Types of roofs - how to choose a reliable and economical design? Types of roofs of private houses.
The variety of roofs misleads the layman inexperienced in construction.
Considering roof options, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for the future structure, which one is advisable to build in a particular case.
In addition, I want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all the requirements. A variety of designs allows architectural designers to turn all the most unpredictable projects into reality.
There are various types of roofs of private houses, we will talk about them now.
Shed roof is a rectangular plane, based on opposite bearing walls.
Single pitched roof is:
- ventilated;
- unventilated.
Design features
Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is affected not only by the finish coating, but by the feature climatic conditions, then all these values should be correctly calculated.
An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.
Slope angle
It directly depends on the coating material: coatings are distinguished by their ability to retain snow precipitation.
It is recommended to choose materials for covering a shed roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.
In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the slope angle.
Shed roof truss system options
FROM truss roof structure with one slope can be:
- sliding;
- layered;
- hanging.
It is most often performed from wooden elements for various purposes.
Shed roof truss system
Mounting Features
Installation of a shed truss structure is carried out on a Mauerlat.
If a hanging-type frame is being installed, then a farm is first made on the ground. According to a given template, the entire structure is made.
The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, mount the elements necessary for a warm roof.
The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.
Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof
Despite the ease of installation, the simplicity of the design, the shed system has its own characteristics.
Advantages:
- Inexpensive construction;
- ease of installation;
- resistance to strong winds.
Repair work during operation on pitched roof not difficult to produce, not too expensive.
disadvantages:
- Need for snow removal
- low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are in strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.
shed roof
gable roof
The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.
Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:
- symmetrical;
- asymmetric;
- broken lines;
- multi-level;
- double-sided with a skate on a slope.
In addition, other configurations of gable roofs can be designed: broken from one slope, double broken, with elongated peaks or extensions.
Design Options
Particular attention is paid to the load.
Besides, the angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.
Quite simple, with the correct definition of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load), the roof will be reliable and durable.
Tilt angle
The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.
With different slope for various materials correspondence certain . For all materials, their indicators.
truss system
It can have a layered structure, hanging, combined.
The option of the truss structure is selected based on the span between outer walls . In addition to truss beams, structural elements truss system are: ridge, Mauerlat, crossbar, puffs, and other elements.
Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.
truss system gable roof
Mounting
When installing a gable roof you need to follow the basic steps:
- Install beams;
- fix the crate;
- install roofing.
In the case of lengthening the rafter legs, additional rails are mounted under the overhang.
Advantages and disadvantages
A gable roof is the most common roofing model.
This is due to the advantage of this design:
- The possibility of arranging an attic;
- there is no need to independently clean the coating from snow;
- simple project;
- variety of coatings.
disadvantages:
- The dependence of the roof height on the span;
- when arranging an attic space, additional reinforcement of the structure and arrangement are required window systems and heating elements.
A gable roof is not the most complex structure, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.
Gable roof
hip roof
It is a quadruple structure. The slopes are made up of triangles and trapezoids.
A modified design of the hip system is called semi-hip. There are Dutch and Danish half hip designs.
Design features
The project has rather painstaking calculations, since the design itself is not simple.
Particular attention should be paid to the points:
- calculate each slope separately;
- correctly calculate the length of the rafters and the ridge;
- take into account the area of windows and chimneys;
- correctly calculate the load.
ATTENTION!
The same material should be used for the frame and the ridge beam. This feature must be taken into account in the project.
The cost of the project should include additional elements and additional details for the arrangement of the roof.
Slope angle
The slope angle is affected by wind and snow. This type of structure can be arranged at an angle of 5° to 60°. The dependence on natural indicators is directly proportional.
Be aware of styling features roofing: The recommended performance of each coating directly depends on the angle of the slope.
In addition to the main rafter legs, it consists of their elements: Mauerlat, ridge, slanted legs, and other important parts that provide strength, participate in the distribution of the load.
Hip roof truss system
Mounting Features
Includes elements fastening sequence:
- Mauerlat;
- beams;
- racks;
- sloping legs. Further, in order, other elements are installed, including the crate.
Advantages and disadvantages
Hip structures in addition to a presentable appearance and structural strength has a number of advantages:
- the slope of the ribs reduces the wind load;
- due to the design features, the area increases, which positively affects heat transfer.
The disadvantages of a hip roof are its complexity and cost..
hip roof
Mansard (broken) roof
This is a type of construction in which the slopes have a refraction with a change in the angle of the slope of the slope.
Broken mansard roof can have from two to four slopes.
It happens layered and hanging.
The schematic structure of the attic can be in the form:
- Square;
- rectangle;
- a combined figure combining a triangle and a square.
The most common type of broken structure is a gable roof.
Design Options
At should follow the requirements provided during installation:
- A roof height of at least 2.2 m should be designed;
- choose materials that are smaller in mass;
- take into account struts and puffs due to the length of the rafters.
A sloping roof provides for the arrangement of an attic, so it is advisable to use high-quality materials for insulation and providing the roof with air exchange.
Tilt angle
In calculating the slope angle, it is necessary to build on the height of the attic.
- Influence of atmospheric influences;
- type of roofing.
The best option for a broken roof with an attic is a project in which the upper slopes are located at an angle of 30 °, and the lower ones at an angle of 60 °.
truss system
In attic structures, the frame is equipped with elements:
- Mauerlat;
- beams;
- frame racks;
- runs. These and other elements create a solid foundation for arranging the attic.
Mansard roof truss system
Mounting
When installing the rafter base, one part of the frame is made, starting with racks and layered rafters, and then, like it, all the rest.
After mounting all the elements, they are fastened with girders.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of a sloping roof is the arrangement of an additional room.
Among the disadvantages of a sloping roof is its cost., since this consumes a lot of materials for insulation, the arrangement of special windows is not a cheap pleasure.
But the costs of arranging the attic cannot exceed the construction of an additional extension or an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe house.
mansard roof
Flat roof
A structure that is a plane lying on the load-bearing walls of a structure. Such a system does not have an attic space.
They can be operated and non-operated.
Besides, Depending on the characteristics of the coating, flat systems can be divided into:
- inversion;
- green;
- breathable.
All of them have their own characteristics.
Design features
At the stage design it is necessary to correctly calculate the load of the snow cover, as well as all the materials used, and take into account the drainage system.
Slope angle
The roof must have the necessary. Its angle is up to 5°. This feature contributes to high-quality drainage.
Rafter Location Options
The flat roof frame provides for the following elements:
- Mauerlat;
- support bars;
- plywood or OSB flooring.
Flat roof truss system
Mounting
It is important to organize the arrangement of drains. Attention should be paid to the operating system: it is important to choose the right type of floor and the right layers to ensure a favorable microclimate.
Advantages and disadvantages
A flat roof is positively characterized by price, low labor costs, and the possibility of arranging additional recreation areas is a productive distribution of space.
The disadvantages are: accumulation of snow, inability to determine the condition roofing cake, the need for equipment internal system water drain.
Flat roof
Hip roof
It is a system of triangular slopes connected at one vertex.
According to the features of the frame structure, hipped roofs can be layered and hanging. In addition, tent structures are still of other types.
Design Options
The main directions of designing a tent system are:
- Calculation of the slope angle;
- choice of roofing;
- calculation of the height of the ridge connection.
An important step is to calculate the load on roof structure. If insulation is assumed, the load of the layers of the cake is calculated.
Tilt angle
The slope of the slopes directly depends on the type of roofing and climatic conditions. Slope reduction should be done with the predominance of strong winds at the building site.
truss system
The elements of the hip roof truss system are:
- Mauerlat;
- floor beams;
- sloping boards;
puffs; - supports.
These and other elements together provide strength and stability of the frame.
Hip roof truss system
Mounting Features
The installation of the tent system involves the arrangement of the truss system and the laying of the insulation system for the roof.
The rafter system should be erected before mounting the ceiling of the building.
Installation of the truss system begins with the installation of a mauerlat or strapping. Next, the system is gradually erected, starting with rafter boards, mounting racks, other elements, ending with trusses and struts.
Advantages and disadvantages
The attractiveness of a hipped roof makes you forget about its shortcomings. The disadvantages are the small area for the attic and the complexity of installation.. Plus are the aerodynamic properties and strength of the system.
hipped roof
Multi-gable roof
The complex structure of a multi-gable roof consists of many parts, ledges, and elements. Perhaps one of the most complex structures.
They are determined by a combination of certain types of roofs, assembled together. Roof corners can be pointed or hip.
Design Options
A difficult task to develop a project, especially if the roof elements have a different configuration. In this case, each element should be calculated separately.
Particular attention should be paid to the truss system.
- Use lightweight materials;
- do not save on waterproofing;
- take care of high-quality bars for rafters.
The complexity of the project lies in planning the arrangement of window systems.
The design itself is the covering of the attic of the house, so it is strong enough practically unaffected by the weather.
Rafter Location
The stage of erection of a multi-gable system is the most difficult stage. Each part must be installed separately.. For rafters, you should choose only high-quality wood.
The basic part of the design is the Mauerlat. The rest of the structural elements are attached to it: rafter legs, reinforcing beams and supports.
Multi-gable roof truss system
Mounting Features
In addition to the complexity of mounting the roof frame, the multi-gable system has a weak point, which should be properly protected from moisture: this is the angle of connection of the slopes.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantage of a multi-gable roof is originality, attractiveness. But such beauty should be paid in full: the equipment of such a system is an expensive pleasure.
Multi-gable roof
conical roof
The design of a conical roof has the shape of a cone. A rather rare type of roofing, since the arrangement of such systems is carried out on round-shaped houses.
Cone-shaped roofs can be full and incomplete.
Design Options
Most often, conical shapes serve as decoration.. They do not carry a functional load. You need to know the diameter of the base of the cone, the length of the slope. When calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe cone, the amount of materials needed is determined.
Slope angle
The slope angle of a cone-shaped roof is calculated using the tangent formula. In this case, it is necessary to know the height of the cone and the length of the rafter leg.
truss system
The conical roof frame system is a hanging fan type. use additional elements: beams, braces, lathing, additional bars.
Conical roof truss system
Mounting
Installation is carried out by laying the rafter legs in the form of a fan. They rely on runs, as well as a ring element at the top. The base is Mauerlat. Further, the base is assembled in a certain way with the help of additional elements.
CAREFULLY!
Boards as crates are not suitable for the cone type. In this case, flexible types of PVC pipes are mounted.
Advantages and disadvantages
Resistance to any weather phenomena is one of the advantages of a cone roof. Increased strength, originality - the undoubted advantage of this type of roof.
The complexity of installation, the high consumption of materials, the inability to install an attic due to the lack of windows allows you to mount such systems only to decorate the roof.
conical roof
Which roof is better
The design of the roof, first of all, must correspond to the architecture of the building.
The choice of roofing is determined according to factors:
- financial opportunity;
- climate features;
- individual preferences;
- the need for an attic.
Before you decide on the option of protecting your home, you should consider different options.
Roof options
Useful video
In this video you will learn what types of roofs are:
February 17, 2017 / / to / from
The roof of any private house has an incredibly responsible and multidisciplinary task - throughout its entire service life, it must protect the home from snow, rain, wind, scorching sunlight and winter frosts. In order to keep warm and cozy in the house, the roof must be properly designed, the design and materials must be selected taking into account the nuances of the architectural structure and the characteristics of climatic conditions. But in addition to a rationally chosen shape, reliable materials and high-quality installation, any owner would like to see not only the protection of his home from the vagaries of nature, but also an external attractive element of the structure that adorns the building or brings originality to its image.
Roofing for a private house - a variety of forms
You have probably already seen many options for the execution of roofs in the construction of a modern home. The variety of forms will help not only to determine the most suitable way to protect the building from weather conditions, but also to find your own solution for implementation. design ideas to create an original look. Before proceeding with the choice of the type of roof for your own home, it makes sense to familiarize yourself with the design features various options her execution. If we talk about the global division of roofs into types, then the main criteria are:
- material type;
- roof pitch;
- type and shape of the structure.
Exactly right choice These three components will help create a truly reliable, strong and durable building coating that can withstand all the nuances of climatic conditions. The main influence on the choice of the type of construction will be the weather conditions in the area - it makes no sense to build a roof with a slight slope in places with a lot of precipitation in winter (snow will accumulate and subsequently destroy the structure).
The main classification of roofs occurs according to the shape and number of slopes. A slope is a roof slope of more than ten degrees. Roofs come with one, two and four slopes. There are also more complex structures equipped with combined slopes - multi-gable and hipped roofs. Less commonly, but still found in the construction of private houses, domed and conical roof models. If several versions and shapes are found in the roof structure, then it is called combined.
So, we will analyze in more detail the options for the execution of roofs in private houses different sizes and forms that are in different climatic conditions:
lean-to roofing is the simplest and most cost-effective construction that does not require large financial and labor costs for installation;
gable- no less affordable roof construction, which is often used for buildings of various shapes (ideal for regions with a lot of snow);
attic roof - option gable roof with a broken profile (each slope has two levels, the first is gentle, the second is falling);
hip the roof is suitable for buildings with a large area. It is able to withstand large wind loads;
a hip roof with an arched slope (like a pagoda) is not common due to the complexity of manufacturing. But the appearance is very attractive, original;
tent- a type of hip roof, which is ideal for buildings square shape(the roof consists of four triangles, converging with vertices like a tent);
half hip roof - another subspecies of the hip roof (a slightly complicated design for a gable roof);
multi-forceps the roof has a rather complex design (suitable for both square and rectangular houses);
vaulted roof - the name speaks for itself - the roof has the shape of a vault (rarely used as the main type of roofing for residential buildings, more often serves as an addition);
tambourine the roof consists of four rhombuses brought together to the center and is ideal for houses that have a square shape at the base.
In addition to classification by shape, there is a division of roofs into:
- exploited;
- unexploited.
The name speaks for itself. Exploited roofs include flat roofs, on which you can equip an outdoor recreation area, a sports ground, a terrace and even a lawn with plants. The advantage of a flat roof is not only in ease of execution, the minimum amount of materials and time costs, but also in the fact that even a strong wind will not rip off such a roof. A significant disadvantage is the accumulation of precipitation on a flat surface without a slope.
Recently, it has been fashionable to use the roof surface to create real masterpieces. landscape design. The high cost of land plots within the city, and the desire to have your own green corner within walking distance, and the possibilities of the modern market for materials and plants for organizing such oases on the roofs play a role.
If we talk not only about the aesthetic side of using the roof surface, but also the practical one, then the most popular way to create an effective space is to install solar panels. Energy saving and rather high prices for electricity consumption are pushing many owners of private houses to use alternative sources energy that is easy to install on the roof itself.
Also, all roof options can be divided into two groups:
- attic;
- unattractive.
If the distance between the ceiling and the roof surface does not exceed one and a half meters, then this type of roof is considered attic. Usually this space is used for technical needs. A non-attic roof is used if there are ideas for using the space under the roof for organizing living quarters. In addition, the attic space can be organized already in the finished building by building on the second floor.
How to choose a slope for a roof
According to the type of slope, all roofs are divided into pitched and flat. Slope is the angle of inclination of the slope with respect to the horizon line. Most often it is measured in degrees, less often - as a percentage of the height of the roof to the length of the span. For example, a slope of 100% corresponds to 45 degrees.
The main reason for arranging the slope of the roof is the need to remove precipitation from its surface. If there is no slope at all (less than 1%), then the roof will often leak, causing inconvenience to the owners. And outwardly, this approach to organizing the coverage of buildings is more suitable for outbuildings. Although many designers offer such Constructive decisions as an original way of highlighting a building among similar houses on the same street.
When choosing a roof slope option, it is considered that maximum load from fallen snow to the surface is achieved at an angle of inclination of 30 degrees. In order for such a roof to be self-cleaning (snow naturally rolled down), the slope must be 45 degrees.
In addition to precipitation, gusts of wind also affect the roof. With an increase in slope by 20-30%, the wind load on the roof increases by 5 times. But even a very small slope is not an option, the wind can penetrate through the joints of the ceiling and disrupt the structure, as they say from the inside. That is why the design justification for the shape of the roof and its slope must be trusted competent specialists which will take into account all the nuances of the weather conditions of a particular area.
In order to determine the magnitude of the slope, experts use special calculation formulas and graphs. They are easy to find on the Internet. In short, to determine the slope, it is necessary to calculate the ratio of the size of the ridge to half the width of the house. After multiplying the resulting number by 100, we will get the desired slope value. If we talk about the slope, in relation to the costs of construction, then they increase with the growth of the value of this indicator.
Despite the obvious fact that a pitched roof is more expensive than a flat model, all developers prioritize reliability, durability and structural strength, rather than initial costs. Therefore, pitched roof structures are the most popular option execution of the coating of a private house. The slope of such a roof will be determined not only by the wind and snow load, but also by the aesthetic appearance. In addition, the slope of the roof is determined by the use of a specific building material.
We select building materials depending on the slope of the roof
For the roof to be reliable protection for a building from any manifestations of the weather, it is necessary to take into account the angle of inclination of the slope (slopes) when choosing a roofing material:
slate or asbestos-cement sheets of a wavy shape - the coating can be used with a roof slope of 13 to 60 degrees. With a slope of less than 13 degrees, water will enter the joints of the roofing material, significantly reducing the life of the coating (and slate cannot be attributed to durable materials anyway);
ceramic tiles- the slope for this type of coating is in the range from 30 to 60 degrees. Laying ceramic tiles with a slope of less than 30 degrees is possible, but it is necessary to take additional measures to organize ventilation and waterproofing of the roof;
metal tile- one of the most popular materials used in private construction. One of the advantages of this roofing is that the maximum angle of inclination is not standardized, and the minimum is 15 degrees;
corrugated board rarely used as a permanent material for covering private houses (mainly it is used for household buildings, garages). The material is laid with a roof slope of 10 degrees or more (the maximum value is not standardized);
shingles- great for unusual roofs with arched shapes. The slope angle must be at least 12 degrees, the maximum value is not limited;
bituminous slate- used infrequently and with a slope of at least 5 degrees. Maximum value also not, but it is necessary to take into account the angle of inclination for calculating the crate - with a slope of 5 to 10 degrees, a continuous flooring is usually equipped;
seam steel roofing - used at an angle of inclination of 20 degrees (the final figure is not limited).
In a special group of roofing materials, double-glazed windows and sheets of tempered glass can be distinguished, from which part of the roof is often made. Usually this is the visor of a veranda or greenhouse, less often - a kitchen or a living room in a private house. The design, of course, turns out to be outwardly incredibly attractive, not to mention the aesthetic features of the appearance of the ceilings inside the room, but such architectural solutions will also require considerable costs. Glass is able to withstand a fairly large snow and wind load. Most often it is attached to a metal profile, less often it acts solo.
When choosing a coating for creating a roof, you must use simple rule- the denser the structure of the roofing material, the smaller the angle of inclination of the pitched roof should be. If you take into account the angle of the roof slope when choosing a material, you can end up with a durable and strong structure that is ready to withstand various climatic features of a particular area.
Design and color scheme
The choice of colors for roofing materials in the lines of modern manufacturers of building and finishing materials is incredibly wide. Using color, you can create a harmonious ensemble of the building and its roof or highlight the roof with bright, contrasting shade. The only thing you need to decide when choosing color solution for roofing material - whether you want the roof of the house to merge with the environment (greenery, mountains, steppes for suburban households and other buildings for city apartments) or stand out against the general background of the landscape with brightness, contrast.
If the facade of your house is made in light colors, then a contrasting dark roof can be not only an original addition to the image of the building, but also to distinguish it from other buildings on the street or outside the city, among green plants.
The opposite situation is when the roofing material is chosen in a light tone, and the facade is finished in dark color, occurs infrequently. From that, your building will look more valuable and original, standing out among the many similar private houses built in the neighborhood.
The bright, rich color of the roof will help create a truly unique image of your architectural structure. If your task is to draw attention to a private home, then the colorful color of the roofing material is a great way to achieve this goal. But in this case, the facade of the building should be done in a neutral tone.
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Modern buildings are distinguished by a wide variety of architectural solutions. If earlier almost all buildings were of the same type, now it is difficult to find two similar ones among them. The design of the roof can also be different. The question of what types of roofs are of interest to everyone who decides to build a house. When choosing an option for arranging a roof, you should pay attention not only to its attractiveness, but also to its functionality.
All types of roof structures differ not only in appearance, but also in functional features. There is no ideal option: each type of roof construction has advantages and disadvantages.
Classification by slope angle
According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, all types of roofing are divided into the following two types: flat and pitched.
A flat roof is the simplest, it rests on walls of the same height and has practically no slope. Such roofs have a slope angle of 2.5-3%. Main disadvantage flat roofs is that due to the small slope, the removal of melt and rain water is difficult, and as a result, it soon begins to leak. Snow from these roofs has to be removed on their own.
Flat roofs are almost never used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for outbuildings and multi-storey buildings. But they have one advantage that other types of roofing cannot boast of: at the top you can arrange a flower garden and even a pool - the main thing is that the supporting structures can withstand this load.
For construction country houses and cottages usually use pitched roofs. The angle of inclination of the slopes of such roofs is more than 10%. Melt and rain water is easily removed from pitched surfaces; at a large slope angle, snow does not linger on them.
Design classification
According to their structural solution, roofs are non-attic and attic. The first option involves combining with the main room, and the roof of the last floor is the supporting structures of the roof. Attic roofs are not connected to the main room, they can be insulated or cold.
According to the type of ventilation, non-attic roofs are divided into:
- non-ventilated;
- ventilated;
- partially ventilated.
Also, roofs can be operated or not operated.
Geometric classification
Types of roof coverings according to the geometric shape are as follows.
One pitched roofs . Consist of a single plane. Their truss system rests on the outer walls of the building, which are located on different height(more details: ""). Due to this, a slope is formed. Roofs with one slope are easy to build and do not require large financial costs. But mostly they are used in the construction of various outbuildings. Types of roofing for a roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For shed roofs, you can use tiles, slate, metal tiles, metal profiles, roofing felt, ondulin, and more (more: ""). Rainwater and snow does not linger on such a surface, in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, thus creating storm sewer relieved. The main disadvantages of shed roofs are the lack of an attic space and a small selection of design solutions.
gable roofs . They are in demand in the construction of private houses - their design consists of two slopes, based on load-bearing walls of the same height. This type of roof is also called gable. (read also: "") The gap between the two slopes (tongs, gables) has the shape of a triangle. As for the construction itself, it is more difficult than creating a shed version, but easier than other types of cottage roofs.
The gable roof is reliable, well drains rain and melt water, snow, and can withstand strong wind loads. In addition, it looks much more interesting than a pitched roof. For gable structures, you can use different roofing.
Mansard roofs - This is a type of duplex. But for the roof slopes themselves, broken lines are characteristic. Another variant of the name of such roofs is “broken”, since the slopes can be refracted at different angles. The presence of a break increases the area and volume of the attic, which is subsequently used as housing and is called an attic.
Therefore, this version of the roof device is called "mansard". Its pediments are shaped like a pentagon. The design of such a roof is characterized by certain features, but it can be built easily and quickly. you can think of quite a lot. They are preferred to be built much more often than other types of roofs of one-story houses.
Thermal insulation is also important, since the attic is built into the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of thermal insulation. If it is done in accordance with all the rules, then you can live in the attic even in winter period. Otherwise, the room under the roof can only be used in the summer.
As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, there will be inconvenience when moving along it.
For these roofs, a system of double-pull rafters and beams is used. Their shape contributes to the rapid and efficient removal of snow and water from the roof. The angles of inclination of the hip roofs are 45 degrees. They also withstand strong winds well. Because of high angle slope hipped roof must be equipped with gutters. It is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to specialists, since it requires a complex truss system. If you do not adhere to the accuracy of the parameters, the roof will not last long.
Types of roofing for this type of roof can be different. You can use both light and heavy roofing materials. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the second materials for roofing last longer, plus, they have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of a reinforced rafter system. Most often, hip roofs are built in the southern regions.
Semi hip roof
. These are ordinary hip roofs with truncated triangular slopes. At the heart of the house is a regular polygon or square, so all four slopes look like a triangle, and their vertices converge at one point. A roof in the form of a pyramid can decorate any building. The installation of this type of roof is as complicated as the installation of hip roofs. Their construction is also best entrusted to specialists. Read also: "
Also, such roofs are used to create an overlap of a part of a building or even an entire building. Dome roofs are made from bent frame elements. Such types of roofing materials are used for the roof as soft (roofing felt, glass tiles) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tiles).
Currently, you can see a variety of coverage options on private houses and cottages. Types of roofing for the roof are very diverse. Everyone can choose for their home suitable option roofing and type of roofing material. Any method of creating a roof has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing the type of roofing and roofing material, it is necessary to take into account not only external beauty, but also functional differences. Continuation: " ".
The roofs of private houses are divided into several different categories, depending on the shape, structural elements, complexity of the device, and other things. Choosing the type of roof during the construction of a building should take into account many factors: the amount of precipitation in a particular area, structural strength, wind load, arrangement of living rooms in the attic, etc.
The roof of the house performs several important functions at once:
- provides hydro and noise insulation;
- creates a barrier from the wind;
- acts as a thermal barrier.
The durability of the structure depends on the quality of the structure itself and the roofing material. Also, these indicators affect the cost of heating rooms inside the building.
Flat and pitched roofs
Roofs of houses can be flat and pitched (sloped).
Depending on the architecture of the building, an appropriate roof structure is selected even at the design stage. Drawings are created, and calculations are carried out, taking into account all the features of this architectural structure. The layout of the roof - the attic or living quarters - is also thought out in advance.
Country cottage with a flat roof Flat structures are found mainly in countries that receive a small amount of annual precipitation. Since with abundant rainfall, water will accumulate on such a roof, and it may begin to leak. In the vastness of our country, pitched roofs are used in the construction of buildings. The plane of such structures is located at a certain angle, usually it is more than 10 degrees and depends on the abundance of precipitation that falls during the season in a given region.
About all other advantages and disadvantages flat roofs You can learn more in this special video.
Much more often they use roof projects of private houses with an inclined structure, which can have several slopes at once.
Attic and attic roofs
According to their design, roofs can be divided into non-attic and attic. In non-attic, the bearing elements of its design are at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor of the house. They can be ventilated or non-ventilated. Attic roofs have an attic floor that separates their structure from living quarters.
Roof purpose
When choosing the roof of a house, you should decide in advance how its space will be used: as a simple attic or living space. These points significantly affect what shape and type of roof is suitable for your home.
The main types of roofs of houses in shape
Roof structures of private houses in their form can also be divided into several types:
- lean-to,
- gable,
- hip,
- multi-forceps,
- attic,
- tented,
- domed,
- conical,
- flat.
The main types of roofs for private houses For shed roofs, the angle of inclination usually does not exceed 20-30 ⁰. planes mansard roofs set at an angle of 45-60⁰ in the lower part and 25-35⁰ in the upper part. For conventional gable structures, this figure is in the range of 25-45⁰.
Hipped roofs suggest the presence of 4-8 planes for better removal rain and snow.
Beautiful roof structures of private houses are obtained by combining several gable elements or types, however, maintaining such structures in good condition and installing them is not an easy task.
shed roof
It has a fairly simple form. At the same time, this type of roof is extremely rare in the arrangement of private residential buildings, since with such a design, the load on the rainwater drainage system increases significantly, and they simply do not look too beautiful.
Private house with pitched roof In most cases, such roofs are used in the construction of outbuildings of small width. If you still decide to equip just this type of roof, then you will need an enhanced drainage system with a greater throughput.
Gable roof
Also having a very simple design, they are the most common type of roofs for private low-rise buildings. When arranging it, you can use almost any roofing materials.
Scheme of the device of a simple standard gable roof of a private house Hip (four-pitched) roof
The hip (four-pitched) roof is more common in the southern regions. With this option for arranging the roof, the attic has no gables, and dormer windows, in most cases, are located at the intersection of the ridge with the hip ribs. By design, a hip roof is much more complicated than a gable roof, so it is more often used in cases where a building needs to be given aesthetic appeal.
The design of the hip four-slope roof of the house Multi-gable roof
The multi-gable roof type is distinguished by an impressive number of different options, depending on the size and number of gables (pediments). Its construction is recommended to be trusted only by experienced professionals, since its arrangement is accompanied by the formation of sunken corners, which require very precise and accurate roofing work.
The device of the multi-gable roof of the house mansard roof
As a rule, they equip in cases where it is planned to use the attic for living quarters. This type of roof has a broken profile and, accordingly, is somewhat difficult to manufacture. It is often a kind of multi-gable and gable roof.
Scheme of a broken mansard roof Other types of roofs of private houses
In addition, conical, domed and combined types of roofs are quite common. Conical and domed roofs are often used as decorative or separate elements of more complex building structures. The combined type is one of the most common types of roofs, as it combines several elements of individual types at once.
Private country cottage with a conical roof The choice of the type and shape of roofs for private houses
When choosing the shape and type of roof, it is necessary to take into account the factors on which its performance depends. First of all, you should pay attention to the slope of the roof. In snowy areas, it is advisable to select structures with simple and steep shapes, since snow will practically not accumulate on such areas.
In areas with strong winds when choosing, you need to take into account the force of the wind load.
The higher it is, the greater the angle of inclination, area and height of the roof. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fire requirements for roofs.
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Projects of houses and cottages from logs
Glass roofs for private houses
Many owners of country cottages dream of enjoying the view starry sky. Roof projects for private houses may involve both partial glazing and the arrangement of a transparent dome. Glass roofing is installed on the terrace, balconies, veranda.
The shape of the roof for private houses and various kinds of structures is made in the form of an inclined plane, a dome, a sphere. Panoramic glass roofs are mounted on several slopes, which significantly increases the viewing area. During the installation of this design, it is necessary to use reinforced aluminum and steel profiles.
Glass roofs for private houses have their own distinctive features. When designing the structure, it should be taken into account that it will be necessary to periodically wash and repair the glass. The roof, like windows, will fade over time from dust and precipitation on its surface. It is also advisable to install a heating system on the windows so that in cold weather ice and snow do not accumulate on them, and you can enjoy the views.
Materials for transparent roofs
To create transparent and, at the same time, warm and safe roofs, they use:
- triplex glass,
- plexiglass,
- polycarbonate,
- transparent slate.
Ordinary glass is not used to create transparent roofs because of its high fragility; if broken, fragments can harm human health.
- Triplex is the safest material for creating a safe coating.
- Laminated glass also does not shatter when broken, however, the light transmission is not very high and it is very thick.
- Wired glass is sometimes used for roof glazing. If the glass breaks, the fragments will remain in the metal mesh frame.
- Plastic translucent materials - polycarbonate, plexiglass and slate have excellent properties (lightness and high strength), which make it possible to use them to create complex sliding structures.
The device of a simple roof of a wooden country house
House roof projects usually involve the maximum use of attic space, for which the room above is expanded and insulated. The resulting usable attic area can be used for housing.
Roof structure wooden house consists of a frame and a roof. The roof frame consists of load-bearing and fastening elements. The main part includes: rafters, Mauerlat and crate. Important additional frame elements are crossbars, struts, racks, etc. They give rigidity to the structure.
The design of the elements of the roof of a wooden house The height and volume of the resulting room depend on two factors: the angle of inclination and the number of slopes. Typically, projects for the roofs of country houses involve a gable broken shape. This design is the most convenient for human life. Sometimes on the second floor the plan includes a balcony. Be sure to take into account that at the maximum point the height of the attic floor should not be less than 2.2 m.
The inside of a conventional gable roof can also be used as a living area. There are bedrooms or an office here. In this case, the height of the middle part of the room should not be less than 1.8 m.
The roof consists of materials that provide heat, hydro and vapor barrier.
When installing a roof Special attention given to the choice of insulation. Also worth stopping at roofing material, which is more suitable in terms of characteristics for your structure.
Detailed scheme wooden house roof - Waterproofing provides protection from precipitation, so the coating should not have damage on its surface, and even very small holes.
- The vapor barrier ensures that there is no condensation, which can cause dampness in attics and attic rooms. Also, the inclusion of window openings in the projects of the roofs of country houses, which will allow ventilation, will also eliminate the dampening of the wooden structure. The location and number of vents affects the ventilation of the attic and its illumination.
- produced depending on design features. On the monolithic floors lay hard material. From above they make a screed and mount flooring. On the wooden structures fit: vapor barrier material, insulation, a subfloor is made and only then the floor covering is installed.
