Well without drilling. How to cheat on wells
Your house does not have a central water supply, which is why you are thinking about drilling a water well? But due to the lack of experience in this area, you do not know where to arrange a water intake in the site, and when is it better to drill? Agree that all these questions are very important: the performance of the future water source depends on the answer to them.
We will help you find the right answers. After all, it is not so difficult to independently determine the optimal place if you have the necessary knowledge and take into account the features of the site. Our article provides general rules and the norms that should be followed when choosing a place for a well. And also considered the most different ways search for groundwater.
To help you choose the best time to drill, we provide advice and guidance from experts in the industry, complete with photos and videos to visualize the entire process.
When choosing a drilling site, many factors are taken into account: the geological features of the site, its topography, the influence of hydrological factors, and the location of other economic activities.
In addition, the convenience of the location of the future is important, which will allow it to be operated without problems in the future.
The selected location for the well must meet the following requirements:
- the presence of an aquifer;
- convenient location for water intake;
- the possibility of plumbing;
- ensuring the access of the drilling machine and other equipment for servicing the well;
- compliance with sanitary standards;
- lack of power lines, underground utilities.
Also, at the stage of choosing a place for a well, it is worth considering how the pumping equipment will be connected, i.e. take into account the presence of power lines. If in the future you plan to lay a surface water supply from the well, then it is desirable that the slope of the site does not exceed 35º.
When choosing a location for a well, not only the characteristics of its own site are taken into account, but also the surrounding areas for compliance with the specified requirements
Sanitary norms and regulations
Sanitary standards presented to the location of aquifers are described in the documents SanPiN No. 2.1.4.110-02. Of course, first of all, this document concerns large water intakes that provide water to settlements or individual enterprises and regions.
However, when arranging a private well on your own site, it is recommended to adhere to sanitary standards.
In accordance with SanPiN standards, the minimum distance from the source of water intake to residential buildings is from 30 m for protected groundwater, and 50 m for unprotected groundwater. It is clear that in the conditions of private construction it is impossible to comply with these norms.
Therefore, you should pay attention to the following rules:
- Directly near the well, on a plot measuring at least 4x4 m, there should not be any residential and utility buildings.
- Within a radius of at least 300 m, industrial enterprises, large car roads, landfills, animal burial grounds, cemeteries.
- Within a radius of at least 20 m should not be horticultural crops, which are irrigated with the use of chemical fertilizers.
- The well should be as far away as possible from cesspools, sewer septic tanks, compost heaps and similar objects. This applies not only to sources of potential pollution located on your site, but also to neighboring ones.
It is almost impossible to ensure full compliance with even these standards, therefore, if water from a well is used not only for irrigation, but also for drinking needs, it is necessary to take care of its purification. Also, a way out in this situation may be drilling a deeper well of the artesian type.
Professional drilling of wells is a very expensive pleasure. Depending on the method of penetration, the cost of services of specialized companies ranges from 15-50 USD. e. for each meter of depth. Note that the task is really not an easy one, and therefore most owners of dachas and estates turn to specialists for its solution. Hence the purpose of this material is to consider options for how you can drill a well on a site with your own hands without the use of expensive equipment. We will describe the available methods so that you can evaluate the complexity and amount of work, and then start moving along the chosen path.
How deep is drinking water
This is the main question that the homeowner raises when organizing the water supply of the home. Only geological exploration can give an exact answer to it. suburban area held in last years. To be convinced of this, it is worth studying the layout of aquifers in the thickness of the earth.
As you can see, the water is located on different horizons, between which impermeable rocks lie - dense loam, limestone and clay. To determine the appropriate layer, we propose to slightly decipher the presented scheme:
- Closest to the surface are waters that enter the ground due to precipitation - the so-called perched water. In some places, it starts from a depth of 0.4-0.8 m and continues up to 20 m. As a rule, this is dirty and poorly filtered water containing harmful impurities.
- At depths of up to 30 m, there are cleaner groundwater, whose stock is also fed by precipitation. Most home wells break out to this horizon (its upper limit can be at a distance of 5-8 m from the surface). This water must be filtered before drinking.
- Underground water accumulations located in the sandy layer have undergone good natural filtration and are suitable for drinking water supply. If you want to make a well with your own hands, then you will need to reach this horizon.
- The purest water is located in limestone voids at a depth of 80-100 m, which is unattainable with artisanal ways drilling. Since artesian water is under pressure, after punching a well, the flow independently rises to ground level, or even splashes out.
Note. The boundaries of the occurrence of perched water and ground water are indicated very conditionally, their depth may vary depending on the terrain and other factors.
Location of the source of autonomous water supply
When we figured out between which layers a suitable horizon is located, we need to determine the place for the future source of water supply. We will not talk about dubious options like dowsing with a frame or a vine slingshot, but will give a number of simple tips:
- learn all about neighboring wells and wells: their depth, water quality and location;
- retreat as much as possible from the sources of pollution - septic tanks, street toilets and the barnyard;
- note: wells are not drilled on a hill, for this it is better to choose a lowland.
In any case, you need to be patient. It is likely that you will not be able to get drinking water the first time and you will need to make several attempts.
About drilling technologies
Before we talk about the methods of drilling, we list the types of wells:
- to the water;
- on the sand;
- on limestone (artesian).
A shallow well for water is made in order to reach the upper horizons and organize the supply using a pump. This also includes the Abyssinian well from a pipe of small diameter. Accordingly, drilling into sand and into limestone means deepening to the lower layers, as shown in the diagram above.
This is what auger drilling looks like
There are several technologies for punching narrow vertical channels in the earth:
- With the help of a drill made in the form of an auger. To reach the desired depth, the drill builds up with new sections as it dives.
- Core drilling. In this case, the main tool is a hollow pipe with a sharp end, where carbide teeth are welded. In the process of deepening, the glass is filled with rock, which is periodically cleaned out.
- Hydraulic method (direct or reverse flushing). The bottom line is that the drill is lowered into the channel along with the casing, and the soil from working area constantly washed out by the pressure of the water supplied by the drainage pump.
- The shock-rope method involves driving the same glass and periodically excavating the soil to the surface. It uses the impact force from the free fall of the tool placed inside the casing. Typically, the operator manually raises the glass, tied to the coil with a cable, and then releases it into free flight to the bottom of the well.
Reference. For the passage of loose layers or intermediate water carriers, when the auger or glass enters the slurry, a special device is used - a bailer or a drill-spoon. This is a piece of pipe with a check valve in the form of a petal or a ball, filled with liquid rock with each dive. Then the bailer is lifted and cleaned.
The design of a homemade bailer
In addition to the above methods, water well drilling is carried out using the Abyssinian well technology. In short, a pipe with a diameter of 32 mm with a cone at the end is immersed to the level of groundwater, which is subsequently pumped out of the well by a surface pump.
In order to drill at the well site with your own hands and not use specialized equipment, only 2 technologies can be implemented: shock-rope and Abyssinian well. We will tell about them further.
How to punch punch
This is the most inexpensive technology, but rather laborious. For work you will need the following devices:
- a tripod made of rolled metal with a hook and a block on top;
- winch with a cable, equipped with a handle;
- driving tool - a glass and a bailer;
- welding machine;
- manual drill.
Ground punching cup
Advice. If you have a welding inverter and the skills to work with it, you can weld these simple devices in your garage. But the manufacture homemade devices justified when you need to break through not one well, but 10 or 20. It's easier to rent a tripod with a coil.
Before drilling the soil to the required depth, prepare casing pipes. Their diameter should be such that the working tool passes freely inside, but with a minimum clearance, and the length should correspond to the height of the tripod. One condition: impact technology is not applicable on rocks or in soils with stone inclusions. To penetrate such horizons, you will need a carbide-tipped drill.
Independent drilling of a well for water is carried out in the following order:
- From the first section of the casing, make a filter by drilling Ø8-10 mm holes in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 7-8 cm on a pipe section 1 meter long. From above, close the holes with a stainless steel mesh fixed with rivets.
- Make a leader hole with a hand drill to a depth of 0.5-1 m. Here it is important to correctly set the tool at an angle of 90 ° to the surface so that the channel is strictly vertical.
- Insert the first section of casing into the hole, correct the vertical and insert the impact tool inside.
- Leaving a helper to maintain the casing, raise and lower the glass using the spool. When filling, take it out and clean out the rock. As the soil is removed, the pipe will take its place and gradually sink into the ground. To speed up the process, attach a couple of heavy weights to it.
- When the edge of the first section drops to the ground, weld the second section to it, strictly controlling the vertical level. Continue in the same way until you reach the water layer.
Welding the next section in level
An important point. Passing the top water, you will surely come across the slurry that falls out of the iron glass. A mixture of clay and water must be selected from the well using the bailer method, installing it instead of a conventional tool.
When the end of the pipe drops 40-50 cm below the groundwater level, stop punching the channel and proceed to “rocking” the source. To do this, lower the pipe connected to the surface pump to the bottom of the HDPE and pour 2-3 buckets of water into the shaft. Then turn on the unit and let it run for 2 hours, controlling the cleanliness and water pressure. The last step is to equip the well and connect it to the water supply at home, as described in. For more details on the drilling process, see the video:
Abyssinian well
Unlike traditional underground channels, the Abyssinian well has a small diameter (no more than 50 mm) and water is pumped out of it by a surface pump, not a submersible one. There is an opinion that due to the rarefaction created, such a well does not silt, and over time, its debit only grows due to the forced washing out of soil capillaries. In fact, such assertions have no serious grounds.
Before making an Abyssinian well, prepare the required number of casing pipes with a length of 2-2.5 m. Since penetration below 15 m is not expected, it is enough to have 6-7 ready-made segments Ø50 mm on hand, plus the first section with a steel cone at the end - a needle. She will play the role of a drilling tool.
Finished Needle with Mesh
The technology looks like this:
- Make the first section of the casing - the so-called needle. Weld a metal cone to its end, and make holes on the sides and place the mesh, as described in the previous section.
- Dig a small leader hole, insert a needle into it and start driving, keeping to the vertical. To do this, you can use the same tripod with a suspended weight or another device.
- As you sink, weld in new sections and continue to drive in the casing. When approaching the estimated depth, check the appearance of water with a weight on a string.
- After passing the aquifer, lower the polymer pipeline connected to the hand column into the well. Fill it with water and pump the source for 30-60 minutes until clear water comes out. Then proceed to the installation of an autonomous water supply.
Abyssinian well device
Advice. When you start ordering the manufacture of a steel cone, keep in mind that its "skirt" should be 3-5 mm wider than the casing pipe, so that when driving, the mesh does not peel off the walls of the shaft. To facilitate labor, make the end of the needle as sharp as possible.
The Abyssinian well has one significant drawback: before drilling it, you need to know for sure that there is groundwater in this place. Otherwise, you run the risk of burying all the pipes in the ground, since it is not always possible to extract them back. The advantages of the source are simplicity in execution and minimal consumption of materials. If you wish, you can punch such a well right in the house, as a team of workers demonstrates in the video:
Conclusion
The impact drilling method is really suitable in a situation where you need to make a well in the country on your own. Yes, and the Abyssinian well is arranged according to the same technology. To use other methods - auger, core and hydraulic - you need special equipment - a drilling rig, a drainage pump, and so on. But it is impossible to completely abandon these options, despite the high prices, because the composition of the soil and the depth of the water carriers can be different. You can’t break through the rock manually and you won’t go to the horizon over 50 m.
Structural engineer with over 8 years experience in construction.
Graduated from East Ukrainian National University them. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.
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Tricks, innuendo, deceit and fraud are the tools of unfortunate covenants who offer gullible customers to drill wells at a low price. We will try to give arguments why these promises of unscrupulous performers cannot be trusted, and we will tear the veil from their traditional tricks.
Cheap services are not good. With regard to difficult technical, geological work - this is a postulate! Therefore, when you are worried about the creation of a personal water supply system on a suburban area, do not rejoice beyond measure, noticing an announcement of this kind: "we will drill wells in one day - 1000 rubles per meter." And it doesn’t matter where you see such an appeal: in a contextual advertising block, on a cardboard box on a lamppost near a suburban platform, or even on a notebook sheet glued to a neighbor’s fence with a tear-off fringe and phone numbers printed on it.
To refute the thesis that by ordering well drilling in the Moscow region at a price of up to 1,500 rubles per meter, you will receive a reliable water intake facility with a design capacity, durable, which in a week or two will not require major repairs (in the worst case, liquidation), we will give arguments.
How customers are deceived when drilling wells for water: favorite schemes for deceiving drillers
Poor casing installation
Limestone wells in its classical design form two pipe strings. The outer part, it is called - casing, acts as a kind of supporting frame. It restrains the pressure of rocks, does not allow them to bend the verticality of the trunk, excludes the possibility of getting into the mining part of the perched water, groundwater or water from those horizons that are not intended to be developed.
When water wells are being drilled, a steel casing string is installed along the entire depth of the working, while its lower part is already in the limestone. Half or two meters - all determine the geological characteristics of the reservoir. At the end of the installation phase of the steel column, limestone is destroyed with a chisel of a smaller diameter inside this column, in order to then install the operational part - pipes made of HDPE or uPVC.
This is an example of good work. What then is the deception of water drillers?
Here, the customer should be alerted by the announced low price of drilling a well. Clever workers work according to a tried and tested scheme. They know exactly how deep it is “profitable” for them to make a trunk for casing it with steel pipes. IN best case they will bring the metal to the top of the limestone. At worst - at their discretion: half the interval, a third, or even several meters.
Since the customer is not privy to such nuances, they will say to him: “Master! The casing is ready, we are moving on to work on the production part with a smaller diameter.” But here, unscrupulous craftsmen will work in good faith: they will reach the aquifer, install plastic. But what difficulties in the future, and foreseeable, will the owner of a fake water intake face.
For example, argillaceous rocks lying above limestone will crush, deform, plastic production casing. Everything that is possible will drain into the aquifer - from groundwater to any liquids from opened, but not isolated layers. And as a result - to bury the pump clamped with deformed plastic in the well and forget about the production of water of acceptable quality (without mechanical impurities) until overhaul or drilling a new well.
Thickness matters, why use thin-walled steel pipes?
Reducing the metal consumption of the structure is good, in order to save money. However, such an approach of drillers is disastrous during the construction of a water intake facility. Usage steel pipes with a "thin" wall, indeed, allows you to drill wells cheaply. But what does the customer of services get besides imaginary benefits?
To create a casing string, for example, 133 mm steel pipes are suitable. The assortment today includes products of this diameter with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm - this is already an economy option - and "super-economy" 3.5 and 4 mm. Recall that corrosion corrodes this material at a rate of 0.1 mm per year, and in the range of water level fluctuations (static / dynamic) and other factors, it reaches 1 mm per year. It is not difficult to calculate how many years it will take to replace the entire structure. Therefore, assurances about decades of operation of a personal source without installing a plastic production string inside, in fact, will turn out to be nothing more than an ordinary deception of water well drillers.
Diameter, thickness and material of plastic pipes
HDPE pipes - for the production of economy pipes from HDPE, recycled plastic is used. They are called technical. Such pipes usually do not have markings; when heated, they emit bad smell, lose their shape, have a matte color and a heterogeneous structure.
They are not able to withstand mountain loads, their threads simply fly out of each other in hot weather. In this case, mountain drillers screw self-tapping screws into the threaded parts to fix the pipes together.
uPVC pipes - in order to reduce the cost, thin-walled pipes of small diameter are most often used - Ø90, Ø110 or Ø113 mm, with a thickness of 4 mm.
For guidance on the required wall thickness, depending on the depth of installation, we will give a table of the characteristics of uPVC pipes.
| Outer diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm | Inner diameter, mm | Socket outside diameter, mm | Maximum installation depth, m | Recommended installation depth, m |
| 90 | 4 | 82 | 94 | 92 | 73 |
| 90 | 5 | 80 | 96 | 184 | 147 |
| 90 | 8 | 74 | 102 | 810 | 648 |
| 110 | 4 | 102 | 114 | 50 | 40 |
| 110 | 5 | 100 | 116 | 98 | 80 |
| 110 | 6 | 98 | 118 | 174 | 140 |
| 113 | 4 | 105 | 117 | 45 | 35 |
| 113 | 5 | 103 | 119 | 90 | 73 |
| 113 | 7 | 99 | 123 | 260 | 207 |
| 116 | 4 | 108 | 120 | 42 | 33 |
| 116 | 5 | 106 | 122 | 84 | 67 |
| 116 | 6 | 104 | 124 | 147 | 118 |
| 120 | 4 | 112 | 124 | 38 | 30 |
| 120 | 5 | 110 | 126 | 75 | 60 |
| 125 | 4 | 117 | 129 | 33 | 26 |
| 125 | 5 | 115 | 131 | 66 | 50 |
| 125 | 6 | 113 | 133 | 117 | 95 |
| 125 | 7,5 | 110 | 136 | 234 | 187 |
| 129 | 8 | 113 | 141 | 260 | 208 |
| 140 | 5,5 | 129 | 147 | 63 | 50 |
| 140 | 6,5 | 127 | 149 | 105 | 84 |
| 140 | 8 | 124 | 152 | 200 | 160 |
| 140 | 10 | 120 | 156 | 400 | 325 |
| 160 | 7,5 | 145 | 171 | 108 | 87 |
| 160 | 9,5 | 141 | 175 | 225 | 180 |
| 165 | 7,5 | 150 | 176 | 100 | 80 |
| 165 | 9,5 | 146 | 180 | 205 | 165 |
| 165 | 12 | 141 | 185 | 428 | 343 |
The depth of installation can be increased in proportion to the rise in the water level (static/dynamic) in the well. Because the external pressure on the pipe will be compensated by the internal water pressure in the pipe.
Triple cheat: Wrong casing using "special" pipes.
There is, perhaps, no reason to accuse the drillers of their intention to deceive such a customer who liked the announcement: drilling wells for 1000 rubles per meter. Perhaps the performers will be quite sincere in pricing: they will make the casing string from powder metal pipes with a wall of 3.5 mm, the interval by which they “strengthen” the wellbore with this pseudo-casing will be nominal - 5 m, 10 m. A pipe made of recycled plastic will reach the water , or thin-walled PVC pipe Ø90 mm.
Attracting attention at an unrealistically low price
The contractor may well declare that the cost of their services is democratic at a competitive price “below the market”, at the end voicing: drilling of wells is 1,500 rubles per meter multiplied by an unrealistic depth (less than what actually happens). The customer, however, must understand: he finds himself in a similar situation, as if he agreed to play against a cheater who has specks on all the cards.
Offering to drill a well at a low, clearly underestimated price, an unscrupulous contractor knows what he is getting into. For example, he is competently aware of the geological features of any region of the Moscow region. But he does not share this information with the consumer, here he is the very ace in the sleeve of the cheater. Therefore, having arrived at the site and started working, the drilling crew begins to say that boulders met here. Or limestone lies much deeper than the planned mark. The limestone has been passed, but the trunk is dry. It would be necessary to add depth and, of course, for an unforeseen extra volume of penetration. Finally, the original agreement - on a single-pipe column - will not be fulfilled, the realities are such that it will be necessary to drill with a smaller diameter and install additional pipes.
Consequences of drilling wells cheaply
The deception of drillers when drilling a well for water will be revealed after a short period of using the water intake. The lack of proper casing will lead to siltation of the filtration part of the production string, the source productivity will drop, and mechanical impurities will appear. If, as mentioned above, the rocks deform plastic pipe into which submersible pump, you may not be able to remove the equipment at all. Water will stop flowing into the house.
In an emergency order, the search for the phone of the performers will begin, but it will not be possible to contact them. Such firms quickly change federal numbers and names of LLCs. Still: the money has been raised, why be responsible and even more so to correct mistakes. The owner of a poorly made well will have to select repairmen who will fully declare that this water intake structure cannot be reanimated. And as an option, they will offer drilling a new well, but it is no longer cheap.
Choosing a Reliable Drilling Company: Key Criteria
A professional drilling company is an independent production complex. The fact that such and such an organization exists (and for how many years), who its leader is, any person will find out by requesting an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. But what this team does as a visible, trusted technical service provider is:
1. Own fleet of drilling equipment.
A professional company has several types of installations on wheeled chassis, for example, URB-2A2, URB-3A3, 1BA-15. With this technique, industrial drilling of wells is also carried out, producing water from a depth of up to 600m. The property of the company, if it is not used to fulfill the order, is located at its own base, where it is held Maintenance, as well as pipes, other professional tools, including small-sized installations, spare parts and other consumables are stored.
2. Permanent staff of specialists.
The need to select employees who have received specialized education does not require explanation. In addition, in order to join the SRO and obtain membership in the professional community, the company documents that the personnel have the appropriate qualifications.
3. SRO approval.
Of course, the "tolerance" itself does not yet speak about the stability of the company. But a serious organization serves not only private traders, but also legal entities that order serious volumes of drilling. For such cooperation, the service provider must have the right to carry out dangerous and high-responsibility work. But in any case, membership in self-regulatory organizations gives guarantees to customers. In the event of liquidation of the company, the SRO from its funds compensates for the costs of servicing or repairing wells.
4. Performance of work after the signing of the contract and the provision of guarantees.
The water intake facility is under warranty service for the period of time that is prescribed in the contract for the provision of technical services. This approach indicates that cheating on the part of drillers when drilling a well for water should not be expected.
5. Customer feedback.
Positive, neutral or angry comments from service users build a company's reputation. The study of opinions published on thematic resources will lead to a decision - whether to use the services of this organization or not.
What to look for in order not to make a mistake with the choice of a drilling company
- The company has a website, but, for example, there are no pages on it that describe the features of drilling in each of the districts of the Moscow Region, and, accordingly, the cost of arranging a well in a particular location is not given. There are no “production” videos from our own Youtube channel, and photos of drilling equipment look like simple “stock” pictures.
- There is a site, but on the same site there is no information about the location of the technical base. It is necessary to additionally ask a question about the possibility of visiting it.
- Since there is an office space, there should be a permanent telephone, a stationary computer, and not a mobile phone in hand and a laptop on the table. Any infrastructure (network, IP telephony, databases, workplaces) cannot be adjusted in 5 minutes. Without infrastructure, the process of management, maintenance and production is not possible. All this is not? Perhaps this is a "fake" company, which will soon be gone.
- Reviews, as in the case of a conscientious company, are a slippery, subjective thing. Especially today, when the SERM service - online reputation management - is offered by hundreds of digital agencies.
- The company is ready to drill wells, and take the money only after the commissioning of the facility. This supposedly competitive advantage will be offered more likely by new market players. To find at least the first customer.
A few stories about cooperation with unscrupulous drillers
Viktor, Ramensky district
As I later realized my trouble, I paid off the drillers as soon as they completed the work, showing the flowing water for 5 minutes. We demonstrated the result: here is a well, we lower the pump, we begin to extract water. They rejoiced that they became the owners of their source, more than an hour, until it dried up. Later, the mechanics of this fraudulent trick were explained to me. It was necessary to pump water at least 1-2 hours without stopping!
The "masters" did not reach the water, so they simply poured clean water into the barrel and said - use it. They managed to report the problem to me, they even promised to return and fix the marriage in the work. But not a day or two later they did not arrive, and a week later their phone was completely turned off.
Marina, Balashikhinsky district
I came across very unscrupulous drillers. We agreed to drill a well at a price of 2200 per meter. When the work seemed to come to an end, they began to demand more money from me: for installing a filter, for pumping, for a passport for water intake. In excess of the agreed amount, I had to pay almost 20,000 rubles for "additional services."
Larisa, Kolomna district
I witnessed how my neighbors in the country were deceived. They are still young, there is not much money, they thought to save. Rogues took advantage of their youth and convinced the guys that for a full-fledged well, it is enough to install one pipe, not even steel, but plastic. Six months later, something happened to this pipe, maybe it cracked. It is easy to draw such a conclusion, since the water comes out of it cloudy, and the filter is constantly clogged with sand. They were able to contact the drillers, but they refused to fix anything, citing that their guarantee does not cover such problems.
Our report on the most popular methods of deception is over. New tricks, fraudulent methods are constantly added by unscrupulous performers.
We will be grateful if in the comments below you share your situation, the name of the company and how you were deceived.
Informed means armed. Armed means protected. Your message will help many save nerves, time and money.
We are waiting for your messages!
The first thing an owner should do suburban area, whether it is a rural courtyard or just a garden, to provide water supply. It is good if a centralized water supply was built, but, alas, it is not present in every locality. In such a situation, one thing remains - to extract water from underground. Contrary to popular belief, this event is not always extremely costly, because the technology of drilling a well under water can well be mastered by a self-taught person who is used to doing everything on his own.
12 to 50 m
The middle depths are the realm of water-bearing sand. The water here is quite clean, but getting to it with just a shovel or a pointed pipe will not work. Nevertheless, the desire to build a well on the sand on your own is quite feasible. You will need special equipment and deeper knowledge of the technology of drilling water wells with your own hands. It is about sand wells that will be discussed further.
About drilling methods
Before you drill a water well with your own hands, you must select the type of drilling rig (there are three of them).
Shock rope
A heavy load, called a cartridge, as well as a special tool - a bailer - is suspended from the frame with a cable. From below, several strong triangular teeth are welded onto a cartridge weighing about 80 kg. Raising it and dropping it, loosen the soil, which is then removed with a bailer.
Before starting work, it is necessary to make a shallow well with a garden drill. The cartridge can also be lifted manually, but it is better to use a rotary motor for this.
This method is used when working on a light or clay soil.
Screw
The working body of such an installation is similar to a garden drill, only very powerful. It is made from a 100 mm pipe, on which a couple of turns of a screw with a diameter of 200 mm are welded. For the manufacture of one turn, a round sheet blank is used with a hole cut in its center with a diameter of just over 100 mm. A cut is made along the workpiece radius, then the edges in the place of this cut are parted in two opposite directions perpendicular to the workpiece plane.
As the drill sinks, the bar on which it is fixed increases. The tool is rotated manually using a long handle made from a pipe. Every 50 - 70 cm, the drill will have to be removed, and since it will have more and more weight as it goes deeper, for this it will be necessary to install a tripod with a winch.
Rotary
For all its complexity this option is the most efficient and versatile. Soil development is carried out by means of a drill bit fixed on a constantly growing pipe - a drill rod or a column. Drill bits may have different design, the choice of which depends on the type of ground being overcome at the moment.
Rotary drilling combines rotational and percussive action on the rock. In addition, the design of the drill column allows you to pump water or mud into the well, which erode the soil and significantly speed up the advancement of the tool.
Where to drill
Before starting any work, the hydrogeological situation should be clarified. The best source of information is owners of surrounding areas, especially if they already have wells or have once tried to build them.
The second way is how to make a well for water, or rather, choose a place for it - search for hydrogeological maps in your area, which may be kept by design organizations or relevant departments.
If it was not possible to obtain a clear idea of the presence and nature of aquifers, you will have to take the most costly step - to order exploration drilling . However, before that, you can try one of folk methods , for example, dowsing (dowsing), which, according to some evidence, can indicate the presence or absence of water underground with acceptable accuracy.
When choosing a place for a well, you should beware of the neighborhood in the form of septic tanks, cesspools, landfills or livestock complexes. If they are still nearby, then they should be at a distance of no closer than 30 m. Of course, the well should be located closer to the house. The optimal distance is 3 m.
Equipment
To drill a well on the site with your own hands, you need to prepare the following elements:
Read about what characteristics and advantages it has in our separate article.
Comparison of wells and wells is a site. All for and against these sources of water intake.
Let's start drilling
Let's bring general instruction regarding how to equip a well in the country with your own hands:
- A square excavation is made in the ground with dimensions in terms of 1.5x1.5 m and a depth of 1 to 2 m - the so-called pit. It is necessary in order to prevent shedding of loose surface soil into the well. Inside, the pit is sheathed with plywood or boards, and on top of it for ease of carrying out installation work boardwalk is laid.
- After installation of the installation, two coaxial holes are cut out in the upper and lower floors of the pit, after which drilling is started.
- The drill rod is rotated by means of a gear motor or manually. At the same time, a bodice is put on the bar, on which one of the workers strikes with a hammer. Alternative option: the drill is lifted by a winch and dumped in the same way as it is done with shock-rope drilling. If necessary, water or drilling fluid is supplied to the rod.
- In parallel with drilling, a casing pipe with a special shoe installed from below is installed in the well. Like a drill rod, it builds up gradually.
- After the quicksand (soil with high humidity), drilling accelerates (the aquifer has begun), and then slows down again. This means that a water-resistant layer has been reached and drilling can be stopped.
- A filter column is lowered into the well, after which it is washed with a strong pressure of water.
- A submersible pump is lowered into the well, with which they begin to pump out water until it becomes absolutely clean.
At the final stage of do-it-yourself well equipment in the country, all cavities are covered with a sand-gravel mixture, and a pipeline is laid to the house in a trench.
Common Mistakes
The lack of experience of self-taught drillers most often manifests itself in the following:
- The drill is lowered too deep, as a result of which the casing pipe crosses the aquifer. Solution: raise the casing or insert a new, shorter one into it, after which the previously installed pipe should be removed.
- The casing pipe did not reach the required depth, as a result of which the soil below collapsed and the well productivity dropped sharply. Solution: remove the soil with a bailer, then immerse the pipe to the required depth.
- The pump was set too low, causing the well to become clogged with sand.
In the latter case, remove the pump and, having selected the sand with a bailer, install it correctly. The correct position is determined as follows: the operating pump is gradually lowered until sand is found in the pumped water. After that, the pump is slightly raised until the water supplied by it becomes clean. (usually the correct position of the pump is 1-2 m from the bottom).
How to drill a well under water with your own hands and what equipment you can use to watch the video.
Sooner or later, the owners of dachas who were not lucky enough to have a centralized water supply think about the issue of finding a source of water. In this case, underground horizons remain the only option. In order to decide which method of water extraction to choose - a well or a well, you should find out the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Well and well: differences
Let's look at the issues of cost, complexity of maintenance and ease of use of a well and a well, as well as what service life and water quality should be expected in both cases.
Price
Due to the absence of the need for drilling and the use of heavy equipment, the construction of a well will cost a much smaller amount. And even if you pump water from the well not manually, but with a pump, its cost cannot be compared with the price of well equipment.
The cost of the well depends on its depth and, accordingly, the required number of rings. Today, one concrete ring costs an average of 2 thousand rubles, and its digging in heavy clay soil costs about 15 thousand rubles. For example, for a well 12 meters deep, 15 rings are needed. Thus, this turnkey well will cost about 65-70 thousand rubles.
The cost of arranging a well primarily depends on the depth of drilling. It also reflects the time of year and the technique used. Do not forget about the cost of buying casing, head and pump.
Usually, the cost of drilling one meter of a well, performed by drilling specialists, starts from 1.8 thousand rubles with steel 20 pipes with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm and a threaded connection. And it remains constant regardless of the required depth.
In addition, the well should be equipped with a pump, for which you will have to pay from 30 thousand rubles. Then the total price of the well will start from the amount of 100 thousand rubles. To use water for drinking purposes, the well must be equipped with a filtration system, the price of which will be 50-250 thousand rubles.
Did you know? Although 70% of the Earth's surface is covered with water, only 1% of it is fresh water. The problem of lack of resources is getting worse every year. Over the past fifty years, more than 500 conflicts related to access to drinking water, and 21 of them ended in hostilities.
The convenience of use
The oldest method of extracting water from underground sources. It is extremely versatile and performs its functions even in the absence of electricity, in which case water can be obtained with an ordinary bucket.
However, the well has a limited supply of liquid, on average it is 150-250 liters per hour. Therefore, if it is necessary to serve a large area, especially with a lot of green spaces or a pool, this amount may not be enough. In addition, a shallow well dug for a perch is completely dependent on precipitation and can become shallow in dry times.
Artesian layers have an almost inexhaustible supply, and you will not be limited in watering or other household needs. But when the electricity is turned off, it will be impossible to get liquid from the column. Therefore, in order not to be in such a situation, it is necessary to provide an autonomous power generator or a storage tank, which, of course, will lead to even greater material costs.
Difficulties of care
The well must be used regularly, otherwise after 3-4 years it will begin to silt. In addition, it should be cleaned and washed at least twice a year, and if necessary, also treated with disinfectants.
The well does not need to be cleaned, there is a filter for this. Its maintenance consists only in observing the correct operation of the equipment.
Unlike a tap, well water will not taste rusty. but ecological state surrounding area may affect its quality. Usually the depth of the aquifer is from 5 to 25 meters. This is not much, so it can get rainfall, runoff from nearby industries, or chemical fertilizers from farms.
The water from the well is of the best quality, since it is extracted from deep horizons. Spring water has always been valued for its purity and usefulness, it practically does not contain nitrates and salts of harmful metals. And thanks to the closed neck of the well, leaves, insects, frogs or any debris do not get into it. However, this water may have a metallic or rusty taste.
Important! Please note that groundwater is actually technical. And to bring them to drinking quality, further purification is necessary, for example, by a filtration system.
A properly arranged well will regularly perform its functions for 30-50 years. The key to its long life is care and timely cleaning.
A well-arranged well will also last quite a long time - at least 25 years, depending on the equipment chosen, maintenance, operating conditions and chemical composition liquids and soils. Artesian wells are distinguished by a higher durability - up to 50 years.
Types of wells: their pros and cons
There are two types of wells depending on the depth of groundwater:
- mine;
- Abyssinian.
Mine
If groundwater is not located deep and there is no need for their large volumes, it is enough to dig a pit manually or mechanically, strengthen its walls and arrange a cap. In this case, you get a shaft-type device, known to our ancestors. And modern Construction Materials make it more reliable and durable.
Such a well takes liquid in the nearest permanent aquifer from the surface. In most cases, the well is dug by hand, then the earth is removed, and the walls of the mine are strengthened. concrete rings, finishing material (stone, brick) or wood (larch, pine, oak).
When digging a well, it is buried in a solid layer below the aquifer. The liquid is lifted manually or by an electric pump. It gradually flows down from the horizons and accumulates in the well in a certain amount. If you take all the water from the well, then the new one will arrive only after a while.
Advantages of a mine well:
- relatively low labor intensity and price;
- work in the absence of electricity;
- easy care due to large diameter;
- ease of operation.
Disadvantages:
- limited fluid supply;
- the likelihood of water pollution;
- the need to clean the walls and bottom;
- the probability of emptying the well in the heat.
Abyssinian
Such a well is arranged when there is no need for a powerful well. Its second name is a well needle. It does not require heavy equipment or large excavation, it is dug by hand drilling or using compact equipment.
The device of such a well consists in installing a pipe of a small section (up to 4 cm) to the depth of the upper aquifer. For better immersion of the pipe into the ground, it is equipped with a conical tip with a diameter of 4-5 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe itself. In this case, the lower part of the pipe is equipped with a filter that protects against contamination. The liquid is supplied to the surface by a self-priming pump.
The maximum depth of the Abyssinian well is 12-13 meters. Such a well can be mounted in any convenient place, avoiding the proximity of sewers or drainage collectors. Also, clay should not be found at the water intake site so that the filter does not clog. It should be noted that the needle well should be preserved for the winter: dismantle the pump, drain the water, put a plug on the well.
Advantages:
- more water volume than in a mine well;
- simplicity of design;
- relatively low costs;
- cleaner water than a conventional well.
Disadvantages:
- does not work without electricity;
- need to be preserved for the winter.
Did you know? Studies have shown that water reduces the potential risk of a heart attack. It has been found that people who drink six glasses of clean water per day, less likely to have a heart attack compared to those who drank just two glasses.
Types of wells with their pros and cons
There are two main types of wells - sand and artesian. Let's look at how they differ and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each of these types.
Sandy (filter)
The peculiarity of such a well is that it is carried out in sandy soil. Its depth can reach up to 30 meters, and the maximum service life is 15 years. Although practice shows that on average this figure is about 7 years, which is one of the disadvantages of this type of well.
Another disadvantage is the limited supply of liquid - about 500 liters per hour and its not very high quality due to the ingress of precipitation into aquifers. However, the dirtiest perch water does not get into them, so the water will be slightly better in quality than from a well. In addition, to avoid silting, it must be used regularly.
However, if we compare it with artesian, then the advantages include: lower cost, the use of small-sized equipment, short construction time and low iron content.
Artesian
Pipe or artesian mines are called mines with a depth of more than 20 meters, which take water from the artesian layer located between two water-resistant layers. Such work is carried out only with the help of heavy equipment, and sometimes the drilling depth can reach 200 meters. An artesian well produces an average of 2 cubic meters of fluid per hour and, under favorable conditions, can last up to 50 years.
The well itself consists of plastic or metal casing pipes, a caisson, pumping equipment and automation systems. All work on its construction and connection must be carried out only by specialists.
Artesian water is usually of very good quality due to reliable protection from surface contamination. It can fully meet all the needs of a private home. However, before using water for drinking purposes, it is necessary to do its chemical analysis and, depending on its results, install a purification system.
Pros:
- high performance;
- good water quality;
- structural durability;
- occasional use is allowed.
- high cost of works and equipment;
- high mineralization of water;
- inability to work without electricity;
- inability to clean in case of silting.
Important!Even the simplest shaft-type well is better not to dig yourself, but to invite specialists. Since there is a risk of running into the so-called "floater", which can lead to tragedy.
How to make a choice: summing up
In order to determine the method of extracting water in the country, you need to analyze several factors:
- ground water level;
- the volume of water required on the farm;
- material possibilities;
- the possibility of installing pumping equipment.