Do-it-yourself floor with a dry prefabricated screed made of sheets of gvl or csp. Plates and sheet materials for subflooring Sheet material for floors types

Smooth floors are a guarantee of a long service life of the flooring and the absence of distortions of furniture and other interior items standing on the base. Achieving a perfectly flat floor surface in an apartment is not so difficult if you know how it is done. Many will immediately remember about pouring, however, you can level the base without using this long and costly method. You can use GVL for the floor, which is especially important for those types of bases that are contraindicated in high load.

Before we talk about how to level the floors with GVL, you should get to know this material better. The abbreviation "GVL" stands for gypsum fiber sheet. Unlike drywall, the material does not have a cardboard shell. It is not difficult to guess that GVL is a material based on gypsum mixed with various modifying and reinforcing additives, including ordinary cellulose. Each sheet is impregnated with a water repellent, which acts as a kind of primer. The result of the entire production technology is large or medium-sized white sheets, which have a uniform structure, are quite strong and reliable, non-flammable and have low thermal conductivity.

On a note! Interestingly, the gypsum fiber sheet is a kind of "descendant" of dry plaster.

GVL is often confused with drywall, but these are two different material. The first is significantly superior to the second in terms of its technical characteristics - for example, in density. After manufacturing, each GVL sheet undergoes a series of checks for suitability and the absence of defects, only after that the material receives a certificate of conformity, which can be requested from the seller upon purchase.

Information on the purpose of the material

After GVL saw the light for the first time, it has found wide application in various construction fields. The material is also suitable for the floor - it is used to create a dry screed, which differs from the traditional one in that it does not require a long drying time and can be used even where the load on the floors should not be significant.

Gypsum fiber sheets are used for arranging a subfloor both over concrete floors and over those made of wooden materials, can be laid on top of the finished cement screed for additional alignment. GVL-based screed or sheets simply laid on top of the finished base will allow you to immediately start laying the final floor covering.

On a note! GVL screed is ideal for laying laminate, carpet, parquet and linoleum.

GVL is not only leveling, but also soundproof and, to some extent, heat-saving material. However, at the same time, it “breathes” perfectly, that is, it allows air to pass through, which means it helps to maintain an optimal microclimate in the room. Also, the material is able to absorb excess moisture in the air of the room.

Another important advantage of GVL is the possibility of installing floor heating systems, even water, even electric, and combining them with it. The density of the sheets allows this to be done, while it is enough to use sheets with a thickness of only 10-12 mm. The material under the influence of temperature is not deformed and does not collapse.

Note! GVL is used not only for arranging floors, but also for cladding walls, ceilings, decorating window or doorways, to create boxes for communications, internal partitions in the premises.

Material Specifications

Some information about what a gypsum fiber sheet is is given above in the article, however, the material has certain characteristics.

Table. Technical characteristics of gypsum fiber sheets.

On a note! The length, width and thickness of GVL sheets may differ from those indicated in the table.

Sheets are used for the gypsum fiber base different sizes. For example, there are standard sheets that look like ordinary drywall. Their dimensions are 1200x1500 mm. Their dimensions are determined by GOST R 51829-2001. They are also suitable for creating interior partitions. To equip an even base, small-format sheets can be used, which are two ordinary sheets securely fastened together with a special glue. At the same time, the central axes of the sheets cannot coincide with each other, they will certainly be displaced, due to which folds are formed - one of simple options lock system, facilitating installation and providing a simple and convenient connection of several floor elements. The dimensions of small-format sheets are 1200x600 and 1500x500 mm.

GOST R 51829-2001. Gypsum sheets. Specifications. Download file (click on the link to open the PDF file in a new window).

On a note! When leveling subfloors, sheets of different sizes can be used. The first layer is usually created from a small-format version, and standard sheets of gypsum fiber are laid as the second.

Advantages and disadvantages of GVL plates

Like any other material, GVL has its pros and cons, which will certainly affect the decision - to choose or not to choose this floor leveling option in each case.

Advantages of using GVL:

versatility of the material;
ease of installation;
environmental friendliness;
high speed of work and the ability to continue repairing immediately after laying;
waste-free installation;
high strength and the ability to withstand significant loads;
ability to withstand exposure to moisture;
incombustibility, absence of deformation processes when exposed to temperature.

Disadvantages of GVL boards:

a large enough mass that requires an invitation to help another person;
fragility during installation, subject to improper handling of the material;
significant cost.

A lot of fakes have now appeared on the construction market, and therefore it is important to purchase GVL only from trusted manufacturers and with certificates confirming the quality and compliance with GOST requirements.

Varieties of GVL plates

GVL sheets according to their technical characteristics are divided into two types - moisture resistant and ordinary, standard. Ordinary ones are used more often for all indoor work, the main thing is that the rooms have dry air and optimal temperature regime. But moisture-resistant, which are labeled as GVLV, have a special impregnation that makes it possible to use the material in rooms that do not differ in optimal air humidity - bathrooms, saunas, basement floors etc.

Important! When buying moisture-resistant sheets, you should check all the elements of the material in the pack for the presence of markings indicating that the sheet is moisture-resistant, since negligent sellers can easily shuffle GVL with GVLV, which is not always noticeable immediately upon purchase, but is detected after delivery material in place. It is unlikely that the extra hassle of exchanging sheets is needed for those who perform repair work.

Dry screed technology

Since GVL is most often used specifically to create a dry version of the screed, consider what it is and what it consists of. Usually, the installation of this type of base begins with the laying of polystyrene foam - an insulating material. It is usually laid on bedding, for example, from expanded clay.

There are three main types of screed, which can be performed using GVL sheets.

In general, a dry screed consists of several layers. Her structure is like this.

Vapor barrier / waterproofing layer- the lowest, preventing the penetration of moisture coming from the ceiling to subfloor. Polyethylene with a thickness of at least 200 microns can be used as a waterproofing on a concrete floor, and glassine is best suited for a wooden floor. By the way, vapor barrier is usually used only on the upper floors, on the basement it is better to use waterproofing materials, since there is much more moisture there.
Compensation gasket, which is a tape fixed around the perimeter of the entire room near the floor. It can be made of foam, isolon and other materials. The material compensates for any expansion of the base that occurs during changes in humidity and temperature. This tape also provides additional noise absorption. Its excess, protruding above the level of the laid GVL, is cut off after installation is completed.
leveling layer, which will just be made of GVL or other leveling materials (for example, plywood).
GVL slabs act as pre-finishing floor. They can be additionally laid on top of plywood or other leveling material. The material is attached to the base with self-tapping screws or with the help of special glue.

On a note! If the floors have height differences of 10 cm or more, then it is necessary to install a third layer of GVL, which has exactly the same thickness as the two previous ones in total.

Some information about the use of the material

To properly lay the GVL on the floor, you need to know some of the nuances that will ensure an excellent final result of the work. For example, special sheets with a thickness of 10 mm are produced for floors - it is better to use them. Before laying GVL sheets, it is important to pour a layer of expanded clay on the base. It will provide additional leveling of the floor and help insulate the base. This is the most accessible and cheap option. Optimal size expanded clay fractions - 5 mm.

Also, guides are mounted on the base, which play two roles:

reference when pouring the base. Expanded clay in this case is poured to the edges of the guides, rammed and leveled with a long rule;
support for GVL sheets. Laying will be done more professionally if the material has support and places for fastening under it.

If the installation of GVL will be carried out on a wooden base, then it is important to properly prepare such floors beforehand. Preparation includes checking the floorboards for strength and, if necessary, replacing them. A floor screed is made if significant gaps are noted between the individual elements. Although some craftsmen do not produce a screed, arguing that if there are gaps, the floors will be better ventilated. So this step can be avoided.

Also, GVL sheets on a wooden base must be laid in two layers, which will make the base reliable and durable. GVL sheets are usually mounted on a tree if it is necessary to lay a floor covering that is demanding on the evenness of the base - for example, ceramic tiles, laminate. In other cases, the wooden base may not be leveled. GVL layers are fixed as follows - the first is attached to self-tapping screws, and the second is mounted on the first with PVA glue (at the same time, excess glue that protrudes between the seams is immediately removed). However, it will not be superfluous to fix it also with self-tapping screws. The laying of two layers must be carried out separately so that the seams do not coincide with each other. You need to move the sheets by about 20-30 cm. In this way, it will be possible to ensure that the base is as strong as possible.

Important! When laying GVL sheets, it is important to ensure that the gaps between the sheets are not more than 2 mm. Also, if a laminate or carpet will act as a finishing coating, the cracks must be puttied.

And one more condition that must be observed during the installation of GVL sheets, if they have folds. At the extreme row, located near the walls, they should be cut. Moreover, trimming is performed on already laid sheets.

Decorative Wall panels FIREPROTEC HPL, which are characterized by fire resistance, are produced on the basis of high-quality non-combustible panel FIREPROTEC SML Premium Etalon or GSP (gypsum board). HPL indoor panels are used in kindergartens and schools, offices and many other places to create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere.

Cement particle boards

Cement-bonded particle board (DSP) is considered an ideal material for sheathing partitions in flammable rooms, as well as the frame of buildings outside. Bases are leveled with these plates floor coverings because they have a hard and smooth surface. The plates lend themselves well to sawing, fireproof, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations.

Fire resistant fender board

A universal solution for protecting the walls of any buildings can be considered the use of a fire-resistant baffle board, which has high operational advantages. It is based on a non-combustible panel covered with HPL plastic, which is difficult to burn. The edges of the panel are processed with a special edge. In addition to the protective function, it is also characterized by excellent decorative properties, so it can decorate any room. to high operational indicators, the Breaker board is used in places of the big passability of the people: in kindergartens and schools, in hospitals and policlinics, stations and cinemas, supermarkets.
This material is environmentally friendly and moisture resistant, hygienic and safe, as well as aesthetic.
The fender board is available in different colors and sizes.

Sheet material "PVTN"

Vermiculite boards are sheet non-combustible materials created using expanded vermiculite. They are designed to protect against fire in industrial and civilian facilities, they are used in metallurgy, the oil industry. Vermiculite boards have:

Eco-friendly and fire resistant
High sound-absorbing and heat-insulating properties

Used to protect:

from fire in the ceilings between floors, cable routes, structures made of wood, reinforced concrete, steel load-bearing elements;
thermal protection of fireplaces, chimneys;
wall cladding of industrial, public facilities;
increasing fire protection in bank offices, hotels, cinema halls, sports complexes;
evacuation routes.

SKL panels

Durable and lightweight SKL panels are produced using calcium silicate filler. The material of the panel does not contain asbestos, so they are non-toxic, environmentally friendly. The sheets are moisture resistant, since they do not contain gypsum or hygroscopic materials.

SKL panels are very popular. These sheets are used for finishing walls, ceilings and floors. Fire-resistant qualities make them indispensable for protecting screens in high-temperature production, as well as for lining the walls of baths, finishing fireplaces and stoves.

Despite their special strength, they are also elastic; they can withstand bending up to 13.2 MPa. Due to the excellent soundproofing properties of up to 44 dB, the panels can be used to cover nightclubs, bars, walls of recording studios.

SKL panels contain antibacterial additives, so they are not exposed to fungal diseases and mold.

These glass-magnesite sheets are made from magnesium oxide with special additives. The sheets are double reinforced with fiberglass for rigidity.

The operational qualities of LSU are similar to SKL. But LSU sheets are more rigid and especially durable. This material is most used in places that require increased strength: they are in demand for the manufacture of billboards, roofing and floors.

Like SKL sheets, they are aesthetic and have antiseptic properties.

the high strength of the panels allows them to be used for reinforcement and finishing of foam and aerated concrete, facades, as well as sandwich panels.

GCR sheets

GKL is a well-known, popular drywall for everyone, we are talking about its refractory modification. GKL sheets can withstand direct exposure to open fire for up to 20 minutes. The sheets are grayish in color and require additional finishing.

Fiberboard

Fibrolit are bioresistant boards produced by pressing wood fiber, the so-called wood wool, and a binder of inorganic origin. Used fiber, which is obtained from the waste of woodworking machines. These boards are light in weight, have good acoustics and fire resistance: board chips are impregnated with cement, and they are not threatened by fire. The material can be easily fastened with self-tapping screws and nails, as well as dowels to any surface. It lends itself well to sawing. Composite fiberboard panels consist of two or three layers, the thermal insulation material of the middle layer of rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool) is up to 140 mm thick, at which the degree of thermal and sound insulation increases.

gypsum board

Gypsum boards are made from natural natural gypsum without the addition of toxic substances. This practical, environmentally friendly, odorless material meets all the requirements of fire safety standards. Gypsum slabs are considered an excellent material for building partitions in rooms, suspended multi-level ceilings, decorative niches and ledges. Walls, ceilings are leveled with them, communication pipes are “sewn up”.

Gypsum fiber sheet

Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are obtained by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum with cellulose waste paper, they are characterized by excellent technical and operational properties. These sheets are durable and have a good degree of refractoriness.

Gypsum fiber sheets are universal in use, are popular and in demand in construction and finishing work. With their help, they build interior partitions, make floor screed, mount suspended and level ceilings, clad walls. Everywhere they are indispensable as fire protection of any structures. Users appreciate GVL as a facing material with which they sheathe wooden surfaces, for low cost and fire resistance.

Oriented Strand Board

Oriented strand board (OSB) is produced by pressing chips with an adhesive resin under high pressure, which are made in various thicknesses - from 6 to 30 mm. OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards. Although the plates have such high strength, they are very flexible. Thanks to these properties, they are ideal for finishing and construction works, for example, for sheathing ceilings, walls, attics and verandas, they are used in the arrangement of the surface of subfloors, formwork is built, and used when facing wall panels. Thin floors are laid on the floors under the laminate OSB boards. IN last years they began to be used for low-rise construction. The original texture of OSB attracts designers in interior design. Using OSB, you can get a beautiful and original design ceiling.

Fire-resistant boards are not limited to the above types, there are a lot of them on the building materials market.

The flooring technology for residential and industrial buildings is identical. The differences concern only individual characteristics. For example, smoothness, aesthetics and low thermal conductivity are relevant for flooring in cottages and apartments.

For floors of industrial premises, resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and fire resistance is much more important.

It is possible to achieve compliance with most of these indicators by laying finishing coatings or impregnation with special compounds. To create the same draft floors of both categories, the same materials are used, similar technologies are used.

Flooring materials, reviews

Today, along with the “wet” method of laying floors from polymer, cement-sand or concrete mixtures, the “dry” method is also used, which involves laying ready-made gypsum fiber boards, moisture-resistant plywood, MDF, pressed wood chips, cork, DSP, board coverings on the base.

Of course, the total cost of materials for "dry" installation is somewhat higher than those used in the "wet" technology, but it is fully justified:

a significant reduction in the timing of the installation of coatings;
ease of installation, accessible even to people who do not have special training;
convenience and cleanliness in the performance of work.

Therefore, in residential construction, especially in the construction of private houses and cottages, laying slabs instead of concrete floors is used more and more often. Loads on floor coverings in domestic premises are quite suitable for the use of these materials. In addition, the low thermal conductivity and good sound absorption of some of them increases their value for residential construction.

Some rules for the device "dry" screed

Quite often, the laying of finished slabs is carried out in the old proven way - on logs installed on a concrete base. All spaces between the lags are laid with waterproofing materials, filled with insulation, taking into account the need for an air gap. Boards should be laid in two overlapping layers. They are glued together, tightened with screws, treated with water-repellent compounds.

Two-layer slabs with folds greatly facilitate the work of builders. Innovative materials for the installation of floors with built-in sound insulation, with an insulating layer, they are especially convenient, but have a high cost.

In order to avoid the large labor costs associated with the installation of the lag, in recent years, a new technology for laying slabs on fine-grained expanded clay. This material serves as a good insulation, perfectly smoothes the defects of the base. The first step is waterproofing. To do this, use an ordinary polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns or any rolled material. It solves an important problem - ensuring that moisture does not penetrate to the expanded clay, so the film should be overlapped by 15-20 cm, and the joints should be glued with construction tape.

After laying the waterproofing, a layer of expanded clay is poured on it, its thickness should not exceed 15-25 cm. The expanded clay is carefully leveled and compacted, and the insulation is distributed over it. When calculating the number of plates and their cutting, do not forget to take into account the need for an expansion joint around the perimeter of the room. Plates are laid directly on the insulating layer, without an air gap.

This is the main disadvantage of such floors, the technology is not recommended for use in rooms with high humidity. The plates are tightly adjusted to each other, the cracks are sealed with putty. They serve as an excellent base for the installation of any finished floor, from ceramic tiles to laminate or linoleum.

Varieties of sheet materials for subflooring

Plates differ in characteristics and cost, when choosing, you should evaluate the basic requirements for the room, its operating conditions, familiarize yourself with the main materials presented on the construction market:

gypsum fiber boards (GVL, GVLV) - sheet material made of gypsum and reinforced with cellulose, non-combustible, moisture resistant, provides good heat and sound insulation;
cement-bonded particle board (DSP) is made of Portland cement and thin wood chips, has characteristics identical to GVL, however, installation is complicated due to the not always the same thickness of the plates, the disadvantage is eliminated by grinding and puttying the joints;
chipboard (chipboard) consists of pressed chips, is highly durable, but is afraid of water, treatment with water-repellent compounds is recommended;
fiberboard (MDF) is made from wood fibers, it is a high-strength, but expensive material;
plywood - only moisture-resistant varieties are chosen for flooring, as ordinary ones exfoliate over time.

If the floors are arranged in rooms with increased level humidity, immediately choose boards treated with water-repellent impregnation. For the installation of floors in rooms with possible local loads, gypsum fiber boards should not be purchased, the probability of pushing through the subfloor is too high.

Concrete base - reliability above all

No matter how many new modern materials, experienced builders for pouring the subfloor, they prefer a time-tested screed made of concrete mix. Neglecting their own conveniences, despite the time spent, they perform the installation of floors using the old-fashioned method, because the reliability of the technology is known to everyone and has long been tested.

Mixtures for laying a concrete base are made independently from cement, sand, crushed stone, water or purchased ready-made:

cement, fillers are expanded clay, stone chips, various plasticizers;
gypsum, used only in dry rooms, ideal for laying flooring from boards;
sand concrete, the mixture for pouring concrete floors should not exceed grade M 300.

To obtain a decorative coating, the screed is ground and coated with a thin layer of polymer composition. Epoxy, polyurethane, methyl methacrylate mixtures not only give the floors an aesthetic appearance, but also significantly strengthen the concrete surface.

In order to obtain a reliable and durable floor covering as a result of the installation of concrete mix floors, you should adhere to the technology and know some subtleties.

For large volumes of pouring, arrange for uninterrupted delivery of the concrete mixture to the work site to prevent the appearance of cold joints.
Monitor the quality and uniformity of the concrete, the difference in the draft of the cone for each of the subsequent portions should not exceed 3-4 cm.
Install guides only on a rigid base, use a laser level for control.
To control the evenness of freshly poured concrete floors, use a building rule 2-3 m long.
To achieve high-quality compaction of the concrete mix, make two passes with a vibrating screed over the entire surface of the screed - in the forward and reverse direction.
12-24 hours after laying the mortar, cut shrinkage joints to 1/3 of the thickness of the screed to prevent cracks on the concrete surface.
To create a decorative coating, treat the floor surface with polymer mixtures, varnishes, colored topping, grinding or polishing.

What types of slabs for construction, repair and wall, floor and ceiling cladding exist? Their features, advantages and disadvantages. If we take for example, frame houses, then the durability and appearance of such houses directly depend on the panels used for the interior and outer skin. Moreover, the use of panels with a finished finish or a layer of thermal insulation (sandwich panel) significantly reduces the already short time for erecting a prefabricated frame house.

Chipboard

chipboard It is made by hot pressing wood shavings with binding thermoactive resins, which make up 6-18% of the weight of the shavings. Resins are environmentally unsafe, as they contain formaldehyde harmful to humans. According to the content of this substance, chipboard is divided into classes E1 and E2. More environmentally friendly class E1, it is allowed to be used in the production of even children's furniture. Entirely lined particle boards do not pose any harm to health, only open edges have a harmful effect. New technologies make it possible to produce Super E class boards, which are sanitary standards are considered safe. In general, the material has a sufficiently high density, low cost and ease of processing. Chipboards sheathe walls, roofs, make partitions, floors, use as a base for linoleum and carpeting.

Advantages of chipboard:

a wide range of colors, patterns, thicknesses;
easy to process;
structural homogeneity.

Disadvantages of chipboard:

does not hold screws and nails well, especially when reassembling;
vulnerable to moisture;
contains carcinogens (eg melamine).

MDF

Medium Density Wood Board or fibreboard dry pressing. MDF from English (Medium Density Fiberboard). It is made from wood chips, ground into flour by dry pressing, at high temperature and pressure with the addition of lignin, which is found in natural wood. Lignin makes this material environmentally friendly and resistant to fungi and microorganisms. MDF boards come in thicknesses from 3 to 30 mm and are laminated with plastics, varnished or veneered. In terms of moisture resistance and mechanical characteristics, MDF is superior to natural wood and chipboard. Also, MDF is 2 times stronger and holds screws better. MDF is used for interior decoration, for example, in the form of wall panels or laminated flooring - laminate, in the manufacture of furniture, speaker cabinets. MDF has a uniform structure, is easy to process, and is very durable.

Advantages of MDF:

fire resistance;
biostability;
high strength;
better than chipboard holds screws;
moisture resistance is higher than that of chipboard;
wide choice of colors and patterns thanks to film and veneer coating.

Disadvantages of MDF:

burns with the release of poisonous smoke;
pulverized sawdust formed during the processing and sawing of boards is harmful to health.

Drywall (gypsum board)

It is rightfully considered one of the most popular materials for leveling walls, ceilings and floors, the installation of interior partitions and even decor elements such as arches, columns, spheroids, multi-level ceiling coverings etc. main component drywall sheets gypsum filler serves and this determines many of the positive qualities of the building material. So, drywall is chemically inert, its acidity is approximately equal to the acidity of human skin, it does not contain and does not emit chemical compounds harmful to humans into the environment. A standard board is 93% gypsum dihydrate, 6% cardboard, and another 1% surfactants, starch and moisture.

Thus, the fragility of the panels makes it difficult to transport, loading and unloading. For the same reason, the GCR cannot withstand significant physical activity and is not recommended for leveling floors. Suspended plasterboard ceilings can support a weight of no more than 4 kg per square meter, while stretch ceiling capable of carrying a load of more than 100 kg per unit area.

A variation or more modern modification of a simple drywall sheet is painted or laminated drywall, gypsum vinyl or gypsum board- colored drywall, with a vinyl coating. A fundamentally new material that has an initially exclusive appearance with a wide choice of decor. It is used for interior wall cladding, for sewing up window slopes, creating partitions, shop windows and exhibition racks, without additional finishing.

Laminated drywall, gypsum vinyl or gypsolam - colored drywall, pasted over with a vinyl coating

These environmentally friendly non-combustible panels are a gypsum board glued on both sides with a special cardboard. They have an ideal geometry and are used for the construction of internal partitions and filing ceilings. Supplied in sheets 2700 (3000) x 1200 x 12 mm. Special brands of drywall are produced for wet (bathroom) and fire hazardous (fireplace wall) rooms. They are painted in "signal" colors - red and green. There is drywall and increased plasticity (thickness 6 mm, width 900 mm) for sheathing rounded walls. On the basis of drywall, “sandwich” panels are made with a heat-insulating layer of polyurethane foam (up to 50 mm). They are already used for interior cladding of exterior walls without subsequent insulation and vapor barrier. This significantly reduces construction time.

Advantages of drywall:

does not burn, but with significant heating is destroyed;

Disadvantages of drywall:

low strength, brittleness;
greater vulnerability to moisture even of a moisture-resistant variety;
does not tolerate low temperatures and significant temperature changes;
suitable only for interior decoration.

gypsum board

Gypsum boards practical, modern and environmentally friendly material, as it is made without the use of toxic substances from natural gypsum, which does not conduct electricity and has no smell. Gypsum board meets all fire safety requirements. Gypsum board, gypsum tongue-and-groove board (PGP) is the main material in the construction of partitions, suspended ceilings, various decorative ledges. It is used for leveling ceilings, walls, "stitching" communication systems. Gypsum board is moisture resistant and standard. Standard is used in buildings with normal humidity. For damp rooms, plates with hydrophobic additives are intended. Such plates are easily distinguished by their characteristic green color.

Advantages of gypsum boards:

environmental and sanitary safety;
easy to process: cut, drill;
low combustible material, flammability class G1
relatively cheap.

Disadvantages of gypsum boards:

low strength, brittleness;
great vulnerability to moisture even of a moisture-resistant variety.

Gypsum fiber sheet

Gypsum fiber sheet (GVL) is a modern environmentally friendly homogeneous material with excellent technical specifications. It is produced by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum and cellulose waste paper. According to its physical properties, the gypsum fiber sheet is a fairly strong, solid material, also famous for its refractory qualities.

Gypsum fiber sheet, due to its versatility, has become very widespread in the construction industry. It is used for the installation of interior partitions, floor screeds, suspended ceilings, wall cladding and fire protection of structures. GVL for the floor is popular, which serves to assemble the base of the floor covering, as well as the facing option, with which, for example, wooden surfaces are sheathed, thereby increasing their fire resistance. Depending on the area of application, gypsum-fiber sheets are divided into two types: GVLV (moisture resistant) and GVL (ordinary).

Advantages of gypsum fiber sheets:

GVL in comparison with GKL more easily tolerates sawing in any direction, as it is homogeneous in composition;
Higher strength due to reinforcement with cellulose fiber;
Increased sound insulation.

disadvantages gypsum fiber sheets:

Less bending strength than GKL;
Less suitable for interior decoration than GKL;
The need for pre-treatment before painting.

Cement particle boards (DSP)- ideal material for exterior cladding of frames and partitions in damp and flammable rooms, serves as a good leveling base for all floor coverings. It has a hard and smooth surface, is plastered and tiled, sawn with a hacksaw, non-flammable, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations. Supplied in sheets 3600 x 1200 x 10 (12, 16, 20 and 26) mm.

Plywood is one of the most common materials widely used in construction. Plywood is produced by gluing several layers of peeled veneer with phenol-formaldehyde resins. For this purpose, as a rule, birch or coniferous veneer of small thickness is used. The choice of these breeds is due to their widespread in our forests: in Europe, New Zealand and some other countries for the production of plywood different varieties oak, maple, hornbeam and even pear are widely used. Veneer bonding is carried out under pressure at elevated temperature. The resulting sheets are cooled, and after a short curing time they are collected in packs of 10 or 20 pieces.

Depending on the wood and glue used in the production of plywood, it is classified into:

plywood of increased moisture resistance (FSF)
plywood of medium moisture resistance (FC)
bakelized plywood (BF)

- is plywood coated on one or both sides with a paper-resin coating. This coating very effectively prevents the penetration of moisture, is highly resistant to abrasion and the formation of mold and fungus, resistant to corrosion and destruction. This type of plywood due to lamination is quite popular. Using lamination, you can apply almost any pattern or imitation under: oak, poplar, maple, birch, walnut, pine and larch.

Advantages of plywood:

high tensile and bending strength;
perfectly sawn, drilled and fastened with both nails and screws;
relatively inexpensive material.

Disadvantages of plywood:

resins used in veneer bonding contain a rather high concentration of phenolic compounds;
combustibility;

Oriented Strand Board

Oriented Strand Board (OSB), produced by pressing chips up to 0.7 mm thick and up to 140 mm long under high pressure and temperature using a small amount of adhesive resin. OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards due to the location of the chips longitudinally in the outer layers and transversely in the inner ones. With such strength, OSB is a very flexible material and is excellently used in construction and finishing works. OSB boards of various thicknesses (from 6 to 30 mm) are sheathed in attics, ceilings, walls, rough floors, formwork, wall panels, fences and collapsible structures are made from them. On the floor under the laminate, the thinnest slabs are usually used - 6 and 8 mm thick, for structures and formwork thicker ones - from 10 mm. OSB-3 is a more durable version of this material used in low-rise construction in high humidity conditions. Also, because of the original texture, OSB is a favorite material for decorators and designers for interior decoration. From OSB, a rather spectacular design of the ceiling or elements in built-in furniture or in walls is obtained.

As well as conventional stoves OSB, there are OSB grooved- a plate with the processed ends a groove - a crest, from the 2nd or 4th parties.

Advantages of OSB:

strength relative to other boards used;
moisture resistance is higher than that of chipboard and gypsum board;
wide size range;
cheaper chipboard;
holds screws well, even when re-driving.

Disadvantages of OSB:

it is processed worse than chipboard due to the heterogeneity of the structure;
dust released when cutting OSB irritates the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes.
contains formaldehyde, especially in moisture-resistant boards.

glass-magnesium sheet

glass-magnesium sheet or glass-magnesite sheet (SML) white, reinforced with fiberglass, 40 percent lighter than GVL, flexible, durable, fireproof, moisture resistant. Thanks to the reinforcing fiberglass mesh, LSU can bend with a curvature radius of up to three meters. This quality allows it to be used on uneven surfaces. High moisture resistant qualities allow it to be used in rooms with high humidity. It is allowed to stick any finishing materials on the front side of the plate. With a sheet thickness of 6mm, it is able to hold fire for 2 hours, withstands heating up to 1500 degrees. Sheet thickness: 3-20 mm.

Glass-magnesium sheet (SML) is a universal sheet finishing material based on magnesite and fiberglass. The manufacturing technology and composition of the material give it such qualities as flexibility, strength, fire resistance and moisture resistance. Its qualities allow it to be used on uneven surfaces and reduces the possibility of sheet fracture during installation and transfer. In addition, this material is environmentally friendly, does not contain harmful substances and asbestos, does not emit toxic substances even when heated. Unlike drywall, LSU-Premium class refers to slow-burning materials (NG).

The scope of glass-magnesium sheet is extremely high. As with drywall, ceilings, walls and interior partitions can be made from it. Moreover, with the help of glass-magnesite sheets, it is possible to finish the exterior facades of cottages and houses. LSU is a reliable basis for any kind of finishing. new material ideal for showers, saunas, swimming pools - after all, the glass-magnesium sheet is able to withstand high humidity, temperature changes and open fire. On the surface of the LSU, you can apply the most different types putties, paints, adhesives. You can stick wallpaper, aluminum-composite panels, veneer, plastic, ceramic, glass or mirror tiles.

The front (smooth) surface of the sheets is intended for painting, wallpapering, laminating and applying various kinds decorative textures without preliminary, final filling and priming of the entire surface of the material. The back (rough) surface of the sheets is designed for strong adhesion when gluing piece facing and decorative materials(ceramic or tiles, veneer, etc.), or the material itself on the walls and floor, gluing the sheets together. LSU can be mounted on a fastening system, both made of metal and wood. And also directly on the building envelope with glue.

Along with conventional glass-magnesium sheets, recently more and more often began to appear laminated glass-magnesium sheets with a variety of patterns and thicknesses of the outer coating.

Advantages of glass magnesite:

Moisture resistance - does not undergo deformation, does not swell and does not lose its properties;
Fire resistance - magnesite panels are non-combustible material;
Good soundproofing - a 12mm panel is equivalent in sound transmission to four layers of 12mm drywall, or brick wall 150mm thick;
High strength and flexibility - can bend with a radius of curvature from 25 cm to 3 meters;
Lighter than similar boards made of wood or gypsum;
Low thermal conductivity, can be used as an additional insulation;
It can be used for decoration, both outside and inside.

disadvantages glass-magnesite :

More brittle than gypsum fiber sheet;
When filling joints, it is necessary to use putties on chemical adhesives;
Properties vary considerably depending on the manufacturer and LSU class.

Fiberboard is a board material made by pressing a special wood fiber (wood wool) and an inorganic binder (magnesium binder). The fiber is obtained from the waste of the woodworking industry, as a result of processing on wood-planing machines. One of the advantages of fiberboard plates is a small volume weight. Fiberboard is fire resistant: the chips are impregnated with cement, and when exposed to fire, only soot is formed on them. Material allows various options finishes, easily attached to any structures with nails, self-tapping screws, dowels, easy to saw.

- slow-burning, biostable material, which is used as heat-insulating, structural-heat-insulating and acoustic materials in building structures of buildings and structures with relative humidity air is not higher than 75%.

Ordinary fiberboard are produced with a thickness of 3-5 mm using gray cement as a binder. These plates are used for various kinds of thermal insulation, when roofing and plastered partitions. Acoustic boards are usually made from fine wood wool (0.75-2 mm), which improves their appearance, are not covered with anything, and are also tinted in colors that are in harmony with the interior or are produced using magnesite or white cement instead of gray. Composite fiberboard is a two- or three-layer panel with a middle layer of thermal insulation material such as rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool). The thickness of the middle layer usually ranges from 15 to 140 mm, although the outer layers of fiberboard have a thickness of 5 to 20 mm. In this case, the level of thermal insulation is significantly increased.

Advantages of fiberboard plates:

Ease of installation;
Good heater;
Mechanically strong;
Extensive decorative possibilities;
Good moisture resistance and fire resistance;
Soundproofing;
Hygiene, harmlessness to human health and the environment;
Do not spoil rodents and insects, does not rot.

disadvantages fiberboard slabs :

Low bending strength;
Significant weight.

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