all the pros and cons of each of them and choose the right product for yourself.

What to look for when choosing a roofing material?

To date, the following types of roofing materials can be identified in construction:

• . It is made of ceramics, metal, cement-sand base, bitumen

• Asbestos cement sheets. They are flat or wavy. In construction, this material is often called slate. There are two types - standard and euroslate (ondulin)

• Profiled metal sheets or just corrugated board

• Sheets of metal different kind

• Membrane roof

• Ruberoid

When choosing a particular product, we often choose the best product, but what to look for when buying in a hardware store? Roofing materials, although they consist of different bases, have their own characteristics, so when choosing a purchase, you should look at them.

• Maximum loads. There are two things to think about here. After all, conventionally, such loads can be disassembled into two types. One will show only the mass of the structure itself, and the second indicator will show the mass of snow cover in winter. It is located according to regulatory documents individually for each region of the country
• The purpose of the building. It all depends on how the building will be used. For example, if the building is residential, then it is advisable to create a wooden truss system, in which there will be a certain number of slopes and lay all of them, for example, with ondulin. But if the building is industrial, therefore, the roof will be either flat or with a slight slope, and they will fit
• Service life and fire resistance. If you are a reasonable person, then you will never buy roofing material with a service life of a couple of years or use expensive products on temporary structures.

When you know the warranty periods that manufacturers provide for their roofing materials, it is already easier to navigate. Therefore, I have described the term for the most common types.

• Soft tiles can last you about 20 years
• For a new metal tile, manufacturers are advised to come after 15 years. But here the real time may be less important, it's all about coating the product with polymers
• Standard tiles serve, as a rule, up to 30 years. But in reality, it breaks down much faster. It's about its structure. Although manufacturers give a guarantee for frost resistance, it is almost impossible to change this material because in most cases the destruction occurs due to moisture vapor, but the company will not give a guarantee for this
• The average "life" of slate is 10 years
• Ondulin will last up to 15 years
• Metal roofs occupy almost all time ranges, from 40 years to a century. Copper and its alloy with titanium is the most durable product known today. Only the price scares away, but if you compare it with the service life, then this is justified
• The shelf life of slate as a roof is 40 years

IMPORTANT: The period of operation can be drastically reduced if the installation is incorrect or of poor quality, as well as when already damaged material is laid on the roof.

Most likely, this information will not be enough, and you want to consider in more detail all types of roofing materials for the roof, then let me tell you right now.

Ceramic or standard tiles

Roofing materials can be divided into types by cost, and this roofing will be one of the most expensive, but do not worry, the cost of roof tiles often compensates for their aesthetics and durability.

After all, clay is used as the basis in the production of this product. Finished plates have a mass of two kilograms.

Roofing made of tiles is very durable, while the manufacturer gives a fairly solid guarantee for such roofing materials.

The service life can be up to 150 years, but this is subject to the use of good materials in the manufacture of the product and high-quality installation.

A ceramic roof can be laid in all types of buildings, whether they are made of brick, wood or rubble. The main thing is to get into the range of degrees of inclination. It is 25-60 o and is considered optimal for roofing work with tiles to be carried out as safely as possible, because materials with such a mass are somewhat demanding of themselves.

• A roof structure with a slope of less than 22° requires additional ventilation and waterproofing measures.
• The slope, which is in the range of 22-60 °, allows the fastening of elements using standard methods and materials
• When the slope reaches 60 ° or more, then it is already worth fixing the roofing materials with screws, and you can find how this is done in the photo on the Internet or in our article

Every building product has its positive and negative qualities, so there is not much about it now.

The advantages include:

• Ease of installation work. Despite its severity, such a roof is very easy to install and does not require additional costs during the operation period. All maintenance costs will be associated only with the cleaning of the gutters and a professional preventive inspection.
• High noise protection. Residents with such roofs claim that not even raindrops can be heard.
• No possibility of corrosion
• fire resistance
• Frost resistance
• Wealth of choice color schemes and forms
• The material itself, due to its porous structure, allows you to remove a certain amount of moisture from the attic space.

The cons can be listed as follows:

• Large mass of one element
• Tiles are a fragile product
• Additional costs will be required for the installation of reinforced crates and waterproofing
• The cost is quite high

In addition to standard tiles, there is an analogue in construction, but only a cement-sand mixture is used as the main ingredient. Its use allows you to produce a product that is practically no different in appearance, but with a smaller mass. Judge for yourself, load on one square meter is approximately 30kg when the original product is all 60kg.

The composition is very simple and includes: sand, some iron oxides (as a dye), cement.

The optimal degree of the roof for the installation of this coating is a value of 20-60 o. The device and fasteners are made directly on the crate in rows. Nails are used as fasteners for dressing. To ensure safe operation, I advise you to use rafter legs with a minimum section of 50x150mm.

Cement and sand tiles are quite resistant to solar radiation and are frost-resistant, but, like the original, they are quite expensive and transportation is a difficult process.

Bitumen tiles

Flexible roofing materials separate shingles from bitumen. Such a product is created from fiberglass and polyester. This tile has a modest size of 100x30 cm, has a low weight of only 10 kg per 1 m 2, is quite plastic (you can fold it in half with your own hands) and, at the same time, is resistant to aggressive terrain conditions.

Such a roof is suitable for all types of roof structures, where the slope will be more than 12 o. It is popular with developers of cottages, private houses and on temporary structures - garages, gazebos.

Durability is the main positive quality of this product. Due to its structure, transportation to any distance is possible without the risk of damage to the tiles. Local repair allows you to replace failed elements with new ones. It has a high level of sound absorption and eliminates the possibility of decay.

Bituminous tiles are a budget option when compared with their counterparts. It is highly flammable, making it unsafe. With prolonged exposure to sunlight, it loses its properties.

metal tile

In all types of buildings, due to their structure, the roof and its types differ. Some roofs have a simple structure and roofing materials used for this type may not be suitable for more complex structures. Metal tile is a unique product that allows you to use it on the roof with any complexity.

She doesn't care if it will shopping center or a small pavilion, residential high building or industrial.

Metal tile - galvanized steel in appearance similar to a ceramic counterpart.

As a rule, the surface of such a product is treated with polymeric compounds, which makes it look like noble roofing.

Its installation is carried out on roofs with a slope of more than 15 about. The technological process is quite simple and clear from the first minutes of work. Roofing screws are used as fasteners, which can be freely purchased at a hardware store.

If you are looking for cheap, strong and durable roofing materials, then this is your choice.

Its cost is about three times less than a standard tile, and the characteristics differ slightly.

The obvious advantages of such tiles include resistance to mechanical damage, low weight (3 kg per 1 m 2), and safety of transportation.

But here you can also highlight the bad qualities, and these are: low sound absorption and a large amount of waste during installation.

Asbestos-cement boards or corrugated slate

Slate is the most common material in old-style summer cottages. It is a kind of composite material with a cement base and reinforced with asbestos fibers. To date, such sheets can be found in the form of a rectangular canvas with six waves. As a rule, its size is 120x70cm with a wave height of 2.8cm. Slate is a light material, and the load on the base is only 15kg/m 2 .

The work on laying this type of roofing material is overlapped, and nails with a wide hat are used as fasteners. Directly during the laying process, you should not save on a waterproofing layer, which is often used as roofing material or glassine.

To date, slate coating has faded into the background, but is still popular for use on temporary structures.

This is due to the ratio of price and quality, which allows you to quickly and cost-effectively create a roof, for example, on a barn or garage from gas silicate blocks.

• The positive aspects include high strength characteristics, ease of dividing the product into individual elements, low cost.
• The disadvantages include fragility, environmental hazard, unaesthetic appearance and susceptibility to the appearance of fungi on the surface of the slate.

Decking as a covering on temporary structures

As you already understood, the types of roofing can be completely different, and metal is used as one of the materials. When constructing the roofs of private houses, these materials are often a priority for developers. But what is causing this excitement? Everything is very simple because corrugated board is produced in completely different sizes and shapes, which allows the owners to realize the craziest idea. To date, three types of profiled sheets are distinguished - sinus-shaped, rounded and trapezoidal. Finding additional elements in the form of waves on the surface of the material not only simplifies technological process styling, but also gives some touch of decor.

Decking is widely used on truss systems with a slope of 10 o. The device of sheets on the surface of the crate is made after laying the glassine layer. As fasteners, special self-tapping screws with rubber linings are used in order to create a good tightness. Their consumption, as a rule, is 8-10pcs/m 2 .

Docking of sheets occurs by the technique of "overlapping". The scope of this material is very wide, but most often it can be seen in factories, supermarkets, car washes, etc.

• Ease of installation and low cost is an obvious plus, but at the same time, corrugated board has high strength and durability. Therefore, such a product can be considered very beneficial for roofing installations with a limited budget and time.

Steel roof, made in the form of folds

Surely you know something about what roofing materials are for a roof, and you know that they all have an identical installation process - laying and fastening sheets with bolts or self-tapping screws, but some types of folded roofs are created with already self-latching elements.

This allows you to get rid of unnecessary tools and speed up the flooring process several times.

As for ordinary seam sheets, they look like steel plates. Such material can be coated with polymers, which increases the operating period, or produced without them. The minimum roof slope is 20°. Docking of individual parts occurs with the help of hooks along the edges of the sheet.

Clamps act as fasteners to the crate, and the folds themselves are rolled up using electromechanical units or manually.

These types of roofing materials for the roof are suitable for ennobling churches, estates, industrial buildings, but by looking at photos on the Internet or here on the page, you can be inspired by an interesting idea.

• The advantages include: fire safety, attractive appearance, elasticity, low weight.
• The disadvantages include additional costs for insulation and low resistance to dynamic loads.

Copper and aluminum roofing

Light metal roofing materials definitely good coverage, this may be evidenced by multiple positive reviews on construction portals. Of these, aluminum and copper can be distinguished.

Copper sheets are produced by manufacturers in the form of rectangles 70x110 cm, weight is 7 kg / m 2. The aluminum coating will give even lower pressure and will be 3kg/m 2 . The permissible slope for the installation of such roofs is 15 degrees or more.

Copper and aluminum are quite expensive metals, and, therefore, the roof will not come out cheap, but everything is compensated by its service life. After all, for copper, this is a period of 150 years.

As far as aesthetic properties are concerned, at first copper is a rather aesthetic material and has an attractive appearance, but over time the tones fade and it takes on darker tones.

Note that with the loss of color, the quality of the material remains at a high level, so if this fact does not bother you and you need a durable roof, then this is your choice.

• The advantages of these roofs include the fact that they do not require any maintenance, are non-flammable, environmentally friendly, highly resistant to aggressive atmospheric precipitation (for example, acid rain).
• And the only downside is the cost. Therefore, if you have finances, you should pay attention to this type of coverage.

bituminous slate

Flexible sheets based on cellulose pulp and bitumen are called bituminous slates. The water resistance of such a product is very high, so it has found application as a roofing. The slope of the roof for the installation of this material must be 5 degrees or more.

Sheet sizes are produced everywhere as a standard - 2x1m. Such slate is very widely used by developers of private houses, cafes, restaurants. This material has high flexibility along the wave, so it can often be found on curved roof structures, for example, on a dome.

It is worth noting that there will be practically no production waste left from it, because the extra pieces can be used as a substrate for new roof construction.

Advantages:

• Light weight (5kg/m2)
• Wide range of colors
• Ease of installation

Disadvantages:

• Not durable. When not correct installation strong gusts of wind can damage and warp the material
• It is combustible, which is unacceptable in terms of fire safety
• Low frost resistance

In a modern hardware store, this product can be found at a price of $ 6 per meter. By the way, some sheets of bituminous slate are self-adhesive. This significantly reduces the time of installation work and displays these roofing materials above the standard ones.

Slate roofing

Surely you have heard the concept of shale formations from geography lessons. So, not so long ago, the construction of European countries for the first time laid this material on the roof of their house, which led to the creation of a new round in this industry. The ideal slope for this material is 25 o.

Elements of this type are created only manually and the weight is far from small - 25kg / m 2. Based on such a mass, it can be assumed that the load on the base will be enormous, and, therefore, the crate should be stable. For this, rails with a section of 4x6 cm are suitable, and nails (from 100 mm) as fasteners.

The step of the crate is selected strictly individually. It all depends on the size of the layers themselves. Therefore, it is customary to consider the distance slightly less than half of the formation as a rule. Roofing cake with this type of coating looks like honeycombs, octagons, fish scales. However, this is all unimportant here, and you can try to create your own drawing, for example, a famous logo or a picture.

The terms of operation directly depend on your attentiveness, because if you do not notice a crack in the coating during a routine inspection, you can be fooled and soon change the entire roof. Therefore, if you have damage to some layers, replace them.

Natural materials as a roof over your head

Roofing without buying roofing materials is a recent practice coming from Europe. In these countries, the following types of natural materials have long been practiced as roofing:

• Straw
• Wood
• reeds

These types, as a rule, are not used in regular construction. They are used to give their atmosphere in restaurants by the sea, hotels, various bars and hotels. A sociological survey shows that people are more impressed with natural material than with a colorful facade and new lights.

Of course, the cheapest roofing material is roofing material, and the most expensive is considered to be an alloy of copper and titanium., but there are some nuances here. If you lay the roof with roofing material for 100 years, then during this period you will incur expenses for it somewhere around 7-8 times. It takes into account the number of repairs and complete replacement of the coating. If you use an alloy, then not only will you not have to repair or replace anything, you will still have 50 years to spare. Which, of course, will pay for such material.

Inexpensive and lightweight roofing materials allow you to quickly cover a temporary structure and at the same time use a small amount of finance. After all, ease of installation is also one side of the savings.

As a conclusion, I can say that no matter what roofing materials you use, they must always fulfill the tasks you set. There are many constructions on which one type is allowed to be used, but on the other it is completely unacceptable. Choose only high-quality products from reliable manufacturers, so that later you do not have to do repairs again.

Roofing materials are used in the construction of any building. To cover the roof today, a variety of their types are used. Some of them are suitable for country mansions and cottages, others - for outbuildings, and others - for city houses. To choose the right roofing materials, you need to have a clear understanding of the properties of each of them. In this article, we will consider the main criteria for choosing a material, as well as popular types of coatings.

What to consider when choosing the right materials

• General roof loads. It must withstand the effects of wind, as well as a lot of precipitation. The weight of the coating is selected in such a way that there is no excessive load on the truss system.
• Material characteristics. These include resistance to corrosion, fire safety, mechanical strength, durability, etc.
• roof configuration. For roofs of complex geometric shapes, you need to choose the appropriate material.
• The purpose of the building. The material is selected depending on the type of building (residential building, outbuilding, etc.).
• Price. It is also one of the decisive factors and affects the final cost of the coating and its installation.

Sheet roofing

metal tile

Externally, this roof covering looks very beautiful. It can be easily confused with expensive ceramic tiles. The roofing material is made of cold-rolled steel sheet (- mm thick) with zinc coating and protective varnish. The finished sheet has a mass of 3-5 kg ​​per 1 m 2 . it is used as a roof for the roofs of industrial buildings, private houses, as well as for kiosks, garages, etc. Often, a flat roof is framed with a metal tile (it is laid at a slope), resulting in a false roof. The main advantages of the material include the speed and ease of fastening, relatively low weight, convenient transportation and affordable price.

Decking

It is made of cold rolled steel with hot dip galvanization. Sheets can be corrugated and rectangular. On all sides, the material is covered with a zinc or alu-zinc layer. On top there is additional polymer protection. The professional flooring happens in the form of a wave, a trapezoid, and also a rectangle. Roofing is a profiled sheet of the following grades: H57, H60, C8, HC35, C21, C44. Such roofing materials can be used in the construction of outbuildings (sheds, garages, etc.). Often they cover the roofs of shops, industrial enterprises, car washes. The advantages of roofing material are easy installation, high strength, long service life and low price.

Ondulin

This coating is also called aqualin and euroslate. Ondulin consists of thin cellulose fibers impregnated with bitumen and various polymeric additives. The coating is painted with heat-resistant polymer paint (in 1 or 2 layers) and looks quite attractive. The sheets have a mass of approximately 6.5 kg. Usually they are made in the form of waves. Ondulin can be used to cover sheds, garages and baths. The material bends easily, so it is perfect for organizing complex roofs. Advantages of the roofing material: high ability to withstand heavy loads, water resistance, environmental friendliness, hygiene, noiselessness (the sound of drops is almost inaudible even in heavy rain), low weight, easy transportation and installation.

Slate

It is one of the most affordable roofing materials. The coating consists of Portland cement and asbestos. A standard sheet has a mass of 10-15 kg. Slate can have 6, 7 and 8 waves. They usually cover street toilets, sheds, as well as other buildings for household purposes. The main advantages of the material include low cost, incombustibility, ease of processing and bending strength.

seam roof

It is made of flat steel sheets (galvanized or not, with or without a polymer protective layer), which do not allow moisture to linger on the roof. The roof got its name because of the special connection of the sheets - the fold. It can be standing and lying, single and double. In width, the sheets are fastened together with recumbent folds, in length - with standing folds. Such a roof is one of the most reliable ways of arranging a roof. With it, you can achieve a tight connection of metal sheets. Roofing material also has an attractive appearance and durability. It does not burn, has a small mass, withstands low temperatures and is characterized by high flexibility. Thanks to the latest quality, they can cover roofs of even complex geometric shapes. Seam roofing can be used to organize the roofs of cathedrals and manor-type houses. It can also cover industrial buildings.

Soft roof

Flexible roof tiles

For its manufacture, fiberglass is taken and impregnated with bitumen with a modifier. After that, slate or basalt chips are applied to the roofing materials. The latter protects against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation, gives color and volumetric pattern. From the inside, a self-adhesive layer of bitumen with a polymer is applied to the tile. usually used for roofs of complex geometric shapes, as well as for finishing the attic. Advantages of flexible tiles: attractive appearance, flexibility, resistance to corrosion and condensation, noiselessness.

Roll built-up roofing

It is also called glass isol or hydroisol. Such roofing materials are made on the basis of fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester. The base is poured with oxidized bitumen, for durability and elasticity, a modifier is added to it: APP (atactic polypropylene) or SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene). After that, a layer of polymer is applied and a topping is made of fine shale, sand or mica. The coating is used on flat roofs of high-rise buildings (industrial and residential). In a private house, it is used for the construction of waterproofing. Advantages: moisture and fire resistance, environmental friendliness, low price and low weight.

Flat membrane roof

It has a thickness of 0.8-2 mm and can be of 3 types: TPO (thermoplastic olefins or polyolefins), EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The latter is not environmentally friendly, but can reliably protect against ultraviolet radiation and is not subject to combustion. EPDM membranes are durable and environmentally friendly. TPO membranes are also safe for human health, as they consist of thermoplastic olefins with mesh reinforcement. Such roofing materials are used on flat roofs of public and residential buildings. Main advantages: high moisture resistance and chip strength, quick installation, large width, which allows you to cover different types of roofs.

Piece roofing materials

Ceramic tiles

Tiles are made of clay by high-temperature firing. After that, it becomes very strong and hard and acquires a beautiful brown color with a reddish tinge. Some types of tiles are glazed before firing. This is necessary to increase its water-repellent properties. Finished roofing materials (tiles) have a mass of 2 kg, a length and width of about 30 cm. There are many types: tape flat and grooved, one- and two-wave, stamped grooved, ceramic ordinary, grooved. Such roofing materials are used to cover roofs in brick, stone and wooden houses. Among the advantages: incombustibility, optimal sound insulation, resistance to temperature extremes, corrosion, aesthetics, economical operation (gutter cleaning and maintenance are carried out once a year).

Sand-cement tiles

This coating is made from a solution of sand with cement, which is pressed under pressure. Iron oxides act as a dye. They make the tiles look like ceramic tiles. Glaze is applied on top of the product (sometimes there is no coating). The surface of the tile is smooth or has a convex profile pattern. The tile has a mass of approximately 35-40 kg (per 1 m 2). Roofing is suitable for houses made of stone, brick or wood. Advantages: resistance to ultraviolet, chemicals, and also to low temperatures.

slate roof

The coating is made from natural material - slate. The tile has a thickness of 4 mm and a weight of up to 25 kg (per 1 m 2). The roof is made by hand. The width of one tile is 15-30 cm, the length is 20-60 cm. Such a roof is suitable for the roofs of any houses. Advantages: very long service life, beautiful appearance, moisture and fire resistance, frost resistance.

Self-leveling roof

This coating is also called mastic roofing. It is a special type of membrane. It is a viscous liquid made on the basis of oligomers. Mastic roofing hardens in the air. It turns into an elastic film and has excellent adhesion to metal, concrete and bitumen. It is on these surfaces that it should be applied. It is best used in regions with harsh winters or very hot summers. Bulk roofing can be unreinforced, reinforced or combined. Advantages: quick installation, environmental friendliness, no seams, frost and fire resistance, high degree of moisture protection.

Roof installation. Metal tile. Seam roof installation instructions.

In individual construction, various types of roofs are used, and the choice is determined various factors, including :

• decorative qualities and compliance with the chosen style of construction;
• smart home solution (including the geometric shape of the box, the presence of internal bearing walls etc.);
• climatic features of the construction region;
• the level of complexity of installation;
• load on wall structures and foundation;
• the use of certain roofing materials;
• the possibility of insulating the structure, etc.

Main types of roofs

According to the design of the roof can be divided into two types:

• Attic roofs - with an overlap at the level of the upper part of the walls, which separates the space under the roof from the rooms located below. This is a classic option for cold climates, as the ceiling can be insulated to reduce heat loss at home. In addition, the space under the roof is suitable for use as an additional utility room or turning it into a living space (this requires insulating the roof system).
• Non-attic (combined) roofs - there is no additional ceiling covering, the ceiling of the lower floor is the roof structure itself, flat or pitched. More suitable for warm climates, as in harsh climatic conditions it is more difficult to prevent heat loss through such a roof.

attic roof

If we consider what types of roofs are according to the level of slope and roof configuration, we can distinguish systems:

In turn, pitched roofs by design are:

• lean-to;
• gable (gable);
• mansard (broken gable roofs);
• tented;
• hip and semi-hip;
• multi-forceps;
• conical;
• domed;
• combined;
• free outlines.

Each type of roof has its own advantages and disadvantages, operational features. Let's consider them in more detail.

flat roofs

For individual housing construction, flat roofs are uncharacteristic for a number of reasons, including:

• architectural inexpressiveness, when it comes to the construction of standard rectangular outlines;
• high requirements for roof waterproofing;
• the need for high bearing capacity roofing system, if we are talking about an exploited roof or construction in regions that are characterized by increased snow loads.

But today, flat roofs are increasingly being built by private developers. This is primarily due to the popularity of Art Nouveau, minimalism and high-tech styles. At the same time, for the architectural expressiveness of the building, a combination of volumes of various parts of the structure is usually used. Another reason for the growing interest in flat roofs has been the emergence of durable and reliable waterproofing materials on the construction market.

flat roof house

The advantages of flat roofs include the possibility:

• set up a recreation area sports activities etc.;
• create a winter garden or greenhouse;
• install a wind generator or other equipment to increase the comfort and economic efficiency of the house.

In addition, flat roofs are easier and safer to maintain - to clear snow, repair the roof or troubleshoot equipment installed on it.

Shed roofs

If we compare what are the roofs of houses and outbuildings, it can be noted that in the second case, shed roof systems are used more often. This type of roof is characterized by the simplest design - the rafter legs rest on the edges of the walls (or special supports) located at different heights. The angle of inclination of the slope depends on the height difference and the length of the span.

Shed roofs are most often installed on buildings of small size, since with a large roof area it is necessary to increase the angle of inclination in order to ensure effective drainage. And this turns into an increased windage of the roof.

If we are talking about a residential building, then for the architectural expressiveness of the building I often use the technique when two (or more) shed roofs over different parts of the building visually imitate a gable (or multi-gable) structure.

Shed roof

The benefits of pitched roofs include:

• simplicity of calculations and installation work;
• cost-effectiveness (minimum materials are used);
• light weight (suitable for buildings on lightweight foundations).

If the pitch angle is relatively small, roof maintenance is safer compared to other types of pitched structures.

The disadvantages of this type of system include the limited attic space - it is difficult to fully use it for economic purposes and it is more difficult to insulate it with high quality.

Gable structures

When answering the question of what kind of roofs there are on private houses, most people will first of all remember a gable roof, which is also called a gable roof. Its design is quite simple - two identical slopes rest with their lower part on opposite walls (or beams laid across them), and in the upper part they are connected in a ridge.

The advantage of this system is the following:

• the truss structure is quite easy to calculate and mount;
• the space under the slopes can be used for storing things or for other economic purposes, including for installing ventilation and other equipment;
• if desired, the attic is converted into a living space;
• due to the rather steep slope of the slopes (usually 15-60 degrees, depending on atmospheric loads in the region and the selected coating material), snow and rain moisture easily comes off the roof;
• financial investments in a gable structure are relatively small;
• a gable roof house looks aesthetically pleasing.

However, it is worth noting that a gable roof is suitable for relatively small buildings, since the roof area grows noticeably with an increase in the dimensions of the house box.

gable roof

Gable roofs are not only gable, that is, isosceles. To add individuality to the building, you can make an asymmetric roof, the slopes of which differ in size and angle of inclination. However, in this case, a professional calculation of the truss system is required, the load on which will be unevenly distributed.

Mansard roofs

Mansard roofs usually mean "broken" gable structures. In this case, each ramp consists of two parts located at different angles, with the lower one being mounted almost vertically. The peculiarity of the truss system is that it allows you to expand the usable space of the attic, as if continuing the walls of the house up.

The financial investment in this type of system is 25-30% higher than for the installation of a gable roof, but the gain in terms of the functionality of the building is much greater, since a full-fledged residential floor is practically added. And in comparison with the construction of a full-fledged two-story house you can significantly save money, since the installation and insulation of the roofing system will cost much cheaper than arranging a reinforced foundation and erecting walls on the second floor.

mansard roof

When arranging such a roof, it is important to consider the following points:

• insulation of the attic will reduce the heat loss of the lower rooms of the house, but the under-roof space needs high-quality ventilation, since the use of vapor-tight materials (a heat insulator made of foamed polymer or a special membrane that protects mineral wool from moisture) is inevitable;
• if windows are cut into the roof slopes, high-quality daylight can be provided;
• when using special furniture, you can maximize the use of space in the "dead" zones between the vertical walls of the room and the slopes.

A mansard roof can replace an existing gable roof, provided that the walls and foundation are able to withstand the increased load.

hipped roofs

Visually, the design is four identical isosceles triangles, the vertices of which converge at one point, and the bases lie on the walls of the building.

Hip roof

Hipped roofs (pyramidal) structures are ideal for erecting on houses whose box is square in shape. Their advantages include:

• high resistance to atmospheric loads;
• attractive appearance;
• the ability to use almost any roofing material.

The disadvantage is the increased requirements for system calculations and installation work. In order for the truss system to withstand loads and evenly distribute them to the walls of the house, its supporting frame must be made strictly symmetrical.

hip roofs

Hip structures primarily became widespread in Northern Europe, in regions that are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Like tent structures, hip systems have four slopes, but they are not the same, but are symmetrical in pairs. On the short sides of the house, the slopes are triangular, on the long sides they are trapezoidal, which converge in the ridge in the upper part.

The hip roof will not be torn off even by a heavy wind; due to long overhangs, it reliably protects the walls of the house from precipitation. The attic under such a roof is quite spacious, and if desired, it is possible to equip an attic there by installing windows in the roof.

A variety of hip structures is half-hip roofs. They differ in that the triangular slopes are approximately half as long as the lateral trapezoidal ones and open the upper part of the pediment. Such roofs are used on two-three-story buildings, in this case, the upper (mansard) floor has windows only on the gables, since the side parts are covered with a roof.

Half hip roof

Hip and semi-hip types of roofs for a private house are difficult to install, as they require increased accuracy when calculating the truss system and installing the frame. You should also take into account the increased consumption of materials for the construction of the frame and laying the roofing cake. But it is worth noting that buildings with such roofs look solid and respectable.

Multi-forceps designs

The original roof can be created by combining several gable structures with each other. The most common option is to install small gable roofs over skylights on the gables and slopes of the roof of the house. Also, separate gable roofs can be erected over each of the parts of the box of a house of complex configuration, which as a whole creates a unique ensemble.

It should be noted that the calculation and installation of multi-gable structures must be entrusted to professionals, since a complex truss system must correctly distribute the load on building structures.

Multi-gable roof

The weak point of multi-gable roofs is the waterproofing of valleys and junctions, which abound in the design. Such a roof requires increased attention during installation and the use of the most reliable waterproofing materials.

conical roofs

Such structures in a "solid" form are usually crowned with round or polygonal towers, round houses. Incomplete cones are used to create a roof over a protruding bay window, in which case it is especially difficult to pair the conical roof element with the roof truss system over the main part of the house.

conical roof

Not all roofing materials are suitable for arranging a coating on a conical roof. First of all, you can use:

• rolled bituminous materials with a decorative and protective coating;
• bituminous tiles;
• natural tiles;
• copper or wooden "scales";
• slate, limestone;
• reeds and other plant materials.

dome roofs

Understanding what roofs are on private houses, one cannot fail to mention domed roofs. There are two main varieties:

1. insulated roof (with window structures or "blank") as part of a domed house;
2. a panoramic glazed (or partially glazed) structure above a part of a house of complex architecture.

The frame of the dome system in the first case can be made of wood. Fully glazed domes are made of metal (steel or aluminum) structures, and require professional engineering calculations and competent manufacture of the frame, which must successfully withstand atmospheric loads.

Can be used as translucent filling:

• reinforced or laminated glass (during the destruction of these materials, dangerous fragments are not formed, but their light transmission is not the highest);
• triplex (completely safe, transmits light well);
• plastic materials - polycarbonate, transparent slate, plexiglass (they are lightweight and safe in case of destruction, but the resistance of each of these materials to ultraviolet radiation and light transmission properties should be taken into account).

Dome roof

The panoramic dome roof is difficult not only to install, but also to maintain. The glazing must be washed regularly from the outside, as dust will settle on its surface. In winter, the upper part of the dome will be covered with snow and ice, unless a special heating system is provided.

The advantages of domed roofs include:

• originality and aesthetic appearance;
• increased thermal efficiency of insulated structures - the shape of the dome contributes to the uniform distribution of heat, there are no freezing corners in the room;
• glazed structures make it possible to create an original winter garden or a room for stargazing.

Combined roofs

Houses of complex architecture with a variable number of storeys, replete with towers, bay windows and other elements, require the construction of a combined roof. During the development of the project, specialists need to competently combine several types of roofing into a single harmonious ensemble.

Combined roof

At the same time, the roof should be not only aesthetic and original, but first of all, reliable and durable. For laying roofing, a material is selected that is equally suitable for flat and convex surfaces. Most often these are piece materials (natural tiles, slate) or flexible bituminous tiles.

Roofs of "free" forms

There are roofs of private houses that are difficult to classify. We are talking about original architectural solutions, when the roof as a whole and most of its parts do not have a strict geometric shape. The roof surface has smooth curves, due to which the slopes necessary for the removal of rain and melt water are formed.

Free Form Roof

Houses with such roofs are designed as close as possible to the free natural outlines, and completely natural materials are used to create the roofing - primarily slate. This type of roofing can also include grassy coverings of houses built close to the slope of the hill (and partly inside it), if the vegetation on the roof forms a single carpet with a natural cover in the areas adjacent to the house.

Conclusion

Modern materials enable a private developer to implement projects of any complexity. When choosing the type of roof, it is important to evaluate the financial side of the issue, the complexity of installation (if it is planned to build on your own), the functionality of the roof and the durability of the materials from which it is planned to perform roofing cake. The shape of the roof, the material and colors of the coating, largely determine the appearance of the house, create its individual "character".

Types of roofs for a private house

Types of roofs of private houses by design. What are the types of roofs constructive solution and form of execution for a private house.

Varieties of the roof of houses and their characteristics

Popular roof configurations

In modern private construction, there are a great many varieties of roofs of houses, and in our material we will talk about their most popular options. It is possible to divide such important roof structures depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.

Tilt angle

First, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with what the forms of the roof are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:

1. Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. On the positive side, inexpensive installation and a small amount of consumables can be noted here. On this design, you can equip an open-air terrace, which can also be attributed to the advantages.
2. Pitched, with an angle of inclination of 10 degrees or more. Such samples are easy to use, and therefore their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.

Choosing the type of roof depending on the angle of inclination

Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:

• lean-to;
• gable steep;
• gable gentle;
• gable attic with a broken configuration;
• four-slope semi-hip;
• four-pitched hipped roofs;
• four-slope hip.

The most convenient in the implementation include single-pitched roof structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them on garages, sheds and other outbuildings.

What are the types of roofing

If you need to build an attic, give preference to a mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical, they adequately withstand the wind load, but their installation cannot be called simple.

It will require materials in large quantities, and you can not do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.

In order for the design to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay Special attention her design.

Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics

Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic features of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to detailed review presented in modern construction options.

gable

This type is the most popular and has been built in our country since ancient times. Another name for a structure with two slopes, which rest on walls of the same height, is a “gable roof”. Installation here is more complicated than that of a single-slope version, but the facing materials here can be completely different, which allows you to satisfy any design requirements of the developer.

Diagram of a gable design device

In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which repeats the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word "hips" (frontal triangular slopes).

Approximate diagram of a hip roof

During the installation process, beams are installed here using a double tightening and drains are necessarily mounted at an angle of 45 degrees on each slope. The construction of such structures requires additional efforts and skills, because the construction of the truss system in this case is quite complicated.

Half hip

This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Of the shortcomings, it is fashionable to note only additional costs for materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the roof ribs. Such structures are well used in regions with a windy climate.

Scheme of a semi-hip structure

Attic (broken lines)

Another type of gable samples, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase the attic space, called the attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not cause any particular difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to face is to buy materials for warming the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of an ordinary attic that is not intended for living.

Scheme of a broken attic structure

On average, the cost of building a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make the most of the usable building area and get two-storey house with virtually the same level.

Forgotten for a while, these types of roofs of houses are gradually returning to construction thanks to the unusual design solutions of modern architects. flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or outdoor mini pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. The transparent dome will provide space natural light, and in the evening, lighting fixtures will help out. Here you can also install solar panels and water heaters, if you need them, of course.

Diagram of a flat roof device

Of the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Do not forget about a high-quality storm system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without a trace, besides, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the shortcomings, there may be problems with thermal insulation, and here we are primarily talking about heating the plane in the summer heat, but you can fight the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.

If the structure of the roof with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options cannot boast of such a feature, therefore, in case of urgent need, you will have to resort to its construction separately.

The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, no matter what shape it will be.

It is possible to equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts that will hide the roof truss and cladding materials.

Less popular roof types

In addition to the most common roof structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, albeit less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from those specimens that we considered above, but from this they can be no less beautiful. It is necessary to approach the creation of such samples seriously, because their implementation may be feasible only for professionals.

Shed

A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to build, and any, even the most inexpensive materials, are suitable for their cladding.

Shed roof scheme

As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to equip the attic or attic, and perhaps that is why today it is rare to find shed specimens on new houses.

The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically arranged triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build it because of the overly sophisticated truss system.

Roof truss system

Multi-forceps

It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex truss systems. Many external and internal corners at the junctions of two slopes are not easy to install, moreover, the valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.

Scheme of a multi-gable roof

Wealthy people who build polygonal houses with a large number of outbuildings and attic rooms can afford multi-gable samples.

These types of roofs are rare cases cover the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building and are mainly installed above its part. To mount the frame, you will need flexible elements, and a flexible or soft lining is suitable as a decorative coating. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, transferring it to their home.

Scheme of the dome structure

spherical

Recently, spherical roofs are slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this rarely applies to residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, church buildings, so that we can observe these types of construction almost every day.

The structure of the spherical structure

The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil, in which plants are planted that serve as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Here you can note all the positive qualities of flat samples, improved by a special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, they always have enough moisture for irrigation, and besides, conditions are created here for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.

green structure diagram

The undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to meet such green living structures, if possible. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantations on the tops of houses will get much greater distribution. Do you want to stand out from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of plants in the open air? Then a green roof will suit you and you will be able to enjoy its beauty.

Decorative cladding: what to choose?

In addition to personal preferences and financial capabilities, in this matter, you need to take into account design features that can both limit your choice and allow you to expand it. To date, the following materials are most common:

All these roofing materials differ from each other in technical specifications, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure using different technologies, so before choosing, you should carefully read their description, manufacturer's recommendations and warnings. If you carefully approach this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof structure, you can create reliable protection and at the same time decoration for your home.

Roofs of houses: varieties and configurations

When building houses, there are many options for roofing. Consider in this article the most popular types of roofs of houses.

Types of roofs of private houses by design and geometric shapes

Roof modern home- this is not just a cover for it, existing in order to protect it from rain, snow and sunlight. The roof is a kind of continuation of the house in architectural terms, thanks to which its general appearance is formed. Moreover, its overall comfort depends on what type of roof is installed on the house.

Although, the roof should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. In principle, there are numerous types of roofs for private houses, but the most common are only a few of them, which will be discussed in this article.

Roofs depending on design features

So, speaking in general, all roofs, according to their features, are structurally divided into pitched and flat. Both of them have a number of advantages and disadvantages.

1. For example, at present, flat-type roofs are practically not used in the process of building residential private houses. The reason lies in the fact that the slope of 3 degrees, which has a roof of this type, leads to the fact that precipitation does not “roll” off it well. And this means that there is no need to talk about the good reliability of a flat roof. And in terms of design, a flat roof loses a lot to a pitched one. Therefore, in most cases, a flat roof is equipped if it is planned to organize any additional space on it, such as a pool, front garden or terrace.

Flat roof construction. Photo – jwroof.com

2. A pitched roof is much more practical in this regard, which has several advantages over a flat roof. A sufficient slope angle contributes to the fact that the roof is independently cleared of water and snow, and in general is a more reliable structure than a flat roof. Under such a roof, you can easily make an attic or attic. Despite a number of advantages, the pitched roof also has some disadvantages, which are associated with the high cost of construction and the complexity of its repair during operation.

Pitched roof structure.

Attic and non-attic pitched roofs

In fairness, it should be said that the owner of the future house is trying to choose any 1 of the several proposed options for roofs of houses. Those. either an attic-type structure or a non-attic (mansard) structure.

1. The roof of the attic type is distinguished by its simplicity of construction, so such a roof can be easily built even on your own. Very often, the angle of the attic roof slope depends on the type of roofing material. In this case, one should take into account both the load that such a roof must hold, and the cost building material during its construction. In addition, this type provides for the possibility of repair without replacing the entire roof. If the choice is made in favor of the attic roof, then you must immediately decide whether the attic will be used in the future or not. Those. it is from this decision that the choice of the upper floor of the attic will depend, which can be either wooden or reinforced concrete.

The attic roof is shared with the whole room.

2. Another type of roof is mansard. She is also unrepentant. Its main difference from other types of attic roofs in private houses is that the outer walls in this case will be roof structures. Such a roof is very original, so the appearance of the house itself will be very unusual. And everything would be fine, but the working area of ​​​​the attic in this case is reduced, and the process of erecting a mansard roof is very difficult and it is not easy to cope with it without the appropriate experience.

Mansard roof from the inside.

As a rule, a non-attic roof has some kind of kink, therefore, in order to strengthen it, it is necessary to put wooden supports from the inside. However, with due imagination, you can also benefit from this if you sheathe such props with plywood and turn it all into useful lockers and niches for temporarily unnecessary things.

Varieties of pitched roofs according to geometric shapes

In addition, the design features of roofs can determine the various forms of roofs of private houses.

shed roof

At the moment, the shed roof is considered the simplest and cheapest. This is a flat view of a roof that rests on walls that have different height. As a result, the slope of the roof occurs in one direction. Usually it is most often used in the construction of sheds, garages and other outbuildings. But often it can be seen on country houses. For all its merits, the main disadvantage of such a roof is that it is impossible to equip an attic in a house with such a roof. Yes, and her appearance leaves much to be desired.

The house is covered with a pitched roof.

Gable roof

A 2-pitched roof is common in villages and small towns. This type of roof has come down to our days since ancient times. As you might guess, such a roof consists of 2 slopes connected to each other with the help of a “ridge”. It is interesting that such slopes are both symmetrical with respect to each other, and differ from each other by the angle of inclination or length. Under such a roof, you can easily equip an attic or attic. This type of roof can be safely considered the most practical and most common. Parts of the walls of the building, which limit the attic space on both sides, are called gables.

One of the most common types of roofs is a pitched roof.

hip roof

If instead of pediments 2 slopes of a triangular shape are installed, then this roof is called a hip roof, and the slopes themselves are called hips. The upper part of the slopes has dormer windows. If we compare this type of roof with the one discussed above, then it is much more difficult to build it. Therefore, the construction of such a roof must be trusted only to professionals. But the resistance of such roofs to precipitation and strong winds- simply phenomenal.

Example of a house with hip roof.

Half hip roof

The semi-hip roof type is considered an intermediate link between the 2-pitched and hip roofs. The end gables in this case are made in the form of a trapezoid, and their top is covered with half hips. As a rule, in such roofs on the pediment, you can place a completely full-fledged window, and the half-hips themselves are quite interesting decorative elements.

There is another type of half-hip roof, when the lower part of the pediment is simply covered by a slope. This makes it possible to ensure the correct triangular shape of the remaining part of the pediment, in which the dormer window is usually organized. If you judge such a roof by its appearance, then it is of great interest to designers.

On the left is the first type, on the right is the second type of hip roof.

hipped roof

The hip roof has another variety, which is called the hipped roof. Structurally, it has 3 or more slopes converging at one upper point. This type of roof does not have a ridge, and the symmetry of the slopes in relation to each other is simply amazing. If the house has the shape of a regular polygon or square, then it usually uses a hip roof type. In terms of wind resistance, this type of roof has performed quite well. In addition, from the point of view of design ideas, there are few alternatives to such roofs.

An example of a hipped roof.

Multi-gable roof

If the building has the shape of a complex polygon, then it is usually covered with a multi-gable roof. Such roofs are very complex structurally due to their complex system of rafters. However, with the successful design of such a roof, a very unique design can be created.

An example of a multi-gable roof.

broken roof

The types of mansard roofs of private houses often include a broken type of roof. Such a roof is sometimes called a mansard roof. They have a rather large angle of inclination of the fracture, which allows you to more fully use the usable area of ​​the attic in the building.

Sloped roof option.

Domed and conical roofs

Domed and conical roofs are very rare when it comes to private residential buildings. As a rule, these structures are rounded structures, however, they do not cover all the premises of the house, but only its individual elements, which, for example, include round verandas or decorative turrets.

Domed roofs on the left and conical roofs on the right.

Combined roofs

But the most complex design is the combined types of roofs. In simpler terms, such roofs are combinations of a multi-gable, hipped, half-hip design. Despite this, if the cottage has a combined roof, then its very unusual appearance attracts attention, because it has a large number of dormer windows, covered small balconies, as well as open and closed type. And everything would be fine, but such roofs are not easy to build and maintain in the future.

An example of a combined roof.

Be that as it may, but roofs, regardless of their shape or type, are constantly being improved and supplemented with new elements.

Types of roofs of private houses, their shapes and options Photo

We present to your attention all possible types of roofs of private houses that differ both in design features and in forms. Consider all the pros and cons of one form or another of the roof of a private house and in what cases they can be used to cover your house.

Types of roofs for a private house

The roof of the house is one of the key elements of its reliability, strength, thermoregulation and presentable appearance. There are various types of roofs of private houses, which differ in configuration, the type of roofing materials involved, and the complexity of construction. The roof is an important load-bearing structure of the house, designed to protect it from precipitation and external influences, so it must be strong, stable and durable. Yes, and aesthetic qualities play an important role, because a well-chosen configuration and design of the roof will set the tone for the entire building, becoming its hallmark.

Forms and types of roofs of private houses

At the design stage, you should choose the right roof structure, based on the shape of the house and its purpose. Roofs are divided into types that differ in the number of hips and slopes. The main types of roofs that are in modern construction:

Shed- simplicity of design and comparative cheapness of execution makes this type of roof popular. Used for outbuildings, warehouses and garages. Rarely - for a private house.

gable- the classic version of the roof, which consists of two parts. Gives you the opportunity to equip the attic.

flat- It is used mainly in the climatic zone, where a small amount of precipitation is provided. Otherwise, water will accumulate on the surface of the roof and flow into the house.

hip roof- It is also called a four-slope. Differs in a difficult design and high operational characteristics.

Half hip, the Danish roof can be gable (mansard) or four-pitched.

Shatrovaya- a kind of hip roofs for private houses, the design resembles a tent. Differs in simplicity of installation and high functionality.

Multi-forceps- consists of tongs, many valleys, gables and blocks. Provides a natural stack of rain and melt water.

dome or cone the roof is used mainly on round and multi-faceted buildings.

Roofs of complex combination- are installed in private houses on two floors, with extensions and utility rooms. Installation of such a roof is only possible for experienced professionals.

Unusual roof shape

Flat roof

The choice in favor of a flat-shaped roof is very rare, because it accumulates snow too quickly, retains a stack of water, and is easily deformed if the load during installation was incorrectly calculated. This type of roofing is preferred in hot climates where rainfall is rare. It is also used to cover multi-storey buildings and industrial buildings.

Flat roofs are popular with high-tech houses.

The advantages of a flat roof include:

Its smaller area compared to pitched, so less roofing material goes to it.

Installation and service work on a flat roof can be carried out without problems.

A flat roof allows you to get an additional usable area that can be used as a terrace, a place for sports, arrange a winter garden, build a gazebo with a fireplace.

Installation of this design is quick, as well as repair.

In a mild climate, you can arrange a flat roof under the garden

Shed roofs

A pitched roof has a flat surface that slopes to one side. Very often it is arranged on walls of different heights. When installing this, it is very important to choose the right amount of slope so that part of the building is located towards the winds.

The simplest version of a pitched roof

Advantages of a shed roof:

Low cost compared to attic or domed;

The possibility of subsequent completion of the floors without grandiose dismantling;

Easy installation of chimneys and stacks;

A wide range of roofing materials;

High area utilization rate;

Possibility to mount a balcony and huge windows from ceiling to floor.

Also very popular for modern style homes

There are no special drawbacks to a shed roof, except for it

Not very presentable.

However, if you correctly design the structure, combine several slopes at different levels, then you get a completely attractive roof. The correct selection of material is also important - if you choose, for example, a metal tile, then you get a beautiful slope geometry, but the profiled sheet will turn the house into a barn.

gable roofs

The gable roof structure is most often used for a private house in our climate zone. The angled design prevents water and snow from accumulating. The angle of the pitched roof is determined based on the level of precipitation in the current region - the more precipitation, the greater the angle of the pitched roof.

Gable roof scheme

Advantages of a gable roof:

Practicality and the ability to equip the attic;

No need to clean snow and water manually;

Wide design possibilities;

Most roofing materials are focused on a gable roof;

Low cost and speed of construction.

Classic version of the house with a gable roof

The disadvantages of a gable roof in a private house include:

A large number of roofing materials that will be needed for its construction.

If you plan to build an attic, then you need to take care of increasing the number of windows, which will complicate the construction of a gable roof.

hip roof

The hip roof consists of four planes, which are located at an angle. Such a roof is considered one of the varieties of a hipped roof.

hip roof scheme

Benefits of a hip roof:

It is not subject to deformation in places of eaves canopies;

original appearance;

Can withstand strong winds;

Possibility to equip an attic or attic;

Well protects the facade from precipitation, thanks to the installation of additional overhangs.

Photo of a house with a hip roof

The disadvantage of a hip roof is:

The complexity of its installation, the complexity of laying roofing materials;

Due to the slopes, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic space is reduced.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are also called Dutch. In our country, such designs are not used as often as in Europe.

3D sketch of a hipped roof

Advantages of semi-hip roofs:

Resistant to wind and even hurricane due to the streamlined shape;

Reliably protects the walls and gables of the house from snow and rain;

The ability to equip a residential or attic space under the roof;

Original and unusual design.

House with a hipped roof

The disadvantages of a roof of this form include:

The difficulty of its installation, a large number of ribs and valleys;

A large number of necessary lumber;

Complicated roofing - builders have to install a lot of stops and struts.

hipped roofs

The tent-shaped roof is one of the varieties of pitched roof types. Consists of four equal slopes of a triangular shape.

Photo of a house with a hipped roof

This version of the roof wins over the gable roof, due to a higher level of functionality and decorative appeal. The mass of a hipped roof is less than that of a gable or mansard roof, so the load on buildings becomes less. The structure of the hipped roof is strong, thanks to the ribs that provide support. The disadvantages of this type of roof include the complexity and high cost of installation.

Multi-forceps

Multi-gable roofs for private houses are a rather complex structure, as they consist of many slopes, ribs, gables, valleys. Installation of such a roof is carried out only by masters with extensive experience in this field.

Advantages of a multi-gable roof:

Attractive appearance;

Durability and strength of the structure;

The possibility of equipping an additional room under the roof.

The disadvantages of these types of roofs are:

Lots of roofing waste.

Domed and conical

Cone types of roofs are installed over round or polyhedral buildings. For them, supporting elements are used. The domed roof is considered one of the original and beautiful forms of private house roofs.

Dome - used in modern post-modern style

Due to its configuration, the structure is well tolerated by all the vagaries of nature, has increased strength and seismic resistance.

Such a roof gives the house a castle-tower look.

The disadvantages of this type of roof are:

The extreme complexity of their installation;

The inability to place windows on them or equip the usable space under them;

This roofing option is rarely used for a private house and is one of the most expensive.

Combined roof

Combined roofs are the most complex type of structures. They are a unique combination of semi-hip, hip, slope, cone, mansard elements. Such a roof, of course, is a decoration of the house.

Consists of various combinations of all possible types

It can be embodied in various design solutions.

However, the installation of such a roof:

It is very complex, as is the design.

Yes, and the cost of construction and further maintenance are also high.

Therefore, a combined roof is most often installed on castles, churches and other buildings of a similar purpose.

Varieties of roofs of private houses: photos of views various designs roofs

There are various types of roofs of private houses, which differ in configuration, the type of roofing materials involved, and the complexity of construction.

Roof for a private house. Types of roofs by design

During the entire service life, the roof must protect the dwelling from rain, snow, wind, scorching sun rays and winter frosts, while maintaining warmth and comfort in the house. Only a properly designed roof for a private house will cope with the tasks. Types of roofs by design include many various options arrangement, each of which must take into account all the architectural nuances of housing construction, and also be appropriate in a particular climatic zone.

The choice of roof structure is an important stage in the construction of a private house

Existing types of roofs of houses

Choose the right one and reliable roof- the mission is serious and responsible. After all, it is being built not for one season, but for decades. In addition, a beautiful roof is also a worthy appearance of your home. Photos of private houses, the beautiful roofs of which flawlessly complete the architectural composition, are a clear confirmation of this. Also, each developer seeks to give the roof of the house being built a rational form that can endure all the vagaries of the weather.

Combined type of roof of a country house

The forms of roofs for private houses, photos of which can be found on the Internet, are surprisingly diverse. Numerous design models can become the basis for bold ideas and help you make the right choice. Modern roof projects of private houses allow you to realize the most original ideas in any style.

Before stopping at the best option roofs of a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the existing forms and design features of roofs. The main criteria by which roofs are classified various types, are:

The choice of a particular roof structure depends on many factors, for example, the climate in the region

How ideal this or that type of roof is for a house depends on correct selection all three parameters. The main factor influencing the design of the roof is the climatic zone. Features of the climate and will affect the slope of the structure, its shape and the choice of roofing material. It makes no sense to build a roof with a slight slope in an area where a large amount of snow falls: they will accumulate and destroy the structure.

Flat roofs are relatively inexpensive to make, as they require minimal material and construction work. You don't have to worry about the roof being blown off by the wind. Many on flat roofs equip additional open areas for various needs. But it should be borne in mind that precipitation will spoil such a roof, forming puddles on the surface.

IN modern design houses you can often find a combination of different types of roofs

Useful advice! To ensure a natural drainage of water for a flat structure, it is recommended to pour a layer of expanded clay at a slight angle.

There is also a division of roofs into unexploited and exploited, attic and non-attic. The exploited roofs are just used as areas for recreation and sports, covering them with a special material. The area of ​​​​such a roof, as a rule, is equal to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house itself, so many owners are thinking about the rational use of this space. A serious disadvantage is the insecurity of the coating from precipitation.

When laying metal tiles, the maximum angle of inclination is not standardized, and the minimum is 15 °

Attic structures are called when the distance between the ceiling and the roof surface is not more than 1.5 m. Usually, the space under such a roof is used for technical purposes. Atticless roofs are used when there is an idea to use the space under the roof as a living room - an attic. In addition, such an additional floor can be built on top of an existing house.

In a large group, varieties of roofs are distinguished according to the geometric shape and number of slopes. A pitched roof is called if the angle of its inclination exceeds 10 °. Roofs come with one, two and four slopes. More complex structures have combined slopes - these are hipped, multi-gable roofs. Less common in private construction are domed or conical models. Roofs that include several different shapes are called combined.

Operated type of roof: a recreation area is equipped on a flat surface

Types of roofs for private houses: we select the optimal slope

Depending on the slope, flat and pitched roofs are distinguished. Under the slope understand the angle of inclination of the slope relative to the horizon. It is measured in degrees or as a percentage of the height of the roof to the length of the span. So, 100% slope corresponds to 45°. For the convenience of translating these indicators, a special table has been developed.

The main reason for the slope is the timely removal of precipitation from the roof. Roofs with a slight slope (up to 1%) will often leak and cause inconvenience to the owners. In addition, in terms of design, the surfaces of such roofs do not look aesthetically pleasing for private houses. Photos of flat roofs indicate that most often such structures are used for change houses, garages and outbuildings.

Table of correspondence between the degree of the angle and the percentage of the slope of the roof:

In addition to precipitation, wind also affects the roof. With an increase in the slope by 20-30 °, the wind load increases by 5 times. And if the slope is small, the wind flow can penetrate the roof through the joints of the coating and easily disrupt the structure. With the help of a competently selected private house roof project, you can get the right slope angle and avoid possible consequences elements.

Useful advice! When choosing a roofing option, it should be borne in mind that maximum value snow load on the roof is achieved when the slope is 30°. In order for the roof to be able to clean itself, the slope must be 45 °.

Shed roof is often erected for garages, outbuildings, change houses

In order to correctly determine the required slope, it is necessary to calculate the ratio of the size of the ridge to ½ of the width of the house. Multiply the resulting value by 100 - this will be the value of the roof slope. For the convenience of determining the angle of the roof, professional builders use special calculations and graphs. They can be easily found on the Internet. As for the cost of building a roof, the greater the slope, the more expensive the construction will cost.

Do-it-yourself shed roof step by step: installation features. Advantages and disadvantages of a shed roof design. Selection of materials, their preparation and calculation required amount. The slope angle.

Despite the fact that the construction of pitched roofs is more expensive, for each developer, the reliability of the roof will be a priority, rather than the cost of its construction. In this way, the right kind the roof of a private house will be a pitched model. The slope of such a roof will be determined by the wind and snow load on the structure, as well as an attractive appearance. In addition, the angle of inclination is determined by the use of a particular roofing. For laying each type of material, manufacturing companies recommend an appropriate slope.

A roof with steep slopes can be overturned by strong gusts of wind, with gentle slopes - lift

Use of roof coverings depending on the slope of the roof

In order for the roof to become a reliable protection for the house, the angle of inclination of the slopes must be taken into account when choosing a roofing:

• slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets) - such a coating can be used with a roof slope of 13 to 60 °. If the angle of inclination is less than 13 °, water will seep into the joints, and in winter snow will clog. This will lead to a significant reduction in the life of the roof;
• ceramic tiles - the optimal slope for this material lies in the range from 30 to 60 °. When laying such tiles on roofs with a slope of less than 25 °, measures should be taken to improve ventilation and waterproofing;
• metal tile - the popularity of using this material for the roof of a private house (photos confirm this) is very high. In addition to many advantages, when laying metal tiles, the maximum angle of inclination is not standardized. Minimum slope– 15°;

When choosing a roofing, it is necessary to take into account the slope of the slopes

• corrugated board - used mainly for outbuildings. Laying is carried out at a slope of 10 ° without a limit limit;
• bituminous tiles - the coating is applicable for roofs with a slope of more than 12 °. The maximum tilt angle is unlimited. Suitable for roofs of intricate shape, as it perfectly repeats the surface of any curvature;
• bituminous slate - corrugated sheets of this material are used with a slope of 5 °. There is no maximum limit, however, the pitch of the crate depends on the angle of inclination, and with a slope of 5 to 10 °, it will be necessary to equip a continuous flooring;
• folded steel roof– this material is laid with slopes starting from 20°. There is no maximum tilt angle limitation.

Diagram showing the preferred roofing material depending on the angle of the roof

Useful advice! When choosing a roofing, you should follow this rule: the denser the structure of the material, the smaller the angle of inclination of the roof slopes should be.

Given the slope of the roof when using roofing, it is possible to achieve high-quality laying of the material, prevent leaks and increase the life of the entire structure.

Classification of types of roofs according to the structure of the frame

Pitched roofs, depending on the configuration of the frame, can have a different shape with certain features. There are the following types of roofs:

Example harmonious combination several types of roofs: gable, single-pitched, hipped roof

• half hip;
• tent;
• multi-forceps;
• domed;
• vaulted;
• spire-shaped.

Single sided option. Such a roof has quite simple design. Its only slope is located between two walls of different heights. The greater the difference between the height of the walls, the greater the slope of the roof. Any materials can be used for its construction. In private construction, it is mainly used for household blocks, garages or small garden houses.

Shed roof looks modern and stylish

Useful advice! For private houses, shed roofs are used if it is necessary to reduce the removal of water or snow to the roadway or sidewalk.

Photos of the flat roof of a private house often illustrate the unpresentable appearance of the structure, especially if the building is low. In addition, this option almost eliminates the possibility of arranging an attic. But in modern building design, this roof option is quite popular.

Gable roof. The type of gable roof is a structure of two slopes connected to each other by means of a ridge. This roof is the most common among pitched models for private houses. Photos of gable roof types illustrate that the slopes can be located both symmetrically and with different slopes. The length of the slopes can also be different.

The gable roof option is the most popular among pitched types.

Due to the fact that under such roofs it is possible to equip an attic or attic, they are considered quite practical. The elements of the walls of the structure that limit the attic or attic space are called gables. Gable roof structures provide unhindered rainfall and minimize the possibility of leakage. It should be noted that in regions where storm winds are frequent, the roof can be torn off due to poor streamlining.

Attic structure. Such a roof is a kind of gable construction with a broken profile. Each slope of the mansard roof has two levels: the upper slope with a gentle slope, the lower one with a falling one. The main advantage of such a roof is the possibility of maximizing the use of space under the roof. Due to the fact that the structures are unstable to strong winds, the mansard roof projects of private houses assume additional fixation of the roofing in the area of ​​the falling slope.

Drawing with mounting dimensions of a gable roof with a broken profile

Useful advice! If the attic room is small, designers recommend not to hem the ceiling. Interior decoration can be done up to the ridge, which will add spaciousness to the room.

Hip roof. This type of roof is a combination of gable and hip design. Here, the pediments replace the slopes in the shape of a triangle, which are called hips. The other two slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The upper parts of the slopes are equipped with dormer windows. The frame of the structure can be built on a rectangular base. The space under the roof can also be used as an attic.

The hip roof is a combination of a gable and a hip design

The hip roof has a streamlined shape, it is perfectly self-cleaning and resists winds, however, it has a more complex design of the truss system. In this regard, the construction of such a roof is recommended to be entrusted only to specialists. With regard to construction costs, it should be noted that during the construction there is a large percentage of roofing waste and significant costs for skylights.

Half hip designs. An intermediate model between a hip and gable roof. A feature of this design is that the pediment of the gable roof is covered at the top with a small half-hip, which protects the ridge from wind load. The streamlining of this form makes it appropriate to erect such roofs in regions where strong gusts of wind prevail.

An example of a semi-hip roof of a private house

The appearance of the roof is quite attractive in terms of design. In the triangular parts of the gables, you can equip full-sized dormers. Half hips serve as decorative elements. In terms of design, this type of roof is quite complex and requires the participation of professionals.

Tent roof models. One of the varieties of the hip structure includes a hipped roof. Such a model has 3 or more triangular slopes that converge at the top at one point. All slopes are performed symmetrically to each other. Hipped roofs are used in cases where houses have the correct shape of a square or polygon. They are very attractive in appearance.

The tent structure is sufficiently resistant to winds. The complexity of the construction of the truss system is explained by the strictly symmetrical geometric shape of the roof. If sheet material acts as a cover, the amount of waste will be large. The installation of roof window structures will also affect the cost.

Various types of roofs for country houses and cottages

Useful advice! To make the hipped roof look aesthetically attractive, it is recommended to use tiles as roofing.

Multi-gable roofs. Such roofs are considered one of the most complex structures, both in terms of the construction of the truss system and in terms of laying the roofing. This is due to the presence in the device of a large number of ribs, valleys and other structural elements. It is used in houses that have a complex polygonal shape.

The appearance of the multi-gable roof is very distinctive. Thanks to modern roof coverings with a rich color palette, the roof can be made bright and lively. In addition, under such a roof, you can equip side attics of a small area.

By combining different types of roofs, you can get an interesting look at home

dome structures. The domed or conical structure is a rounded roof without ribs, converging at the highest point. This is a rather rare type of roof of a private house. Photos of such structures show that in most cases such a roof is used only for individual elements of the building, for example, such as small turrets or round terraces.

Vaulted roofs. This design is based on a base of rafters curved into an arc. It is rarely used as a roof for a private house. This roof shape is rational for large buildings such as sports facilities or public buildings. In private buildings, it can be used as an additional element in combination with a structure of a different form.

The domed roof structure is most often used for individual building elements.

Spike roofs. The main difference between such exclusive roofs is the sharp angle created by sharp slopes. The construction of the spire takes a lot of time, since here it is very important to choose the slope and material for the roof. As a rule, the spire is erected as a decorative element crowning domed roofs or turrets.

Due to its complexity and laboriousness of execution, such a design is built only by professionals. Spiers are very rarely used in the design of roofs of private houses. Photos show that they are mainly used in the construction of temples, buildings in the Gothic style and other monumental structures.

Useful advice! Even a single minor mistake made in the construction of a spire roof can spoil the appearance of the entire structure.

In the design of the roof of the house in the Victorian style there is a spire-shaped type of roof.

There is also such a thing as combined roofs. Such roofs in their design contain several types at once, for example, a combination of tent, hip, multi-gable and other forms. Combined roofs are difficult to design, build and maintain, but they always have an interesting and sophisticated look.

Mansard roof of a private house. Photo and description of structures

A mansard type of roof is an excellent option to profitably increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200ba private house. The dimensions of the additional room will determine the shape and type of the mansard roof. The geometric shapes of such a roof can have a different configuration, and the roof itself can cover the entire building or a small part of it.

Thanks to the attic, you can significantly increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, for example, by placing bedrooms there

Types of mansard roofs. Photo of private houses with a functional roof

There are several types of mansard roofs:

Single pitched mansard roof. Mansard roofs in a shed version look peculiar. Such structures are quite simple in construction due to the lack of a ridge and the difficulties that its arrangement entails. The attic is formed due to the different heights of the walls on which the structural beams rest. The attic floor under such a roof is quite miniature.

Schemes for arranging an insulated attic and ventilation of the under-roof space

Symmetrical mansard roof. This type of roof is built on the basis of a gable model. The walls of the attic this option will have the same width and height. This form provides the possibility of installing full-fledged window structures and doors leading to a balcony or terrace in the room.

Asymmetrical shape. Such roofs are obtained as a result of the hip placement of slopes. It should be borne in mind that the room under the asymmetrical roof will have a small area. The outlines of the opposite walls of such a room will be as follows: two in the shape of a triangle, two in the shape of a trapezoid.

Tent attic structure. The room under such a roof can have a specific configuration: round, conical or pyramidal. In this regard, it is very difficult to fit windows or doors into the walls of such attics. Window structures of this form will need to be made to order according to a special project, which will cause a significant increase in the cost of construction.

When building a roof, it is necessary to carefully consider the location and design of the roof window.

Useful advice! Equipping window structures in the attic room, pay attention to how they will open. Windows that open inwards and downwards can cause injury to the person who opens them. The best would be to open the window outward with a handle located at the top.

Broken roof. If you want to make the most of the space under the roof, the right choice is a sloping roof. In this case, it is possible to significantly reduce the so-called dead zones, the area of ​​which cannot be used as useful. Thanks to the external breaks of the edges, it is possible to expand the attic room, while the choice of a straight roof limits the rational use of the space under it.

Under the combined roof of a country house there is an attic floor

The broken roof structures are distinguished by the small height of the walls of the rooms that have turned out under them. The installation of such a roof is justified when the attic is built on an already erected building. In this case, you do not have to worry about the additional load on the foundation, the design of which did not initially involve the presence of an additional residential floor.

The roof is considered popular, the design of which is based on triangular figures: upper and lower. The design scheme of the upper triangles assumes both a hanging and a layered truss system, and the lower ones only a layered one. The upper slopes are based on isosceles triangles, and the lower ones have two right-angled triangles at the base.

Living room located on attic floor private house

Insulation and waterproofing of mansard roofs

The design of a mansard roof depends on the load that the roof will be subjected to from above and below. We should not forget that warm air flows rise and settle in the form of condensate on the inner surface of the roof. Therefore, the technology for erecting mansard roofs of private houses must necessarily take into account high-quality heat, steam and waterproofing.

Useful advice! When building a mansard roof, pay attention to the distribution of ventilation risers and chimneys: do not allow them to be located in valleys.

Scheme of the device of the insulated mansard roof

In order to be comfortable in the attic, it is necessary to use such a heat-insulating material that will contribute to this regardless of the time of year. If the roofing cake is made in compliance with all technological rules, the microclimate in the room will be normal.

Make the right choice thermal insulation materials It will help to know their main characteristics, which include:

• resistance to temperature extremes;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance;
• environmental friendliness;
• fire safety;
• density up to 250 kg/m³.

The technology for erecting mansard roofs must necessarily take into account high-quality heat, steam and waterproofing

The technology of thermal insulation in the attic is similar to the insulation of conventional roofs, however, due to certain criteria, it is subject to increased requirements. The role of the walls in the attic rooms is performed by slopes and gables, due to which they overheat in the summer and cool quickly in the cold season. Therefore, the sequence of layers of the pie must be strictly observed:

1. Vapor barrier layer.
2. Insulation material.
3. Ventilation (air) gap.
4. waterproofing layer.
5. Roofing material.

When applying insulation, you should pay attention to its thermal conductivity (the ability to retain and transmit heat). The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the material will retain heat in the room, protecting it from cooling. Mansard roofs are more susceptible to heat loss in winter, as heat flows upward, approaching the roofing.

Mansard roof insulation process with mineral wool

In winter, the following process is observed: the snow covering the surface of the roof acts as a kind of heat insulator. If the heat loss is large, the snow on the roof begins to melt, turning into a dense crust of ice, which does not retain heat and creates an additional load on the roof. Properly laid thermal insulation will prevent snow from melting and ice from forming.

In extreme heat, the attic room is very hot. To avoid this, arrange thermal insulation on the inside. The number of layers for internal protection depends on the properties of the material. For these purposes, they usually use: polyurethane foam, mineral wool, extruded polystyrene, slag wool, glass wool, foamed glass. From natural heaters, straw, slag, wood shavings, reed panels will be used.

Mineral wool is one of the most popular materials for roof insulation.

Roof for a private house. Types of roofs by design: form matters

Modern roof design involves many different and original designs. The shape of the roof determines not only the proper degree of protection of the house from external influences, but also provides architectural expressiveness. In private construction, the choice of design is limited only by the financial capabilities of the owner of the house, which allows the roof to become the main decorative element in the design of the whole house.

Beautiful roofs of private houses: photo gallery of various options

It is possible to definitely advise the optimal type of roof, taking into account not only the construction technology, but also the wishes of the owner of the house. Architectural preferences in the private sector also depend on the area where the house is located, since since ancient times each region has been distinguished by its style and originality. To find out what the roofs of private houses are like (photos of numerous options are available on the Internet), you need to study this issue, after which choosing the most acceptable option will not be difficult.

Despite the simple design, there are many ways to combine a flat roof with a modern one. designer style private construction. The monopitch version of the roof has an insignificant set of components and does not require significant financial investments. In the design of flat roofs, many use a new original direction - landscaping. The roof covered with flowers and greenery will add a portion of romance to the whole house.

The gable roof is the most popular in suburban villages. Photos of private houses show typical models of gable structures. The gable roof with slopes that are different in length and slope looks original, the classic model with symmetrical inclined planes is more strict. An important detail is the possibility of arranging an attic under a gable roof of a one-story private house. The photo characterizes the simplicity and functionality of this type of roofing.

Timber house with a complex combined roof

Photos of the hip roofs of private houses indicate that this roof design is used mainly for large cottages. Houses with such roofs look more solid and presentable. Due to the absence of gables in the design, the height of houses with a hip roof visually seems smaller, but this feeling is completely compensated by the presence of attic and dormer windows. They perfectly illuminate the attic space and make the facade of the whole house more picturesque.

Broken roof structures have exceptional ergonomic advantages. Photos of broken roofs of private houses clearly illustrate maximum efficiency usable space. Despite the fact that the construction of such a structure entails high costs, these models are actively used in private construction.

Classic gable roof model with symmetrical slopes

Useful advice! Those who dream of a two-story cottage, but are financially limited, should pay attention to the mansard types of roofs. This will be an excellent option with minimal investment.

For lovers of unusual design, a multi-gable roof is the best fit. Such designs can be attributed to real masterpieces. Their uniqueness lies in the large number of ribs, faces, forceps and slopes. This form of roof has become popular in modern private construction of cottages with attic rooms. If a successful project is chosen, you can build a unique structure associated with the roofs of fairy-tale towers.

Having considered all the options for roofs for private houses and carefully understanding the features and advantages of each of them, you can take optimal solution exactly in your case. The main thing is that your home should be under reliable protection.

Roof for a private house

Varieties of roofs of houses. Roof for a private house. Types of roofs by design. Types of mansard roofs. Roof insulation. Photo gallery of beautiful designs.

The choice of roofing material is an issue that should be resolved at the stage of creating a building project. All factors must be taken into account, from design solution houses, ending with the strength of the wind in the region and the amount of snow falling in winter.
Modern manufacturers offer a huge selection of coatings for various roofs, ranging from urban mansions to outbuildings in a summer cottage.

It includes metal tiles, roofing corrugated board, ondulin, slate, seam roofing.

The metal tile is based on a cold-rolled steel sheet with several layers of protective coating. In appearance, the coating resembles ceramic tiles. It is mounted on the crate with self-tapping screws with the obligatory use of rubber gaskets. Given the light weight of the sheets, laying can be done alone.

This type of roofing is convenient for transportation, and the low price makes it affordable for a wide range of consumers.

The disadvantages are the low level of sound insulation and the high percentage of waste.

They are used both in industrial construction and in the construction of roofs of private houses, garages. Used to create a false roof when framing flat roofs.

Decking

A cheaper analogue is roofing corrugated board. Sheets have waves of various heights and geometries and are characterized by high flexural strength. It also applies to noisy roofs and requires additional soundproofing. Decking is often used for roofs of outbuildings, shops, car washes.

Ondulin is an organic material made from cellulose fiber impregnated with bitumen with the addition of polymers. Lightweight, environmentally friendly coating has a very high water resistance. With proper installation, it can withstand loads up to 960 kg. per square meter. The disadvantage is the low class of fire safety. This material is used for covering garages, sheds, baths. Due to its good flexibility, it is perfect for complex roofs.

Slate is now used more for the construction of outbuildings, less often for country houses. The material is cheap, strong enough, with good sound insulation. Its main disadvantage is the asbestos that is part of it, which is unsafe for human health. In addition, when used in a humid environment, slate quickly fades, moss forms on the surface.

Seam roofing is made of rolled metal for the entire length of the slope. Its name comes from the seam connection, which fixes the coating in one piece. The work is carried out by professional roofers using special tools. It turns out a light, durable roof that has an attractive appearance. Due to the flexibility of the metal, seam roofing is used in the construction of complex roofs. The disadvantages are high noise and the need for additional insulation.

In the manufacture of seam roofing, in addition to steel, copper and aluminum can be used. The finish is beautiful and very durable. The only negative is the high cost of the material.

Soft roof

Its varieties are flexible tiles, roll-on welded roofing, and membrane roofing.
All of them are characterized by good flexibility and strength, which allows them to be used in the construction of roofs of any shape. They are mounted on a rigid base made of plywood, OSB board, concrete or other building material with a flat surface.

Flexible roof tiles

The flexible tile is made of the fiberglass impregnated with bitumen. To give color and protection from sunlight, stone chips are applied on top. When laying it, it is very important not to deviate from technology. The service life of the roof depends on a properly prepared base, waterproofing, and temperature conditions.

The rolled built-up roof is similar in composition shingles. During installation, it is fixed with a heated bitumen base. The price of the roof is low. It is well suited for the construction of flat roofs of houses.

On flat roofs, a flat membrane roof is often used. The membranes are made of PVC, EPDM, TPO and create a durable, water resistant coating.

Piece roofing materials

These include various types of roof tiles and slate tiles. All of them are made from natural raw materials and have a very long service life.

Ceramic tiles are popular due to their aesthetic properties. But due to the large weight of the roof, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the truss structures. In addition, the disadvantages include labor-intensive installation and the high cost of tiles.

A cheaper analogue can be called sand-cement tiles. It is made without firing by pressing raw materials. To give color, dyes are added, often the surface is glazed.

Slate coating is considered elite. Roofs made of this natural material can last up to 200 years. This was confirmed by ancient castles and palaces that have retained their original appearance to this day. But in modern construction, such a roof is not often built due to the high cost of the material and the need to perform it by professional craftsmen.

It is made on the basis of oligomers and is supplied in liquid form. When applied to a base made of metal, concrete or bitumen, it hardens in air and forms an elastic film.

This waterproof coating can last up to 15 years. The only drawback is the different layer thickness in the finished coating. Self-leveling roofing is commonly used in the manufacture of flat roofs.

Now, having familiarized yourself with the properties of various roofing materials, you can take into account your capabilities and needs, and choose the right coating for your home.