Quince - "noble apple". Japanese quince shrub - description of the plant and fruits Quince cultivation

Japanese is a perennial exotic shrub that grows wild in Asian countries. The shrub is loved and respected by gardeners for two reasons. By mid-autumn, quince fruits ripen on the shrub, carrying a whole complex of vitamins and having an original combination of taste and smell. But not only gardeners appreciate quince, flower growers and landscape designers respect the plant for abundant and luxurious flowering, the ability to use quince in the decor of the site, making up a bright flower bed, and also as a hedge. How to grow quince on your site, I will tell you today in this article.

Quince species

In nature, there are not so many types of quince, which cannot be said about the varieties, of which there are over five hundred, on the basis of which breeders create more and more new varieties of quince. However, the choice for growing crops on the site is not so great: the vast majority of varieties are not suitable for planting in our latitudes. Nevertheless, those who wish to enjoy the unique beauty of flowers and useful fruits will be able to choose for themselves the only species and variety that suits them in agricultural technology and the result. Among the common types are:

• Iva is beautiful. The name is not accidental, the shrub is valued for its unique decorative properties. A striking feature of the species and varieties is the change in leaf color throughout the season. At the beginning of the growing season, quince leaves are green, gradually by the flowering period the leaves become bright red, and by autumn they acquire a rich burgundy color.

• Quince Maulea. Among gardeners, it acquired the name "low quince" for its short stature in comparison with other representatives of the culture. The shrub reaches a height of no more than one and a half meters, the leaves of this species also change shade, but in this case they change color from red to green. The quince shoots are prickly, and the flowers resemble peonies in splendor.
• Chaenomeles of Catania. The most common variety for planting in areas of our country. It occupies such a popular position for a reason: the shrub is very impressive in size, its height reaches 3 m, while it is not afraid of frost and a sharp change in climate.

• Zubutlinskaya quince. Another representative of popular species. Zubutlinskaya quince is a kind of culture, in all respects suitable for the climatic zone of our country. Even the northern regions can boast of growing quince on the site, if we are talking about varieties of this species. A shrub without additional shelter is able to withstand frosts down to -30 degrees. In autumn, quince bears large and juicy fruits. Another advantage of growing quince is its resistance to diseases, which cannot be said with certainty about other species.

• Lady Pink. The result of a long and difficult path of breeders. The main advantage of the species is the bright lush buds of the most delicate Pink colour with yellow stamens. Most often, this type of quince is used by landscape designers for filling or planting hedges, quince fruits do not carry any special value.
• Crimson and Gold. A popular variety for those wishing to plant an impressive hedge. The convenience of the variety in sparse growth, due to which the care of the hedge requires less and more rare.

Planting Japanese quince

Quince growing conditions

When choosing a place for planting quince on the site, pay attention to the features of the agricultural technology of this crop.

• Lighting for quince. The plant loves sunlight very much, moreover, quince leaves and flowers are not afraid of direct sunlight. Therefore, crops can be planted directly in open areas. The location of quince in shaded places will not cause disease or death, but it will significantly affect the splendor and showiness of flowering, fruiting will be reduced or stopped altogether.
• Air temperature for quince. As already mentioned, the frost resistance of quince depends on the selected variety. But with positive temperatures everything is flatter: quince tolerates heat well.
• Air humidity for quince. Quince is a more drought-resistant plant, it does not suffer from a decrease in watering, does not require spraying, although in hot weather, of course, the culture needs watering. However, keep an eye on the amount of water, stagnation of moisture for a culture is more dangerous than lack.

Planting quince

Step-by-step instructions for planting Japanese quince are as follows:

• Choose the right time for planting quince. Gardeners recommend stopping at the spring planting of quince, in which case you can be sure that the shrub will have time to take root before the onset of winter. But if you live in the southern regions, autumn planting of quince is also available to you.
• Choose the right quince seedlings. Easily take root and quickly start growing seedlings of the age of two years.
• Properly prepare a place for planting quince. Each seedling needs a planting hole up to 0.8 m deep. Soil for quince should consist of leafy soil, peat and sand, apply fertilizer to the soil in the form of potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ash and humus.
• Plant quince correctly. Do not deepen the root neck, as well as raise it strongly above the surface of the earth. Arrange shrubs in groups, quince does not grow well alone. But do not mess with planting: in order for an adult plant to be comfortable, the step between the planting pits should be 1 m.

Quince care

It is not difficult to take care of quince, it is necessary to follow a number of sequential procedures.

• Watering quince. A feature of the quince root system is the length of root shoots, they can reach 5 m, thanks to which they do an excellent job of extracting groundwater for food. To roughly understand what moderate watering of quince means, remember this frequency: water young seedlings once every 3 weeks, adult shrubs once every 2 months.
• quince. Sanitary pruning of quince is practiced in the spring, and formative pruning of quince is also necessary to avoid thickening of branches and bush disease. Carry out procedures only in the spring, autumn pruning increases the risk of death from frost.

• Quince nutrition. Quince loves organic and mineral, however, it is important to make the right nutrition. The first year after planting, fertilizing the soil can do more harm than help, the culture has enough nutrients introduced during planting. Starting from the second year, start feeding the plant with the same set of fertilizers that you needed a year ago (in the form of superphosphate and potassium, organics - compost). Fertilize the near-stem soil, there is no need to dig.

• Winter quince. Non-frost-resistant varieties are available for planting only in the southern regions, those varieties that are able to endure sub-zero temperatures also need help. Build a shelter for quince during frost from spruce branches or a cardboard box. It is important to protect the plant from the wind and throw as thick a layer of snow as possible on top.
• Quince transplant. The culture does not tolerate a change of place very well, so it is better not to do this without an urgent need. If there is no other way out, carry the quince with a clod of earth, water it after transplantation, and try not to disturb.
• Quince diseases. The culture is quite resistant to various diseases and pest attacks, however, if trouble does occur, quince is well cured by spraying with a solution of copper sulphate.

Quince breeding

There are many ways to propagate quince, and, most interestingly, they are all effective, to one degree or another.

• Propagation of quince seeds. Unlike most cultivated plants, the quince seed propagation method is the fastest, most reliable and effective. Plant quince seeds in the prepared soil in the fall, during the winter the planting material will pass naturally, and in the spring the first sprouts will sprout in the garden.
• Propagation of quince cuttings. A method of propagation of quince, used to preserve varietal characteristics. Collect quince cuttings in early June, root in a mixture of sand and peat, plant in the garden in the fall.

• Propagation of quince by layering. Tilt the lower young shoot to the ground and fix it. Keep the ground moist in summer, keep hilling up. Next spring, separate the child layers and plant in a separate place.
• Propagation of quince by division. Due to the rapid and efficient growth of the root system, the division method is used by gardeners, despite the decrease in yield in the first year after division.

Planting quince in the garden is a good investment in the decorativeness of the site. Shrub care is minimal, and the benefits are obvious.

IN last years quince has become increasingly grown by gardeners. What is the reason? Undoubtedly, the advantage of this tree is its high yield, excellent early maturity. Its fruits, valuable for making juices, compotes, preserves, jams, make quince more and more popular. In this article we will talk about the most common varieties of this tree, as well as about the agricultural technology of quince in the garden.

Quince, fruits. © Dietrich Krieger

Botanical description of the plant

Quince (Cydonia) is a monotypic genus of woody plants of the Rosaceae family ( Rosaceae). View Quince ordinary, or Quince oblong (Cydonia oblonga) is the only representative of this genus. Popular names: bodryana, femur, hun, kvit, kvitovoe tree.

Quince is a small tree or shrub 1.5-3 m high with a spreading crown and a trunk up to 50 cm in diameter, dressed in dark gray or blackish-brown, thin, constantly peeling bark.

The leaves are alternate, ovate or oval, large, dark green above, grayish-felt below. Quince flowers - solitary, large, white or pink, on short drooping pedicels - appear in May-June.

Quince fruits are fragrant, spherical or pear-shaped, lemon or dark yellow, in some varieties with a slight blush. Their pulp is tough due to the presence of numerous stony cells, low-juicy, tart, sweetish.

The seeds are numerous Brown color, from above are covered with a peel strongly mucilaginous in water. Quince fruits ripen in September-October.

In ancient times, on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, the quince was revered as a symbol of love and fertility and was dedicated to the goddess of love, Venus. In the wild, it is found in the east of Russia.

Quince is bred as a fruit tree, producing beautiful and fragrant fruits, and as a rootstock for grafting pears in the form culture. The quince distribution area is the entire Caucasus, Crimea, Moldova and Central Asia. Quince propagates by seeds, cuttings, layering and grafting; fruits are used both raw and in compotes, jelly, jam and baked, as a seasoning for meat.

Quince, general form tree with fruits. © Don Manfredo

Quince care

During the cultivation of quince, its bushes, when shaped and pruned, should have branches almost parallel to the surface of the earth; their height is about 50 cm above the root neck. The thickening of the bush should not be allowed, the maximum number of branches on one plant is 10-15, of which 2-3 are aged from 4 to 5 years, 3-4 branches are three-year-old, the same number are two-year-old, the rest are annual.

The quince annually cut old five-year-old branches with low yields and fading growth. Strong growth of vertical top-type shoots should not be allowed, they are pinched as they appear or completely cut out before the buds awaken. This is best done in the spring, as autumn pruning reduces the winter hardiness of the bushes. Weakened branches in contact with the soil are cut out every spring.

Quince harvesting starts from the third decade of September, until autumn frosts. Large, well-ripened fruits are stored until the beginning of February at a temperature of + 2 ... + 3 ° C.

Quince is usually planted in the spring before the appearance of a green cone on the buds.

Growing quince from seed

If planting material no, then for growing quince, you can select the largest, well-ripened seeds from the fruits, place them in wet sand in early February (3-4 parts of washed sand for 1 part of seeds) and in ordinary home household refrigerator about 2-2.5 months. keep in a plastic bag with small holes made with a nail to allow air to enter.

Quince prefers early sowing in loose fertile soil, preferably not acidic (pH no more than 6-7). Good soil will ensure effective seed germination, and by autumn the seedlings will reach a height of 40-50 cm.

The resulting quince seedlings are transferred in autumn to permanent place and plant no deeper than they grew the first year. The distance between plants is 0.5-1 m, between rows is 2-3 m. For planting, sites that are well protected from the wind are chosen.

Snow retention gives a great effect: small shields are installed, spruce branches are laid out, in winter the bulk of the branches, being under the snow, tolerate a sharp cold snap well. In cold winters, quince branches die from frost if left above the snow.

Quince, fruits. © Dietrich Krieger

Quince requirements for environmental conditions

Temperature

Quince is a heat-loving plant, but compared to other southern crops, it is more winter-hardy. In terms of resistance to adverse wintering conditions, quince surpasses peach, apricot, cherry plum and most autumn and winter southern pear varieties.

Quince successfully grows and bears fruit at an average annual temperature of at least 8°C. Freezing of buds and annual growth is observed only in the most severe winters, when the temperature drops to -28 ... -30 ° С. In the south, damage to the buds by frost is rare, more often flowers are damaged by return spring frosts.

Temperatures of -2 ... -2.5 ° C are disastrous for flowers in the phase - a loose bud. With a frost duration of 3-5 days, for the death of flowers, even in the phase of isolation of the bud, it is sufficient to lower the temperature to -1°C.

Light

Quince is photophilous, grows poorly in the shade, the branches are drawn out, becoming thin and bare. Such trees bloom and bear fruit weakly, and the fruits lose their specific “quince” aroma, their pubescence becomes thick and persistent.

Quince fruit. © Lazaregagnidze

Moisture

Due to the shallow root system, quince needs irrigation, while the trees tolerate flooding for 20-30 days. But they are also able to tolerate drought, although both excessive moisture and drought adversely affect the quality of the fruit. Their flesh becomes woody, hard, and the number of stony cells increases. Successful management of an irrigated crop usually requires 4-5 irrigations during the growing season with mandatory water-charging irrigation.

The soil

Quince is less demanding on soil conditions than apple and pear. It can grow and bear fruit on a wide variety of soils, including saline ones. Meadow-chernozem, degraded chernozem, light and heavy clay, chestnut sandy loamy soils are suitable for quince plantations. On lighter sandy soils, plants are less productive and short-lived. Quince works best on loose, well-aerated and sufficiently moist soils.

Quince blossom. © Tertulien

Quince crown formation and pruning

On annual quince seedlings, a bole is measured (50-60 cm from the grafting site) and 7-8 buds are counted above the bole. The first tier is formed from 3-4 branches, which are left through the kidney at a distance of 10-15 cm from one another.

The second tier is created from single branches located after 30-35 cm or two adjacent branches - after 50-60 cm, thus forming the main branches. To avoid breakage, the main branches should depart from the trunk at an angle of at least 45 degrees.

A biennial tree begins to form from the lower main branch, which is shortened by 50-60 cm from the base. The remaining main branches are cut at the same level in height. The conductor is cut 20-25 cm above the level of the main branches.

The main task of the first years of formation is the selection of branches of the second and third orders, necessary to create a solid foundation for the tree. The first branch of the second order is laid at a distance of 30-40 cm from the tree trunk, the second - at a distance of 30-40 cm from the first on the opposite side. The continuation shoots are pruned, subordinating them to the branches of the first order.

During initial fruiting, pruning consists of shortening and thinning. By the end of the period of full fruiting, partial rejuvenation of the crown is used. To do this, the main and overgrowing branches are cut to 2-3-year-old wood.

Types and varieties of quince

Quince is represented by one species - common quince, which combines several varieties.

Quince varieties

Anzherska- French variety of quince. The trees are medium-sized, early-growing, apple-shaped fruits. The skin is smooth, lemon-yellow in color. The pulp is dense, around the heart with granulations. Used for processing and for fresh consumption.

Ilmennaya- trees are productive, moderately winter-hardy. The fruits are above average. The skin is bright yellow. The pulp has a small amount of stony particles, sweet and sour taste. Used for processing and fresh consumption.

Collective- quince variety is high-yielding, drought-resistant and winter-hardy. Trees are medium. The fruits are large, apple-shaped, bright yellow. The pulp is light yellow, medium-dense, with a low content of stony cells. Fruits are stored for 2-3 months.

Krasnoslobodskaya- quince variety of medium winter hardiness, good yield. The trees are short, with a sparse spreading crown. The fruits are large (up to 400 g), apple-shaped, ribbed, bright yellow. The pulp is light yellow, medium firm, juicy, aromatic. There are almost no stony cells. Fruits are stored up to 3 months.

Teplovskaya- quince variety of good winter hardiness and productivity. The trees are medium-sized, the fruits are medium-sized, sometimes large, apple-shaped, yellow. The pulp is dense, fragrant, with a large number of stony cells located around the core. Fruits are stored for 3-4 months.

Quince fruit. © Dinkum

Diseases and pests

Quince is relatively little susceptible to disease and pest attack.

Quince diseases

One of the most unpleasant diseases of quince is the death of ovaries. The causative agent of the disease is a fungal infection. Mycelium overwinters in dried fruits and infected branches. Brown spots appear on the leaves, which gradually grow and cover the entire leaf blade. During flowering, spores of the fungus also fall on the stigmas. There they germinate, penetrate the young ovaries and destroy them.

Other diseases of quince are also leaf brownness and fruit rot.

Quince pests

Leafminating moth. The snake-like moth and the round-mining moth cause the greatest harm. Their caterpillars feed on the leaves of almost all fruit species.

Fight against diseases and pests. Prevention measures

1. Dried quince fruits are collected and destroyed, and dry and broken twigs are cut out to avoid the death of ovaries, brown spots and leaf moths.
2. From the moment the buds swell until the beginning of flowering, the tree is sprayed with a 0.1% solution of foundationazole and a 0.15% solution of dipterex against ovary rotting, against leaf moth, etc.
3. During flowering, quince is sprayed with a 0.08-0.1% solution of foundationazole against rotting of the ovaries.
4. After the end of flowering, spraying is carried out with a 0.1% solution of foundationazole, but in combination with a 0.12% solution of dipterex - against rotting of the ovaries, against brownish leaves, fruit rot and some pests.
5. In case of damage by oidium, 12-14 days after spraying (after flowering), they are treated with the same preparations as in the previous spraying.

I love the fruits of this tree very much, and quince jam is just a fairy tale! And as my grandmother says, she does not know a person who could not grow this tree. If you succeed, then you will undoubtedly be rewarded with a large harvest of this tree, it was not for nothing that it was considered a symbol of fertility! And if you already have experience in growing quince, we will be happy to listen to your advice! Please leave comments on the article.

Quince ordinary (Cydonia), or quince oblong - this woody plant belongs to a monotypic genus, which is a representative of the rose family. In the wild, such a plant is found in Transcaucasia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and also in temperate regions of Southern and Central Europe and Asia. At the same time, this plant prefers to grow in clearings, edges and clearings, in the lower belt of mountains, as well as along the banks of streams and rivers. Such a tree needs moist, loose, heavy loamy, black earth, nutritious sandy or red earth soil.

Quince is cultivated in Australia, South Africa and Oceania, which have a hot climate, as well as in North and South America. Another such tree is grown in Norway and Scotland, where the climate is quite cool. Quince has been known to man for more than 4 thousand years. This fruit was given to Aphrodite, who defeated other contenders in a dispute about beauty, while it was believed that the quince is a kind of apple.

Quince is a deciduous shrub or tree. The height of such a plant can vary from 1.5 to 5 meters. Branches rise obliquely upwards. The thin and smooth bark is scaly. The color of the trunk and old branches of quince is dark brown-red or dark gray. Young branches are covered with hairy brown-gray bark. Felt-pubescent stems have a greenish-gray color. Alternately arranged entire leaf blades ovoid or oval in shape, as a rule, broadly elliptical, but sometimes rounded. Their front surface is bare dark green, and the wrong side has a bluish color due to the fact that it is covered with felt pubescence. The length of the foliage is 5–12 centimeters, and the width is 7.5 centimeters, there are two-centimeter petioles. As a rule, the flowers are solitary, regular in shape, there is pubescence on the surface of the pedicels. Flowering begins in May or June. The fruit is a false fleecy apple, the shape of which is pear-shaped or round, and the color is dark yellow or lemon. Inside the fruit there are 5 multi-seeded nests. The fruits of wild plants in diameter reach 25–35 mm, while in cultivated forms their diameter can reach up to 15 centimeters. The fragrant pulp of the fruit is low-juicy and hard, it has a tart, astringent and slightly sweet taste. Fruit ripening occurs in September and October. The average life expectancy of such a plant is about 60 years, it begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age, and active fruiting lasts from 30 to 50 years.

This plant is related to many crops grown in the garden, namely, pear, cherry plum, hawthorn, almond, mountain ash, apple tree, plum, medlar, wild rose, irga, chokeberry and other cultivated plants popular among gardeners. From the fruits of quince, you can make jelly, compote, jam, marmalade, drinks, they are also used as a seasoning for meat dishes. In alternative medicine, quince has also found its place, it is used in the treatment of colitis, uterine bleeding, constipation, flatulence, respiratory diseases and in the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract. During flowering, the plant looks very impressive, in this regard, it is used to decorate public parks, gardens and squares.

What time to plant

Such a drought-resistant and heat-loving plant as quince is able to withstand even a four-week flood, so it can be planted in areas where ground water lie shallow. The most suitable for landing is an open place located with south side. Quince can be grown on almost any soil, but at the same time, it has the best fruiting when cultivated on well-loosened heavy soil. If it is planted in light sandy loamy soil, then it will begin to bear fruit earlier, but at the same time, the crops will not be so rich, and the plant itself will not live very long. Planting a seedling in open ground must be produced during the dormant period, namely, in autumn and spring.

autumn planting

In the event that you purchase annual seedlings, you can take plants with both open and closed root systems. But if the seedlings are older, then preference should be given to those that have open system roots, as you can see it well. Remember that in quince growing in open soil, the root system, as a rule, occupies a larger area than the projection of the crown, in this regard, a distance of at least 5 meters must be kept between the planted seedling and any other tree or structure.

In the event that the autumn planting of quince in open soil is expected, then the preparation of the hole should be started in the spring. To do this, it is necessary to dig the soil to the depth of the bayonet of a shovel, while adding 20 grams of potassium salt and 50 grams of superphosphate to each 1 square meter. The dug up and fertilized soil should be watered a little. Before planting the plant itself, it is necessary to dig a planting hole, the depth of which should be 0.4 m, and the diameter should be 0.45–0.9 m. At the same time, remember that the diameter of the hole directly depends on the size of the root system of the seedling. To begin with, in the center of the pit, it is necessary to drive a peg to which the seedling will be tied. At its bottom it is necessary to lay a layer of clay. Now, at 1/3 of the remaining depth, the hole must be covered with nutrient soil, which is combined with 150 grams of superphosphate and 50 grams wood ash. When the hole is ready, you need to place a seedling in it. The root system of the plant is carefully straightened, and the hole is filled with soil, which needs to be compacted a little. Planted quince needs good watering, while at least 20 liters of water is taken per bush. After the liquid is completely absorbed into the soil, the plant should be tied to a peg, and then the surface of the near-stem circle is mulched with a thick layer of peat or humus.

spring planting

In spring, planting seedlings in open soil is carried out in exactly the same way as in autumn. However, it should be noted that digging and fertilizing the soil must be done in the autumn. Also, after planting, the trunk circle should be covered with a thinner layer of mulch compared to the autumn planting, about 5 centimeters, instead of 10 centimeters.

How to care in spring

In the first weeks of spring, before the sap flow begins, it is necessary to prune the quince for sanitary purposes, while cutting out all dried, diseased and injured branches. If the tree is young, then at the same time they give it a shaping haircut, and if it is old, a rejuvenating one. As soon as the buds begin to open, the plant should be treated with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (3%). However, remember that such a substance can burn open kidneys. At about the same time it is necessary to whitewash the base of the skeletal branches and trunk, and lime is used for this. And in the soil you need to make a complete mineral fertilizer.

The treatment of quince against sawflies, moths, aphids, moths, leafworms and powdery mildew should be carried out on a pink bud, for this, Fastka's solution is used (3 milligrams of a substance per 1 bucket of water) or another means of similar action.

Before the plant blooms, and also at the end of flowering, the quince will need to be watered abundantly, while the water should be mixed with a complex mineral fertilizer.

1.5 weeks after the plant has faded, it is necessary to treat the plant in order to prevent leaf-eating pests, sawflies, fruit rot and scab, for this, Topaz or other preparations of a similar effect are used.

How to care in summer

In June, the bush should be treated from golden tails, moths, codling moths, aphids, leafworms, for this, Sonnet's solution is used (for 1 bucket of water from 6 to 8 milligrams of the substance). Further processing during the season is carried out only if necessary.

This plant, both in spring and in summer, needs timely weeding and loosening of the soil surface both in the row-spacing and in the near-trunk circle. To reduce the number of weeding and loosening, it is necessary to cover the near-stem circle of the plant with a layer of mulch. In July, it should be fed with a complete mineral fertilizer.

In August and September ripening of quince fruits is observed. It should be remembered that 4 weeks before harvesting, it is necessary to stop any treatment of the plant from diseases and pests.

How to care in autumn

Harvesting is carried out from the last days of September to the end of November. Then the quince should be sprayed with a solution of urea (5%) to protect it from scab. In autumn, the so-called water-charging irrigation is carried out. When all the leaves fall, the plant will begin a dormant period. When this happens, it will be necessary to make rejuvenating, thinning and sanitary pruning. Preparation of the tree for wintering should be done in November.

Quince needs systematic watering, which should be 4 or 5 per season. Young seedlings need more frequent watering. A tree that is already bearing fruit should be watered for the first time only before it blooms, especially if the spring turned out to be dry. The second time you need to water the quince when it blooms, the third - when the ovaries fall off, the fourth - when the shoots start to grow, the fifth - when the formed fruits begin to grow actively.

Young plants should stop watering in last days August, and older specimens - in the first days of September. The soil during irrigation should be saturated to the depth of the roots, namely, 0.8–1 meter. For 1 young plant, 40 buckets of water should go for one watering, and 80 buckets for 1 adult. This plant is able to withstand both prolonged drought and prolonged flooding. However, in order to get a rich harvest of excellent quality, neither one nor the other should be allowed, and the plants must be watered in a timely and correct manner.

Quince top dressing

A newly planted quince should not be fed for 1 year, because for this time it will have enough of those nutrients that were introduced into the soil during planting. Organic fertilizers (humus and compost) should be applied to the soil no more than 1 time in 2 years. At the same time, quince is fed with mineral fertilizers 3 times per season, namely: in spring, summer and autumn.

In springtime, nitrogen fertilizer should be scattered on the surface of the near-stem circle. When the tree fades, it must be shed with a solution of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (for 1 bucket of water from 200 to 300 grams of the substance). In August, phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be applied to the soil, while 30 to 40 grams of the substance is taken per 1 square meter. In spring and autumn, it is imperative to cover the surface of the near-stem circle with mulch (compost or peat), while the layer thickness must be at least 50 mm.

Quince is not frost-resistant, because its root system is located horizontally at a not too great depth, so it can easily freeze slightly. When preparing a plant for wintering, it is necessary to cover the surface of the near-stem circle, as well as the bottom of the trunk with dried leaves or humus. After the snow falls, a snowdrift should be thrown under the quince, which will allow the plant to survive the winter normally. If it is grown in a region with frosty winters, then it is also recommended to insulate it by wrapping it with spanbond or lutrasil, then it must be tied with spruce branches.

What time is pruning

The main pruning of quince is carried out in the spring, before the sap flow begins. All dried and diseased branches that are destroyed should be cut off. If the plant is old, then it needs rejuvenating and thinning pruning. Quince until the age of five requires regular shaping pruning. In August, you should pinch the ends of fast-growing stems. When all the leaves fall in autumn and the dormant period begins, the quince will only need thinning and sanitary pruning.

Trimming Rules

The formation of the crown of tall varieties is made in the form of a bowl with an open center, for this you need 4 or 5 skeletal branches, the distance between which should be from 15 to 20 centimeters. In undersized varieties, a sparse-tiered crown should be formed, for this you will need from 8 to 10 skeletal branches, with evenly spaced lateral branches. The height of the quince bole should not exceed 0.4–0.5 meters. Further pruning of quince is very similar to pruning of apple trees.

spring pruning

After the seedling is planted in the spring, it will need pruning to a height of 0.5–0.6 m, while 7 or 8 buds should remain, of which the lower tier will be formed - 4 or 5 branches, the distance between which should be from 10 to 15 centimeters, and then the second tier of branches, located 0.3–0.4 m higher. When planting a seedling in the autumn, pruning is carried out with the onset of the spring period. 12 months after the first pruning, in spring, the central branch of the plant (conductor) should be cut to a height of 0.2–0.3 m from the level of skeletal branches to the outer bud. At the same time, annual growths located on the lower tier should be shortened to 0.5–0.6 m, as a result, branches of the second order will form. Side branches are not pruned, only those that contribute to the thickening of the center of the crown or compete with the conductor. Basal shoots must be cut out. Before the quince begins to bear fruit, which happens at 3 or 4 years old, as a rule, it already has a fully formed crown.

autumn pruning

From the fifth year of growth, the plant only needs to maintain the shape of the crown, and this is recommended to be done in the spring. In the autumn months after the end of leaf fall, the tree will need pruning for sanitary purposes, while cutting out all injured, diseased, dried and thickening branches, as well as those that grow in the wrong direction.

Quince breeding

Quince can be propagated by cuttings, root offspring, layering, grafting, and also by seed. At the same time, the generative (seed) method of reproduction is the simplest.

Reproduction of quince seeds

You will need ripe fruits that have been harvested no more than 4 weeks ago. Brown seeds should be extracted from them, which are washed in tepid water. Spread them on the surface of dry paper or fabric and wait until it dries completely. These seeds retain good germination for 6 months. It is best to sow before winter. However, this can also be done in the spring, but in this case, the seeds must first be stratified. To do this, immerse them in water for 5–6 hours, and then combine them with sand (1: 3) and place them in the refrigerator on the vegetable shelf, where they will be until sowing.

Before winter, sowing is done in open soil in October, while deepening them by only 20–30 mm. After sowing, the surface of the site must be covered with a layer of mulch (humus or peat). Between the rows, a distance of 0.2 to 0.25 m must be observed, while more than 100 seeds cannot be sown per linear meter. After the seedlings appear in the spring, they should be thinned out 2 times. During the first thinning, keep a distance of 10 centimeters between the plants, and during the second thinning, from 15 to 20 centimeters.

In the event that the seeds were placed on the refrigerator shelf in February, then it is recommended to sow them in open soil in April. How to sow is described above. However, if the beginning of stratification falls on December, then sowing should be done in the last days of February or the first - in March, while 2 or 3 seeds should be placed in 1 peat-humus pot at once, deepening them by 20–40 mm. Quince seedlings are grown like any other. When it becomes warm enough outside, you should start hardening the seedlings, after which it should be planted in the ground without removing it from the pots. Before planting, the soil must be digged onto the bayonet of a shovel, it is moistened and only then it is planted, while maintaining a distance of 10-15 centimeters between the bushes. The planted seedlings need to be watered, and the surface of the soil is sprinkled with a layer of mulch. When the plants have 2 true leaf plates, they will need to be thinned out, the second time this is done after 20 days.

By the beginning of the autumn period, the height of the plants will reach approximately 0.4 m, and they can be planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction of quince by root offspring

Root offspring are root shoots that need to be cut regularly. If you want to choose this particular method for quince propagation, then keep in mind that the grown tree will have a poorly developed root system and medium-sized fruits. But if you follow certain rules, then normal seedlings can be grown from the shoots. Choose those basal offspring whose height is from 15 to 20 centimeters, and the thickness is from 0.5 centimeters. They should be well heaped up so that the soil is close to the stem. After 20 days, they will need to be spudded again. In autumn, it is necessary to separate the root offspring from the mother bush, as well as plant it in a permanent place. For the winter, the surface of the soil near it must be covered with a layer of humus or wood chips.

Propagation of quince by layering

For propagation of such a plant, horizontal or arcuate layering is used. How are these withdrawals different? The fact is that in the arcuate layer, only the middle part is pinned and covered with soil, and in the horizontal one, the entire stem must be laid in the groove, leaving only the top free, it is fixed in this position every 15 centimeters. Vertical shoots can grow from lateral buds. When the height of such shoots is 0.15–0.2 m, they must be spudded, while half covered with soil. In the summer, provide timely watering and weeding to the layering, and when the leaf fall ends, they are cut off from the mother plant and planted in a permanent place.

Propagation of quince by cuttings

Green cuttings are harvested in June in the morning while it is cool outside. Each handle should have 1 or 2 internodes and a centimeter-long heel. The bottom of the cutting should be treated with Kornevin, then it is planted at an angle in a substrate consisting of peat and sand (1: 3). When planting between cuttings, a distance of 5 to 7 centimeters should be observed. In a warm place (from 20 to 25 degrees), the cuttings will take root after about 4-6 weeks. Rooted cuttings should be planted in a permanent place.

Quince is also propagated by lignified cuttings, the length of which should be 0.25 m, while the lower cut should be made directly under the kidney. For their rooting, the same substrate is used as for green cuttings. Planted cuttings should be placed in a greenhouse.

Reproduction of quince by grafting

In order to graft a cultural cutting of such a plant, you need to take a hawthorn stock or quince seedlings grown from seeds. The best rootstocks will grow from varieties such as Angers quince and Provence quince. Budding is carried out from the beginning to the middle of August, while annual rootstocks are used. But it should be noted that often it is quince that acts as a stock for other crops. In this regard, experts recommend choosing other methods listed above for its reproduction. If you decide to propagate the quince by grafting, then this procedure should be done in exactly the same way as during the grafting of an apple tree.

Quince diseases

Fairly common diseases of quince are: moniliosis (fruit rot), rust, brownish leaves, powdery mildew, ovary rotting, and gray rot of fruits.

Such a fungal disease as moniliosis spreads in regions with a temperate climate in damp spring and from the beginning to the middle of the summer period. Mechanically damaged fruits are the first to become infected, brown spots appear on their surface, which increase rather quickly. In fruits, the pulp loses its taste and becomes loose, as a result, they fall off. However, some fruits remain on the branches, but become blue and hard. To get rid of such a disease, it is necessary to treat the plant with a Bordeaux mixture, Rovral, Abiga Peak, blue vitriol, Teldor, or another fungicidal preparation of a similar effect.

If a large number of brown spots of a rounded shape appear on the surface of the leaf plates, then this indicates that the specimen is affected by the brownishness of the leaves. As the disease progresses, the leaf blades dry out and die prematurely. To get rid of such a disease, when the plant fades, it must be sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux liquid (1%). Remove fallen leaves from the site and destroy it.

If at the ends of young annual shoots a plaque of a pale red or whitish color appears, this means that the quince is affected by powdery mildew. After some time, the plaque thickens and becomes a brown film, on the surface of which there are black dots (fruiting bodies of fungi). The development of the stems stops, the deformation of the leaf plates and the shedding of the ovaries occur. The plant at the growing points begins to dry out. To cure quince, when it fades, it must be sprayed with a fungicide, re-treatment is carried out after 15–20 days.

When a plant is affected by a fungal disease such as rust, brownish-orange tubercles form on the front surface of the leaf plates, while round or oval pustules appear on the wrong surface. After some time, the spots become stripes, and the leaves change their color to yellow and fly around ahead of time. To cure the plant, it is necessary after the leaf plates open, spray it with a fungicide, after half a month the treatment is repeated.

Rotting ovaries

Quince can also be affected by rotting of the ovaries, this disease is also among the fungal ones. You can understand that the plant is affected by the appearance of dark spots on the surface of the leaf plate, which eventually spread throughout the leaf. When the plant blooms, the disease affects the buds and flowers of the plant, while the ovaries die off. Experts recommend that to prevent this disease, systematic sanitary pruning should be carried out, while all injured and diseased branches should be removed, and all dried fruits should be burned. During flowering, it is necessary to spray the plant with a solution of Fundazol. Also, this treatment can be done when the quince has faded.

Gray rot

If brown spots (necrosis) appear on the surface of the foliage and stems, which increase very quickly, this means that the plant is affected by gray rot. If there is high humidity outside, then a fluffy coating appears on the surface of these spots. The causative agent of this kind of rot is distinguished by its omnivorous nature, and it also quickly spreads to neighboring plants. To cure an infected tree, you need to spray it with Oxychum, Topaz, Kuproksat or Champion.

However, if the quince is properly cared for, observing all the rules of agricultural technology, then it is unlikely to get sick. Basic rules of agricultural technology:

1. The surface of the soil around the plant must be clean at all times.
2. When all the fruits are harvested, the tree must be sprayed for prevention with a solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture.
3. Copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid should be sprayed on the plant in early spring, which will exterminate all pests and pathogenic microorganisms that hide in the topsoil or quince bark for the winter.

Quince pests

Quince is highly resistant to various pests, and if it is healthy, then, as a rule, such insects do not settle on it. However, very rarely, apple codling moths, leaf moths, fruit mites and apple aphids can settle on it.

leafmining moth

Leaf-mining moth - this is how all pests that mine the leaf plates of a tree are called. As a result, they die off, and the quality of the crop deteriorates, and the number of fruits decreases. A weakened plant is unable to bud, and it is also often damaged by frost. Most often on such a plant there is a snake-like and round-mining species of moth. In the fight against such pests, it is necessary to spray the plant with a solution of Fundazol (1%) or Dipterex (1.5%) after it has faded. Also, keep the surface of the trunk circle clean.

fruit mites

Red and brown fruit mites settle on any fruit tree. The larvae of such insects contribute to the oppression of young stems and buds, as they suck the juice out of them. As a result, the garden begins to "cry" because juice oozes from the wounds. For prevention purposes, during the fall of foliage, the plant must be sprayed with a solution of urea (7%).

Aphids can settle on any plant and cause significant harm to it. This pest sucks the juice from the young stems and leaf plates of the plant, which leads to their deformation and folding, they stop growing, and a black coating appears on their surface due to soot fungus. Aphids are considered the main carrier of dangerous viral diseases that have not yet been effectively treated. In order to exterminate the aphids, it is enough to spray the quince with an insecticide. If desired, you can resort to folk remedies, for example, chop 1 piece on a grater laundry soap and dissolve it in 10 liters of water, spray both the front and back surfaces of the foliage with this solution. This tool is remarkable in that it does not harm quince.

codling moth

Even the fruit of a walnut cannot resist codling moth She chews it up with ease. After the end of flowering of quince, the butterflies of this pest are selected from under the ground. They are distinguished by their fecundity, for example, in 1 season they are able to breed 2 or 3 generations. 1 caterpillar manages to harm several fruits during its life. To destroy this pest, it is recommended to use solutions of biological agents, for example, 20 to 30 grams of Lepidocide, 40 to 80 grams of Bitoxibacillin, or 30 to 50 grams of Dendrobacillin are taken for 1 bucket of water.

In order to avoid the invasion of pests, it is necessary to resort to preventive measures:

1. Perform timely weeding, and also remove carrion from the site.
2. Fill the trunk circle with a layer of mulch (humus or peat).
3. To prevent creeping pests from reaching the plant, it is necessary to resort to the use of trapping belts.
4. In the spring, be sure to sanitary pruning, while diseased stems and branches must be burned.
5. At the beginning of the spring period and in late autumn, quince should be sprayed with a solution of urea (7%) for prevention purposes.

Quince varieties with photos and names

Gardeners cultivate the following varieties of quince: common or oblong quince and Japanese quince. Such varieties belong to the rose family, but at the same time they are representatives of various genera. Thus, the Japanese quince is part of the genus Chaenomeles, and therefore its varieties will not be described in this article. Such a monotypic genus as an ordinary or oblong quince has many different varieties, divided by ripening time into late, mid-ripening and early.

Early varieties of quince

The following early varieties are most popular:

1. Oil dish early. Fruit ripening is observed in the last days of September. Lemon-yellow large fruits weigh 190-350 grams, they are smooth, ribbed and have a conical-round shape. The yellowish-white fragrant pulp is of medium density, juicy, fine-grained and sweet-sour. During storage, the astringent effect of the fruits disappears, and they acquire a sweet taste.
2. Crimean fragrant. Winter-hardy variety is distinguished by its productivity. It is resistant to subcutaneous spotting. Fruit ripening occurs at the end of September. Medium smooth yellow-lemon fruits have an apple shape. Slightly acidic pale yellow flesh is juicy.
3. juicy. A productive variety resistant to drought and frost. Medium-sized fruits weigh about 250 grams. Sweet-sour yellow flesh is very juicy.
4. Harvest Kuban. This high-yielding variety is resistant to disease, frost and drought. Quite large fruits weigh up to 0.5 kg. Sweet and sour creamy flesh is quite juicy.
5. early ripening. This high yielding variety technical purpose is disease resistant. The fruits are small, their sweet-sour pulp has a mediocre taste. Such fruits are not eaten fresh.

The following early varieties are still quite popular: Aurora, Anzherskaya, Golden, Scythian Gold, Rumo, Nikitskaya, Golden Ball, Collective, Krasnoslobodskaya, Gift, etc.

Medium varieties of quince

The fruits of mid-season varieties ripen from early to mid-October. Varieties:

1. Kaunchi 10. This is a productive Central Asian variety, which is resistant to drought, frost resistance is average. Medium pear-shaped fruits have a smooth, in some cases slightly ribbed surface, on which there is an easily washable gray felt pubescence. The orange-yellow fruits have a creamy, fragrant flesh that is sweet and firm.
2. Kuban. This variety is early-growing, it has an average resistance to drought and frost. Small slightly ribbed cylindrical-round fruits weigh about 250 grams, on their surface there is a dense pubescence, consisting of a gray felt pile. In ripe greenish-orange fruits, the pubescence disappears. Juicy sweet creamy pulp has low acidity and medium density, there are stony cells near the seed chamber.
3. Astrakhan. The variety has a high yield. Medium pear-shaped pale yellow fruits weigh about 200 grams. The yellow flesh with a cream shade is dense, fine-grained, has a tart-sour taste.
4. Golotlinskaya apple-shaped. This early ripening variety is distinguished by its unpretentiousness and productivity, it has a compact small crown. Medium-pubescent ribbed fruits have a cylindrical or flat-spherical shape, they are yellow-golden in color with greenery and weigh about 280 grams. The pulp is juicy, pale yellow, tart, even after processing it is very fragrant.
5. Beretski. This partially self-fertile variety was born thanks to Hungarian breeders, it has a stable yield. For pollination, it is recommended to use the Giant, Champion and Portuguese varieties. Large pear-shaped fruits weigh about 270 grams, they are very fragrant and have high palatability. They can be eaten fresh like apples. Juicy yellow flesh is very tasty.
6. Trimontium. The variety is winter-hardy. Medium fruits are of equal size, they are usually used for processing.

The following varieties are also quite popular among gardeners: Limonka, Otlichnitsa, Leskovats, Shchuchinskaya, Persian, etc.

Late varieties of quince

The fruits of late varieties ripen in the last days of October or in November. Popular varieties:

1. Zubutlinskaya. This Dagestan variety of folk selection is distinguished by its productivity and resistance to wind, frost and diseases. Yellow-gold felt fruits are very large and weigh about 0.8 kg, they are obtusely ribbed, have a rounded shape. Juicy pale yellow flesh tastes very pleasant.
2. Vraniska Denmark. This variety of Yugoslavian selection is characterized by high yield, it is resistant to disease and wind. Yellow-green, slightly woolly, pear-shaped, truncated-rounded fruits weigh about 270 grams. Sweetish-sour, dense and juicy flesh is painted in pale yellow color.
3. Buynakskaya large-fruited. The Dagestan early-growing and self-fertile variety is characterized by high productivity and resistance to diseases and frost. Cylindrical or pear-shaped pale yellow fruits are quite large, in some cases their weight reaches 0.7 kg.
4. Ktyun-zhum (winter quince). A very late variety zoned for the Middle Caucasus. Smooth yellow fruits with a golden hue are broadly ribbed, often weighing about 0.8 kg. Pale yellow sweet-sour pulp has high palatability.
5. Portuguese. This European variety is partially self-fertile and has moderate frost tolerance. Medium, slightly pubescent, short pear-shaped fruits are ribbed. Pale yellow fragrant flesh has a tart taste.

Still popular are such varieties as: Mir, Student, Giant, Champion, Victoria, etc.

Quince varieties for the Moscow region

Quince is excellent for cultivation in the Moscow region, because it has a very high resistance to frost, and tolerates winter better than sweet cherries, apricots, cherries and than individual varieties of apple and pear trees. For wintering, quince must be covered; for this, the bottom of the trunk and the root zone are insulated. Recommended varieties:

1. Muscat. So average early variety It is highly productive and resistant to frost, drought and disease. This variety is best suited for the Moscow region, as it grows well on dense soil. Felt to the touch, fluffy fruits have a rough, pale cream flesh.
2. firstborn. Moisture-loving early variety is characterized by productivity and frost resistance. Begins to bear fruit from the fourth year. Round, hairless, smooth fruits are light yellow in color and weigh about 220 grams. Creamy fragrant pulp is tender and juicy.
3. Amber. The early-growing mid-season variety has medium frost resistance and is distinguished by productivity and high resistance to drought and fungal diseases. Slightly ribbed apple-shaped medium fruits can be colored from amber to rich yellow. Very fragrant coarse-grained flesh of yellow-orange or rich cream color, juicy and sweet-sour.
4. Success. The late self-fertile variety is resistant to frost and drought and yields. Slightly pubescent smooth rounded fruits have a pale yellow color and sweet flesh.
5. Krasnodar. The mid-season variety is resistant to frost and drought. Medium slightly ribbed apple-shaped fruits weigh about 200 grams, they are painted in a rich yellow or orange-amber hue. Coarse-grained, very fragrant pulp, juicy, sweet-sour, yellow-orange or rich cream color.

A fruit not very common in Russia - quince - takes place of honor in world cuisine and medicine. The fruit has an unusual, tart taste and a rich nutritional composition, therefore it has an antiviral and tonic effect. The product is low-calorie, but it is almost never consumed fresh. But from a quince say a variety of desserts.

Plant characteristic

Quince is a plant of the Rosaceae family. It is one of the most ancient fruit crops. Her wild variety got wide use in Central Asia, in the Caucasus, in the Crimea, Dagestan, Moldova and Ukraine.

Wildlife grows on the edges of forests and slopes. In cultivated form, the plant can be found in gardens and on summer cottages. In the absence of proper care, a domesticated tree quickly runs wild.

Among all existing varieties, there is an oblong, apple-shaped or pear-shaped quince. The fruits are the size of a large apple.

The color range of varieties is varied. Depending on the species, the fruits are bright yellow, yellow-green or dark yellow in color.

The skin is dense, hard, covered with fluff. Inside the fruit contains creamy, white or beige pulp. The pulp tastes sour, or slightly sweet, tart, juicy. Its structure is dense and rigid. In the area of ​​​​the core, small brown bones are formed, like an apple.

Many are interested in whether quince is a fruit or a berry. Given that the fruit contains pulp and a core with stones, it is a fruit.

Quince is a fruit, not a berry

Appearance

According to the description, the plants have the following characteristics:

• deciduous tree or shrub, reaching 1-5 m in height, depending on the variety;
• shoots grow at an angle of 60 °;
• the bark is thin, burgundy, dark brown or dark gray, covered with scales;
• leaves are oval, ovoid, maple-shaped at the base, dark green in color;
• the quince tree differs from other fruit plantations in large-fruitedness (in some varieties, fruits reach 1.8 kg).

Bloom

Common quince blooms from May to June. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter, snow-white, pale pink or beige. The buds open after the leaves develop. Flowering is abundant, magnificently covering the crown of the tree. Therefore quince is unique decorative ornament in any garden.

During the flowering period, quince is a decoration of the garden

Due to late flowering, this fruit plant is not afraid of frost and almost always gives good yields.

The aroma of ripe quince resembles a sour apple combined with a floral, spicy aroma.

Growing features

You can grow a tree both from a purchased seedling, and with the help of a cutting from an adult culture. There are other ways to propagate a quince garden - by grafting, layering, seeds and root offspring.

Regardless of the method of cultivation, planting this crop requires choosing a sunny place with clay soil and low acidity. Quince grows poorly on sandy soil - it begins to bear fruit ahead of time with small, tasteless fruits.

The method of growing quince is no different from the peculiarities of caring for a pear and an apple tree.

This unpretentious tree in care is characterized by high yields and usefulness. He likes frequent moisturizing, regular feeding, tolerates pruning well and rarely gets sick.

Landing

Planting seedlings or germinated cuttings is carried out in spring or autumn. Advantage spring planting lies in the fact that over the summer the plants will have time to take root and get used to the new living conditions, so they are not afraid of winter frosts. When planting in autumn, the risk of frostbite of young trees increases.

Planting dates depend on the growing area:

• in the regions of the middle and northern strip, seedlings are planted at the end of April;
• in the south (in the Krasnodar Territory, in Rostov), ​​plants are planted in open ground in the first decade of April.

For seedlings, a deep hole is dug in accordance with the size of the root system (80x80 cm). A nutrient mixture of garden soil, 5 kg of humus, 200 g of wood ash and 40 g of superphosphate are poured into the pit. The roots of the plant are laid on top, sprinkled with earth so that the root collar remains flush with the soil level. Seedlings are plentifully watered and mulched with peat.

Seedlings must be mulched with peat

Care

In the process of growth and development, young seedlings require proper and timely care:

1. Pruning. After planting, the central branch is shortened by a third of the length. The following year, the central conductor is re-cut 20 cm from the top, and the side shoots are also cut. The crown is formed from branches of the second, third and fourth order. Annually in early spring choose the strongest shoots (3-4 pieces), and cut off the weaker and thinner ones.
2. Watering. During the spring-autumn period, the plants should be watered several times. The first moistening is carried out before the swelling of the kidneys, the second during the flowering period, following two weeks after it. Watering is especially important during the formation of ovaries and fruit ripening. The last moisture-charging watering is carried out in the fall, when the leaves fall from the trees. It is necessary to increase the frost resistance of the tree.
3. Top dressing. In the first years of life, quince is not fed, provided that it has been planted in nutrient soil. In the third year, the ground around the trunk circle is sprinkled with compost or humus, then digging is carried out. No less important are mineral fertilizers, which increase the yield and taste of fruits. Superphosphate and potassium salt are applied in a complex one month after the introduction of organics.
4. Also, a procedure is carried out for loosening the soil around the near-stem circle in order to increase its moisture and air permeability.
5. For the winter, garden quince needs shelter. The trunk circle is mulched with peat or humus, the crown is covered with lutrasil or spruce branches.

Ripening and harvesting fruits

Fruit ripening falls in autumn - September or October, depending on the variety and region of cultivation. This fruit has a good and long shelf life. In cool conditions and low air humidity, quince fruits can be stored for about 6 months.

Unripe quince sings well at home. Unripe fruits are laid out on paper in a room at room temperature. In such conditions, quince ripens in 5-7 days.

Popular varieties

Today, breeders distinguish 5 varietal groups of quince.

Marble

Decorative appearance, different from other varieties unusual color leaves. The leaf plate is dark green in color, covered with white dots. It bears yellow fruits.

Pyramidal

This garden group includes all decorative fruit varieties with a pyramidal crown. The fruits are apple-shaped. They are yellow with slight pubescence.

pear-shaped

This is the only species in the Rose family that bears bright yellow pear-shaped fruits. Grown as an ornamental and fruit crop.

Apple-shaped

Planting an apple-shaped variety in private gardens is done in order to obtain a tasty harvest of fruits that resemble an apple in appearance.

Portuguese

The fruits of this variety are elongated, more like a pear with a ribbed surface. The variety has good winter hardiness and resistance to adverse weather conditions.

There are more than 400 varieties of this plant. The most popular among gardeners are the following:

1. Angers.
2. Aurora.
3. Golden ball.
4. Golden.
5. Krasnodar large-fruited.
6. Kaunchi-10.
7. Kuban.
8. Muscat.
9. Rumo.
10. Chinese.
11. Early maturing.
12. Japanese.
13. Teplovskaya.

Composition of fruits

The composition of the pulp contains the richest nutritional composition. The lion's share is occupied by malic, tartronic and citric acids.

Quince pulp contains many nutrients

Of the microelements, the composition of the pulp includes stranded, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, iron and pectins.

Sunny-colored fruits are rich in vitamins - A, E, C, PP. They also contain B vitamins.

The high energy value of such a product is due to the high content of essential oils, sugars, fructose and tannins.

Quince juice contains ascorbic acid, which is useful for our body, so quince primarily has an antiviral and tonic effect.

This is a low-calorie product - 100 g of pulp contains 39 calories. The fruit does not contain fats, sodium, therefore, does not contribute to the increase of bad cholesterol.

Use in cooking

Fresh quince is not very tasty. Usually such a product is baked or boiled. From a healthy fruit, various sweets are prepared - jam, jam, marmalade, jam and candied fruit.

Common quince is also suitable for making fragrant compotes, juices. Quince fruits are rich in ethers, which give this fruit an amazing aroma. Often their boiled pieces complement meat dishes from beef, pork.

The canned product is an integral part of the cuisine in the Caucasus and Central Asia.

A very tasty drying is made from quince fruits. The pulp, peeled from the core, together with the skin, is cut into slices, sprinkled with sugar, kept for a day in a warm room. Then the slices are boiled in sugar syrup. The finished product is laid out on a baking sheet and dried in the oven.

Classic quince dessert

Ripened fruits, wipe off the fluff, rinse under running water. Cut in half, cut out the core, cut off the skin in damaged areas. Cut into slices, put in a bowl. To make fruit slices soft, it is blanched in water for half an hour. Then the water is drained, sugar is added to it. The syrup is boiled for 10 minutes, then the pieces are transferred into it, 1/2 tsp is added. citric acid or 1 tsp. lemon juice. Cook over low heat for another 20 minutes. With such cooking, quince slices do not fall apart, retain their beauty and amazing aroma.

After cooling, the product will thicken. It can be served with pancakes, pancakes or just for tea.

Application in medicine

A fruit tree or shrub refers to medicinal plants. The benefits of not only the pulp and peel, but also quince seeds are noted.

Quince seeds are very useful

The benefits of seeds

The composition of the seeds includes mucous and tannic components. They are prepared by drying at a temperature of 50 ° C.

Seed decoction has:

• laxative and enveloping effect;
• anti-inflammatory (helps in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, asthma);
• compresses based on seed decoction eliminate eye diseases.

Stone decoction is used in cosmetology to cleanse the skin.

A decoction of the leaves of the plant helps to get rid of gray hair that appeared at an early age.

The benefits of pulp

Quince fruits have been used in the prevention and treatment of various ailments since ancient times:

• reduces the symptoms of periodontal disease;
• eliminates pain in hemorrhoids (apply lotions or compresses based on quince juice);
• fresh and juicy pulp is good to use with low hemoglobin;
• the fruit has a slight diuretic effect, therefore it is indicated for use in edema;
• quince juice increases immunity, gives strength and energy;
• eliminates pain and symptoms during a flu-like condition, colds and diseases of the respiratory system;
• lowers the level of bad cholesterol in the blood;
• has an antiemetic effect;
• fruit pulp helps to eliminate indigestion and normalizes the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
• due to the increased fiber content, the fruits contribute to the reduction excess weight, so they are often included in the menu diet food;
• it is a powerful antioxidant that helps a person cope with stress, neuroses, stabilizes the work of the central nervous system;
• juice-based lotions help get rid of pain and inflammatory processes in the ears;
• fruits must be eaten with gastroenteritis, flatulence, tracheitis and colitis.

Traditional medicine recipes

These simple quince-based healing recipes will help you treat some diseases:

1. For burns, stomach pain and cough, the following remedy helps: pour 10 g of quince seeds into a glass of boiling water, boil for 20 minutes. Infuse for half an hour, filter, squeeze the seeds. Take 30 ml. three times a day before meals. For burns, make lotions based on a decoction.
2. For colitis, use the following composition: pour 10 g of seeds with a liter boiled water. After 10 hours of infusion, strain and drink 1/4 cup of 50 ml three times a day on an empty stomach.
3. At excessive sweating feet should be made a decoction of the leaves of the plant. Pour a handful of crushed raw materials with a glass of boiling water, boil, leave for an hour. Rinse your feet daily with decoction.
4. With an upset stomach, the following recipe will help: chop two fruits, pour water, boil for 15 minutes on low heat, leave for an hour. Drink 1/2 cup three times a day before meals.
5. Quince juice is very good for iron deficiency anemia. Take two fruits, cut in half, remove the core, cut the flesh into pieces. Pour fruit slices with water, boil until soft. Filter the juice through cheesecloth, discard the cake to the side. Thick, rich syrup with pulp should be taken three times a day, 15 ml.

Contraindications

Quince fruits should not be used for stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and enterocolitis. The fluff that is contained on the skin should be carefully removed, otherwise, if it enters the body, it can provoke a cough.

With enterocolitis, you can not use quince

Excessive consumption of fruits causes blockage of the intestines, pain and irritation of its mucosa.

Application in cosmetology

The pulp contains a large amount of fruit acids, so it is used in the manufacture of various face and body skin care products.

Quince-based cosmetics have a regenerating, drying and antiseptic effect. The pulp, crushed on a grater, is mixed with different vegetable oils, ground cereals, egg yolk and starch.

masks

At home, you can use the following mask recipes based on this fruit:

1. For fading, oily and problem skin with acne, a simple remedy based on crushed quince pulp is suitable. The gruel is applied to the face, bypassing the area around the eyes, and after a few minutes, rinse with warm water.
2. For normal and combined epidermis, the following composition is suitable: mix the pulp of one fruit grated on a fine grater with the yolk, add a couple of tablespoons of oatmeal flour. Can be used on both face and décolleté. After a quarter of an hour, rinse your face with cool water.
3. For all types of epidermis, a universal mask is suitable. mix a handful of grated pulp with 10 g of buckwheat or rice flour, add the same amount of starch. Mix and apply on the face. Wash off with warm water after a quarter of an hour.

Cleansers

Quince fruits are used in the manufacture of scrubs and peeling. They exfoliate dead cells well, restore damaged epidermis and improve blood circulation.

To prepare the scrub, you will need a completely crushed fruit with a core and seeds. Mix fruit gruel with 10 g of coarse salt. Mix both components, apply to the skin of the face with circular massaging movements. After a few minutes, wash off the product with running water. It is allowed to use such a cleanser no more than once every 7 days.

Lotions

For oily skin, a lotion based on quince and raw chicken yolk is perfect. Squeeze the juice of one fruit, add 100 ml of medical alcohol and the same amount of camphor oil to it. Beat the chicken yolk on the foam, enter in a thin stream into the resulting mass. This product should be stored in a refrigerator.

Quince-based lotion eliminates the remnants of fat from the skin, making it velvety and supple.

Hand sanitizer

Based on quince juice, you can make an antiseptic for hands. Cut a small fruit in half and cut out the core. Cut the pulp into slices, pour vodka, close tightly with a lid and insist in a dark place for two weeks.

Quince juice can be used to make an excellent hand sanitizer

Add 20 g of glycerin to the filtered product.

Conclusion

Due to the rich vitamin and mineral composition, quince fruits are widely used in cooking, medicine and cosmetology. All of the above recipes should be used with extreme caution and subject to contraindications. When eaten in moderation and regularly, this product will bring maximum benefits to your body.

Irina Kamshilina

Cooking for someone is much more pleasant than for yourself))

Content

The diet of each person should include the maximum amount of products that will not only satisfy hunger, but also give the body the vitamins, minerals, and nutrients necessary for existence. Everyone who cares about their health needs to know what quince is and how to eat it, because it's incredible useful fruit. The fruits and seeds of this plant are used both in cooking and in folk recipes.

What is quince

It is a plant in the form of a tree or shrub with edible fruits. Belongs to the rose family. The plant is common in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, Dagestan, the Mediterranean, some parts of Asia, and Europe. Australia. Fruits are used to prepare numerous dishes. They, like other parts of the plant, have medicinal properties, therefore, they are present in the composition of the mass of traditional medicine.

What does quince look like

This fruit is the only member of the genus Cidonia oblonga. Quince is a deciduous tree 1.5-5 meters high, rarely a shrub. Branches rise obliquely. The plant has a thin scaly bark. The color is dark gray, red-brown or brown-black. Shoots are grey-green. The shape of the leaves is ovoid, oblong or oval. They are alternate, broadly elliptical, the base is wedge-shaped or heart-shaped, the shade is dark green. Flowers of the correct form with short legs. There is a white, pale pink or bright corolla up to 5 cm in diameter.

Quince fruit is a hairy false apple of spherical or pear-shaped form. It is smooth and rough. It contains many brown seeds. There were cases when one unit weighed two kilograms. In the wild variety, the weight of false apples does not exceed one hundred grams. The pulp is hard, not juicy. What does quince taste like? It is slightly sweet, tart and astringent. Trees bloom in May-June. The fruits ripen in September-October.

The best crop is harvested from trees that grow on loamy heavy soils. On sandy soil, the plant begins to bear fruit earlier. Propagated by cuttings, grafting, shoots from the roots, seeds. The natural range of the plant is from the central and southern regions of Europe to Central Asia. The most popular varieties:

1. ordinary. Tree with large fruits. It grows in the North Caucasus, in the Lower Volga region, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, Crimea, the states of Central Asia, Greece. Winter-hardy varieties exist in Belarus, the Baltic States, Central Russia. There are pear-shaped, Portuguese and apple-shaped varieties of common quince.
2. Japanese. Shrubs of this variety reach up to 2 meters in height. They are evergreen, with red flowers and incredibly fragrant fruits. In the pulp of the Japanese variety, there are 4 times more fruit acids than in ordinary ones. Juice from such fruits is best diluted with water.
3. Chinese. It differs from the Japanese by the appearance of pale pink flowers during the flowering period. Chinese fruits are very fragrant, have fleshy flesh with pronounced sourness and astringency. Rich in vitamins nutrients, trace elements. They help well in the treatment of the liver, spleen, stomach, spasms, pain in sciatica, rheumatism. Eliminate edema during pregnancy, hypertension.

All of the above varieties are divided into several varieties with their own characteristics. Their names:

• golden ball;
• Marble;
• pyramidal;
• Muscat;
• Persian sugar;
• blessed;
• Van Diemen;
• Childs;
• Fuller;
• Krasnoslobodskaya;
• Gurji;
• Ktyun jum;
• Kuban;
• Collective (contains many stony cells);
• Krasnodar;
• Teplovskaya;
• Amber;
• Zubutlinskaya;
• Vraniska Denmark;
• Jardam;
• Micha is fertile;
• Golotlinskaya apple-shaped;
• Champion;
• Ahmed jum;
• Armenian Tursh.

Cultivation and collection

High yielding and unpretentious plant propagated vegetatively: root shoots, cuttings, vertical layering, grafting. It is as easy to grow as a pear or apple tree. Trees are best planted in warm and sunny areas. They tolerate drought well, but it is better to provide abundant watering. Seedlings can be placed in well-drained soil.

Mid-April or October is best suited for planting. It is necessary to choose seedlings with well-developed roots and a well-formed crown. They are placed at a depth of 50-60 cm. The diameter of the pit is at least a meter. Before planting, fall asleep compost or humus. For pollination, two or three trees should be placed nearby. In fruit-bearing annuals, strong branches should be shortened. Periodically, the crown is thinned, removing everything dry. False apples are harvested as they ripen, before the first frost. They are very well stored, subject to all the rules, they can lie for up to five months.

What is useful quince

The fruit contains many substances necessary for the body. Fruits contain a lot of antioxidants that help to overcome stress, prevent the aging process, and have an antitumor effect. Thanks to the pectin and dietary fiber included in the composition, they perfectly cleanse the body of heavy metals and harmful substances, remove excess cholesterol, toxins, and help normalize digestion. Beneficial features:

• bactericidal;
• antiviral;
• restorative;
• sedative;
• anti-inflammatory;
• hemostatic;
• antitumor;
• astringent;
• antitussive;
• adsorbent;
• laxative;
• expectorant;
• diuretic.

The chemical composition of the fruit

Quince is rich in vitamins, minerals, it contains almost everything vital necessary elements. Exact figures depend on the variety and many other factors. The table below shows the average values:

Element name
vitamins
P (bioflavonoids)
B2 (riboflavin)
PP (nicotinic acid)
B1 (thiamine)
Minerals
Manganese

Medicinal properties

The plant belongs to the medicinal category. Knowing the beneficial properties of quince and contraindications, it can be used to treat many diseases. What nutrients do quince fruits contain? Both pulp and seeds are valuable. The latter contain a lot of iron, mucous and tannins, glycerin. A decoction is made from the seeds. It is used as a mild laxative, enveloping agent, good for coughing. A decoction can be used for lotions for eye diseases. It softens the skin, so it can be used as a cosmetic lotion.

Fruit reduces the manifestations of periodontal disease. Lotions and compresses from the juice of the plant help relieve pain from hemorrhoids. Fresh fruits are recommended for anemia, cardiovascular diseases. They have a choleretic effect. The plant is rich in zinc, phosphorus, copper, pectins, calcium, vitamins of groups B, PP, C, A, E. It has antiviral and antioxidant effects.

The sap of the plant also has medicinal properties. It has a diuretic, tonic effect. In the old days, they treated infertility in women. Helps to stop diarrhea, bleeding, vomiting. Due to the presence of fructose, ascorbic acid, gum, amygdalin glycoside fatty oil and starch fruit is considered very valuable food product. There are many ways to use and use for medicinal purposes.

How to eat quince

The fruits have a tough and dense peel, firm flesh with an astringent tart taste. It is preferable to eat this fruit after heat treatment. Preparations are made from fruits: jams, marmalade, jams, candied fruits, marmalade. In addition, with the addition of pulp, you can make an excellent sauce for poultry or a meat dish. After boiling, stewing or baking, the fruits become soft, get a sweetish taste. The fruit can be added to cereals, casseroles, pies and other desserts.

Is it possible to eat quince raw

Fresh fruits are not very suitable for consumption. Their flesh is too tart, and the outer cover is hard. It is advisable to bake or boil them. You can make a lot of delicious desserts from fruit: marmalade, jelly, candied fruit, jam, juices and compotes. After picking from the tree, the fruits should be allowed to ripen for a couple of weeks. During this period, they will become a little softer. Raw fruit slices can be added to tea instead of lemon. They will give the drink a pleasant fresh taste.

The drink is prepared from the fruit and consumed fresh or canned. The best juices are obtained from varieties with a mild nutmeg taste. They can be drunk neat or diluted. Juice is useful for increasing appetite, with poisoning, intestinal disorders. It can be mixed with apple, peach, pumpkin, banana. With caution, you need to drink it to kids, people with stomach and duodenal ulcers, constipation.

How to choose a quince

When buying fruits, you need to pay attention to their appearance. The fruits should not have spots or other damage. Skin color is bright yellow. Fruit should be evenly colored, this is a sign that they are fully ripe. It is better to take large fruits, because small ones are stored much less time. A good quince fruit should be firm to the touch and exude a pleasant strong odor.

cooking recipes

Fruit can be used to make many delicious dishes, especially desserts. Jellies and marmalades, sweets and marshmallows, compotes and juices are prepared from it. The fruits contain an essential oil that gives them a specific taste. Thanks to him, excellent side dishes for meat are obtained from quince pulp: fruit pilaf, mashed potatoes. In Caucasian and Central Asian cuisines, canned quince is added to many national dishes. Still fruits can be dried and dried. Below are some of the most popular recipes.

With honey

• Time: 50 minutes.
• Number of servings: 6 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 385 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: dessert.
• Cuisine: Asian.
• Difficulty: easy.

If you prefer to prepare desserts that provide health benefits, then you should definitely like the following one. Quince pulp is baked together with walnuts and honey. The dish turns out surprisingly tasty and satisfying. This delicacy will appeal to both adults and kids. Cooking takes a little time, the process itself is extremely simple.

Ingredients:

• quince - 6 pcs.;
• butter - 60 g;
• walnuts - 140 g;
• honey - 180 g.

Preparation description:

1. Mix honey with chopped nuts. They can be crushed with a mortar.
2. Wash fruits thoroughly and dry. Cut into halves. Cut out the seed chambers and some of the pulp, preparing a recess for the filling. Some people blanch the fruit and peel it off, but this is not necessary.
3. Place an equal amount of butter in each half. Divide the filling evenly.
4. Pour a glass of water into a baking sheet. Lay out the quince halves.
5. Place the baking sheet in the oven preheated to 180 degrees. Bake for 35-40 minutes. The dessert will be covered with a golden crust, and inside it will become tender and soft. Serve garnishing each half with a mint leaf.

Candied fruit

• Time: 65 minutes and 5 days of waiting.
• Servings: 12 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 673 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: dessert.
• Cuisine: Eastern.
• Difficulty: medium.

This dessert is very tasty and healthy, reminiscent of marmalade or Turkish delight. Candied fruits are very fragrant, fragrant. When you eat them, you immediately remember the summer warmth and sun, the blues disappear. This is because quince fruit is an excellent and completely natural remedy for depression. Candied fruits are prepared for a long time, but there is nothing difficult in the process. The benefits of quince in this form are not diminished at all.

Ingredients:

• quince - 2 kg;
• powdered sugar - 10-12 tbsp. l.;
• sugar - 2 kg;
• citric acid - 2 g;
• water - 1 l.

Cooking method:

1. Wash the fruits, dry, cut into quarters. Remove cores. Peel the rind, but don't throw it away. It is useful for giving the sugar syrup the right consistency.
2. Pour in enamel pan with thick walls (only not aluminum) a liter of water. Stainless steel cookware is also suitable.
3. Put the peel into the water. Bring to a boil and simmer covered over low heat for 20 minutes. The liquid must not evaporate.
4. Remove the peel with a slotted spoon. You won't need it anymore, so you can throw it away.
5. Place fruit quarters in the broth. Stir them.
6. Boil the pieces for a quarter of an hour.
7. Remove with a slotted spoon and drain in a colander to cool.
8. Pour half the sugar into the broth. Boil until all grains are dissolved.
9. Cut the cooled fruit slices into pieces or identical cubes of about 1.5x1.5 cm.
10. Put the slices in the syrup, bring to a boil.
11. Stir gently. Cook on minimum heat for 5 minutes. Turn off the stove. Leave the fruit in the syrup for several hours, and preferably all night.
12. In the morning, pour the second part of the sugar into the pan. Put on a small fire. Bring to a boil, boil for 5 minutes, turn off. Leave again for a few hours. Repeat the boiling procedure 4 times.
13. In the last session, add citric acid.
14. Use a slotted spoon to catch the quince cubes. Leave for a few hours on a plate to drain the syrup. Transfer the pieces to a new dish several times. You can roll up all the syrup that you have left after cooking in sterilized jars. You will get a wonderful sweet jam.
15. When the candied fruits are almost not wet, but still sticky, roll them in powdered sugar. Lay out on parchment paper in a single layer. Dry and try. The longer they dry, the tastier they will be.

Quince jam

• Time: 3 hours.
• Servings: 12 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 750 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: dessert.
• Cuisine: Asian.
• Difficulty: medium.

Quince jam turns out to be very beautiful in color, amber. The syrup comes out thick, and the pulp is very tender, juicy and sweet. Fruits are subjected to long-term heat treatment. For jam, it is desirable to choose soft and ripe fruits. Treats can be eaten independent form and use to decorate desserts. Jam is ideal as a filling for pies. It is very easy to weld.

Ingredients:

• quince - 2 kg;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife;
• granulated sugar - 1.8 kg;
• lemons - 2 pcs.;
• water - 6 glasses.

Cooking method:

1. Wash, dry and peel false apples. You can use a brush to remove all dirt completely. Remove seeds, cut into slices.
2. Mix water with sugar, put on the stove. Bring to a boil over low heat, stirring constantly. Wait until all the sugar has dissolved.
3. Pour the pulp into the syrup. Bring to a boil again. Remove the saucepan from the stove. Leave for a few hours to release the juice from the fruit pulp.
4. Put the pot back on the lowest heat. Cook until the pieces are completely softened.
5. 5-10 minutes before turning off, add vanillin and juice squeezed from two lemons to the dish.
6. Arrange the jam in sterilized jars and roll up.

Quince compote for the winter

• Time: 2 hours.
• Number of servings: 8 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 218 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: drink.
• Kitchen: home.
• Difficulty: medium.

Quince compote is a very fragrant drink and an excellent source of vitamins. It strengthens the immune system, is beneficial in the treatment of colds. Cooking compote is easy, for it you should pick up the most ripe fruits without damage. Its rich taste is sure to please not only adults, but also children. The recipe can be changed, other dried fruits can be added to the drink.

Ingredients:

• peeled and chopped fruit pulp - 2 kg;
• sugar - 0.7-0.8 kg;
• water - 4 liters.

Cooking method:

1. Wash and dry fruits. Carefully peel and cut the fruit into neat slices to make 2 kg of pulp. Do not remove the peel.
2. Boil four liters of water in a saucepan. Add sugar, stir to dissolve all the grains.
3. Put the quince slices into the syrup. Boil over low heat for about 10 minutes.
4. While the pulp and syrup are boiled, sterilize the container and lids.
5. Divide the pulp into jars. Top up with syrup.
6. Roll up jars with sterilized lids. Turn upside down.
7. Wrap with a blanket and leave to cool completely. Store compote in a cool place.

The use of quince in folk medicine

There are many uses for the plant. Means prepared from it prevent the negative effects of viruses and infections on the body. They help in the treatment and prevention of influenza, acute respiratory diseases. Juice with pulp is recommended to be consumed regularly with high cholesterol levels in the blood, for the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract, to stop vomiting. A beneficial effect on the stomach and digestive processes is due to the high fiber content, so the product can be recommended to people suffering from obesity.

It has a positive effect when used in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. They contain a lot of antioxidants that help to recover from nervous overexertion and stress. Drinking juice improves the condition of patients with bronchial asthma. The plant helps in the treatment of diseases of the ears. Lotions with decoction are used for cracks anus, rectal prolapse. The plant is indicated for pulmonary tuberculosis, tracheitis, liver diseases, gastroenteritis, flatulence, colitis.

Fruit seed decoction

The tool is actively used to treat anemia, anemia. Decoctions help with eye diseases, the effects of sunstroke, edema, dyspepsia. These agents can be used to treat inflammatory processes in the stomach, diarrhea, dysentery. A few recipes:

1. With gastrointestinal diseases. Pour 10 g of crushed quince seeds with a glass of boiling water. Cook on the steam bath for 15 minutes. Cool, wipe through a sieve. Take 100 ml three times a day before eating.
2. With colitis. Pour 10 g of seeds with a liter cold water. Insist 10 hours. Strain. Take 0.5 cup 3 times a day.
3. To stop uterine bleeding. Boil 10 g of seeds in 100 ml of water until the liquid becomes slimy. Take 3-4 times a day for 1 tbsp. l. a spoonful of decoction.

Infusion of quince leaves

Means from certain parts of the plant are good for fevers, diabetes to lower glucose levels. Effective tincture recipes:

1. With asthmatic attacks, inflammation of the intestines. Pour 5 g of quince leaves with a glass of boiling water. Boil in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Strain, add water to replace the evaporated. Take the remedy 3-4 times a day before meals, 2 tbsp. l.
2. Against excessive sweating of the feet. 1 st. l. leaves pour a glass of boiling water. Boil for 5-10 minutes. Set an hour. Use a foot rub.
3. To lower blood pressure and sugar levels. Pour 100 g of leaves with 125 ml of vodka. Insist for a week. Take 1 tsp. twice a day.

Quince decoction for cough and sore throat

The remedy is excellent for sore throat and other symptoms of colds. Recipes:

1. Cut one fruit into small pieces. Pour in a glass of boiling water. Set an hour. Take 3-4 times a day for 1 tbsp. l.
2. Boil 10 g of seeds in 100 ml of water until the contents of the pan become slimy in consistency. Strain the resulting "jelly". Take 1 tbsp. l. mass three times a day.
3. Pour 5 g of seeds with boiling water and drink like tea. This remedy helps very well to get rid of dry cough, including allergic.

Benefits for weight loss

For dieters, quince is one of the most important foods. It is low-calorie, satiates well and suppresses appetite for a long time. The fruits have almost no cholesterol and fats. Their use helps to improve the digestion process. For weight loss, it is useful to introduce baked quince, boiled, into the diet. Based on it, a mono-diet has been developed, following which you will be able to lose up to 5 kg in a few days.

fruit calories

100 g of the product contains 40 kcal and 8.9 g of carbohydrates. There are no fats, cholesterol and sodium in the fruit at all, so it is perfect for diet food. 100 ml of quince juice contains 45 kcal, 10.6 g of carbohydrates and 0.5 g of proteins. More accurate indicators of energy value depend on the type of fruit, the territory where the tree began to grow, soil, climatic conditions, features of care.

Quince in cosmetology

The fruits contain a lot of fruit acids, especially if they are juicy and ripe. The pulp is very useful to use as part of cosmetic masks. Means with it have an antiseptic effect, dry, nourish the skin. Recipes for good masks:

1. For oily skin, anti-acne. Grate the ripe quince fruit on a fine grater. Apply the pulp on your face in a thin layer. Avoid the area around the lips and eyes. After seven minutes, wash with warm water.
2. For normal and combination skin. Grate a ripe quince fruit on a fine grater. Mix with beaten egg yolk and steamed 50 ml of boiling water with oatmeal. Apply the warm mass on the face and décolleté. Wash off after a quarter of an hour. Just blot your face with a napkin, do not dry yourself with a towel.
3. For all skin types. Finely grate one ripe quince fruit. Add 1 tsp to the gruel. corn starch and oatmeal, buckwheat or rice oatmeal. Mix thoroughly, apply the composition on the face. Wash off with room temperature water after 20 minutes.

1. Grind one ripe fruit with seeds. Add 1 tbsp. l. coarse salt. Stir. Apply to the face with gentle massage movements. Wash off after three minutes. Blot your skin with a tissue. After an hour, apply a nourishing cream. The use of a scrub once a week helps to make the skin softer, softer, and improve complexion.
2. Lotion for oily skin. Squeeze the juice of one fruit. Add half a glass of medical and camphor alcohol. Slowly introduce one egg yolk. Use face wash every evening. It will help get rid of oily sheen. It is recommended to store the product in a cool and dark place.

Contraindications

Due to some substances that make up quince, not everyone is allowed to eat it. Contraindications to the use of quince, dishes with it:

• chronic constipation;
• predisposition to allergies;
• pleurisy;
• individual intolerance;
• enterocolitis.

In some situations, the use of quince is not categorically contraindicated, but this must be done with caution. Before eating quince, it is better to consult a doctor. It should be eaten with caution when:

• peptic ulcer;
• frequent allergic reactions (fruits irritate the larynx);
• pregnancy;
• high blood clotting;
• lactation;
• constipation.

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What is quince and how to eat it - useful properties and uses of the fruit