How many atmospheres in the city water supply. Water pressure in the plumbing

For the normal functioning of plumbing equipment in an apartment, the pressure in the water supply network must correspond to certain values. To measure pressure, the unit of measurement is usually bar or atmosphere (1 bar \u003d 1.0197 atm.). According to building codes, the pressure in the apartment should be within 4 bar. At the same time, for the normal functioning of the water supply system in the apartment, the pressure can be in the range from 2 to 6 bar.

The water pressure from the tap in the apartment is not high enough

Plumbing in the apartment

The scheme of the water supply network in the apartment is shown in the figure below.

Scheme of the water supply network in the apartment

As can be seen from the figure, many devices are connected to the apartment water supply, which need to be supplied with water of the appropriate pressure. To shut off the water in case of repair or installation of plumbing equipment, taps (1) are provided. A manometer (2) is used to control the pressure. For coarse cleaning water filter (3) is provided. It also shows devices for regulating the pressure in the network, such as an expansion tank (8) and a pressure reducer (4). A fine filter (5) is used to purify water. Also, a check valve (6) must be installed on the system to prevent water leakage from the accumulator (8). A relief valve (7) is installed on the expansion tank itself to relieve excess pressure. Also, to relieve excess pressure on the system, a valve (9) with a drain cock (10) is provided. It is triggered when the pressure in the network rises to critical and discharges water from the system. On the boiler, which is designed to receive hot water, an automatic air vent (11) is installed, which serves to bleed air from the boiler tank. The thermostatic mixer (12) is used to bring hot water to the desired temperature by mixing it with cold water. A thermometer (13) is used to control the hot water temperature. Collectors (14) are provided for distributing water to consumers according to the collector scheme.

Low pressure is usually observed on the upper floors, and high - on the contrary, on the lower ones. Therefore, in the first case, it is necessary to install devices for increasing pressure, and in the second - for lowering.

In order not to create too much pressure on the lower floors, especially in multi-storey buildings (more than 9 floors), zoning is used, that is, water is supplied to the lower floors by one riser, and to the upper floors by another. Also, in some cases, booster pumping stations are used to supply water to the upper floors.

Low and high pressure

At low pressure:

Many devices in the apartment that use water, such as a washing machine or dishwasher, are designed to operate at a certain pressure, so they simply will not work if the pressure is below normal.

With low pressure in the water supply network, it is impossible to take a shower or just wash the dishes normally, especially if an instantaneous water heater is used to heat hot water.

The mechanism of the toilet bowl functions poorly and at the same time it often becomes clogged, which creates certain inconveniences.

High pressure also creates certain problems:

in pipes, especially threaded connections, leaks appear, which requires a certain amount of time to eliminate them. Moreover, if the pressure increase occurs periodically, then it is also not so easy to determine the places of leaks, since at low pressure they may not manifest themselves.
Many devices are designed for a certain maximum pressure, and therefore, at very high pressure, they can either work incorrectly or even fail.
If the pressure is very high and at the same time it can rise and fall sharply, then a pipeline rupture may occur in some place. At the same time, more than one apartment in the house will be flooded.

Water pressure regulation

To increase the pressure in the apartment, devices such as pumps and pumping stations are used:

Pumps are placed in the water supply system at low pressure in the network, such a device is able to raise the water pressure in the water supply system by 1.5-2 bar. You can install both constantly running pumps, and those that turn on when you open a water tap. Moreover, the installation according to the second option is better, since it not only saves electricity, but also increases the life of the pump. A variant of such a pump is shown in the figure below.

Centrifugal pump for maintaining pressure in the water supply

With a very low water pressure in the water supply system or its complete absence, it will not work just to install a centrifugal pump, you will have to install a pumping station. This unit consists of a pump, a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch that regulates the supply of the required pressure. The pumping station is shown in the figure below.

What does the pumping station look like?

A rubber membrane is installed in the accumulator, dividing the tank into two zones: water and air. Air is pumped into the air zone under a certain pressure, which is controlled by a pressure gauge. With this device, you can accumulate a certain volume of water under pressure and use it in the absence of hot water in the network. The device of the accumulator tank is shown in the figure below.

The design of the accumulator

As can be seen from the figure, the device is a tank with a rubber membrane inside. Without water, the membrane is in a compressed state. When water enters, the air around the membrane is compressed, and the membrane itself is stretched, filling with water. Thus, the accumulation of water of a certain volume under pressure is ensured. If there is water in the water supply network, the tank is filled with water, and in its absence, water flows back into the system. To fill the tank with air, a special spool is provided, through which air is pumped in by a pump.

To adjust the pressure in the accumulator, the pumping station has a pressure gauge and a pressure switch that turns on the pump at low pressure and turns it off at high pressure. The device has a very simple design and is a membrane that bends under the action of water pressure and opens or closes contacts.

Before you think about installing a pump, you need to make an audit water pipes. Perhaps the reason low pressure- their contamination.

To prevent overpressure, a special pressure regulator is needed. The principle of operation of this device is based on the interaction of a piston or membrane with a spring and water pressure. The greater the pressure of the water, the greater the counteracting force of the spring and vice versa. The appearance and operation of such a device is shown in the figure below.

Scheme of the structure of the apartment pressure regulator

The device is a structure consisting of a housing (1), in which the pressure control mechanism in the network is located. As can be seen from the figure, the water entering the regulator on the right passes through the spool (5) and at the same time enters the movement zone of the diaphragm with the spring (10), which acts on the diaphragm through the stop cone (7). The membrane, in turn, pushes the piston (4) connected to the spool (5). A gasket (13) is used to seal the spool. O-rings (11) and (12) are provided to seal the piston and diaphragm. At the same time, the greater the pressure of water, the more it will counteract itself.

Thus, they achieve regulation of the pressure of water in the water supply network. Setting the desired pressure is provided by a screw (8), which compresses and unclenches the spring. The spring is located in the housing cover (2) and is closed by a protective cap (9). This simple device works well and for a long time if used correctly. Instead of plug (3), a pressure gauge can be installed to measure the pressure.

How to provide water pressure

From the above devices for regulating water in an apartment, you can choose exactly the one that fits the conditions of one particular apartment. For example, if the pressure in the network is constantly high, and the water supply is provided around the clock, then it is enough to install a pressure regulator at the outlet from the riser. The same can be done if the pressure constantly "jumps" from the nominal to the maximum value. The pressure regulator will even out all these jumps and provide a normal stable pressure in the network.

If the network pressure is low, then you can install a pressure gauge and a booster pump with activation from the opening of the tap. This pump will be able to provide water pressure up to the nominal value. Moreover, if the pressure constantly jumps from the minimum to the maximum value, then you need to install a pump, a pressure gauge, and a pressure regulator. Moreover, the regulator is installed after the pump in the direction of water movement. When installing the regulator, you need to make sure that it is installed correctly, that is, the arrow on the body corresponds to the direction of water movement.

In the most difficult situation, when there are constant pressure drops from the minimum to the maximum value, and there are interruptions in the water supply, the pumping station paired with the pressure regulator will help out. Moreover, if you do not need to increase the pressure, that is, the water is supplied intermittently, but the pressure is normal, you can simply install a hydraulic accumulator, a pressure gauge and a pressure regulator. In this case, it is necessary to install a check valve in front of the accumulator, otherwise when the water supply stops, it will go back to the riser from the accumulator.

In contact with

Situations when the pressure of water coming from a tap in an apartment is weak are widespread, so the question of what to do in such cases is quite relevant. Weak water pressure in the apartment, when water from the tap flows in a thin stream, makes it impossible to use washing and dishwashers and sometimes in such cases it is impossible even to take a shower. In the meantime, you can fix this problem using one of the following methods.

Causes of low water pressure

To find out exactly why there is a weak pressure of cold or hot water in the taps of an apartment, you should first of all interview your neighbors above and below, whose apartments are connected to the same water supply as yours. If only you faced the problem of low pressure, this means that the reasons for its occurrence lie in the pipeline water supply system of your apartment.

We list the most typical of these reasons:

Clogged pipes are the most common cause of poor water pressure. Most often, apartments clog old steel pipes, the inner walls are characterized by high roughness. It is better to replace such pipes with new ones in order to solve the problem of low water pressure.
Another common cause of low water pressure in the taps of a single apartment is a clogged coarse filter, which must be installed in front of the water meters. Such a filtering device, also called a mud collector or an oblique filter, is periodically clogged with sand, rust and other debris, so it must be cleaned.
Clogging of the aerator, a special filter mesh that is installed in the spout, can also lead to a decrease in the pressure of water in the tap. To raise the pressure in the tap in this case, it is enough to unscrew the aerator and clean it.

If, however, not only you, but also your neighbors in an apartment building faced a weak pressure of water in the taps, then the reason may lie both in a separate riser of the house, and in the clogging of the entire house pipeline. In addition, the power of the pumping station seriously affects the water pressure in the water supply system.

In cases where the weak pressure of water in the taps is not connected with the pipeline of a separate apartment, the utility service or Management Company.

Ways to increase the pressure in the apartment water supply

The question of how to increase the water pressure in the apartment and thereby improve the water supply of your own home can be dealt with on your own, without waiting for the management company to respond to your applications and claims. In order for hot and cold, as well as mixed warm water, to come from the taps of your apartment with good pressure, you can use several tricks.

The use of pipes of larger diameter in the plumbing system of the apartment

The pressure with which water moves through the pipes depends on the hydraulic pressure that is created in such pipes. The value of this parameter is the higher, the smaller the diameter of the pipe and the greater the speed of the flow of water that moves through it. Accordingly, if you reduce the hydraulic pressure in the water supply by installing pipes of a larger diameter, then the speed of the fluid decreases, and the pressure increases.

It is this method of increasing water pressure that many apartment owners use. However, a significant increase in water pressure using this method cannot be achieved.

Use of pumping units

Installing compact pumping equipment is another way to successfully answer the question of how to increase the water pressure in the water supply of your apartment. To date, to purchase such pumping equipment does not present any problems. For efficient work similar devices quite enough even a weak pressure and fluid flow in the apartment water supply.

A powerful centrifugal pump can significantly increase the pressure in the water supply system

The most powerful models of such compact pumps allow you to increase the water pressure by 1.5 atm, which is quite enough for the comfortable operation of an apartment water supply. Such powerful devices are installed, as a rule, immediately after the root valve.

To provide sufficient water pressure to household appliances that especially need it, place the pump directly in front of them. For such purposes, less powerful devices are used that can increase the water pressure by 0.8 atm.

It should be noted that increasing the water pressure in a single apartment, performed using compact pumping units, is sufficient effective way solution to this pressing problem. When installed complete with a water pressure sensor, the pump can operate in automatic mode, turning off when the pressure in the water supply reaches the required value. In the off state, the pump does not create obstacles for the movement of fluid through the pipeline system.

How to increase water pressure throughout an apartment building

Many owners of apartments in apartment buildings, constantly facing problems with water supply and not wanting to change something in their own housing, are wondering how to increase the water pressure in the entire building at once. This problem is solved quite simply - by installing a pumping station at the inlet of the water supply system of the house or replacing the old station with a more powerful installation.

Pumping stations, which are designed to increase the water pressure in the apartments of the whole house, are equipped with several pumps and automatic systems. The task of automation of such pumping units is to reduce the performance of the pumps of the station at the moment when the pressure in the pipeline is too high, and automatically increase it when it drops below the standard value.

Of course, in order to install such equipment, which increases the pressure in the house water supply to the required level, the residents of all apartments will have to cooperate, purchase necessary equipment, pay for its installation and launch by qualified specialists. However, after this, the problem of low water pressure in the pipeline system of the house will be completely eliminated.

What to do with poor water pressure in the water supply system of a private house

Low water pressure in a private house served by an autonomous water supply system is also a common problem. In private houses, a weak pressure of cold water supplied by a pump from a well or a well can not only cause a deterioration in living conditions, but also exclude the possibility of watering green spaces in the garden.

In most cases, the problem of low water pressure in private houses and cottages is solved by installing storage tanks of various capacities, in which the liquid supplied by the pumping station will be collected in the required amount, providing stable pressure in the autonomous water supply system. To ensure that the water level in the storage tanks always remains constant, they are equipped with float switches for the liquid level, which automatically turn on and off the pumping equipment.

Many residents associate the plumbing system with a series of pipes located in the walls and faucets, turning which water flows. And also most people have no idea about all the complexities of the communication network.

The working pressure in the water supply system is one of the main indicators of the effective operation of the water supply system. All plumbing fixtures can only function properly with stable water pressure.

A weak pressure, presenting itself as slowly flowing water from a tap, indicates a low pressure in the communication network. In particular, this factor worries the citizens who own apartments on the upper floors and residents country houses.

Weak pressure stops the operation of washing machines and dishwashers, showers and bathtubs. This article will address questions about pressure standards, the maximum and minimum allowable indicators.

Normal performance

The unit of measurement for pressure in water supply pipes in an apartment and in a private house is 1 bar, which is equal to 1.0197 atmospheres. This indicator fully corresponds to the mass of a water column 10 m high.

The communication network requires an operating pressure of 4 bar, which in turn corresponds to the weight of a 40 m high water column.

This indicator will provide water to consumers of all floors, including the top ones. But it should be noted that the stability of the indicator is extremely rare. Moreover, a pressure of 4 bar is not so common. A typical plumbing system implies a pressure in the range of 2.5–7.5 bar.

Strong pressure and a correspondingly increased pressure indicator lead to malfunctions in the water supply, moreover, some plumbing fixtures are damaged at 6.5 bar.

And even more pressure is not at all able to withstand 10 atmospheres by force only for welded joints and fittings for industrial use, which differ in conical threads. Just as high and low pressure leads to malfunctions and failures in the plumbing system.

Some plumbing equipment starts working at a certain indicator, for example, a jacuzzi will only function at 4 bar. A shower and a washing machine will require a pressure of 1.5 bar.

In view of these features, 4 bars is considered a normal indicator. This border has minimal risks of damage to pipe connections and assemblies, and it is enough for the operation of various plumbing fixtures.

Pressure for autonomous type plumbing system

An autonomous water supply system functions in a completely different way and the standard generally accepted norms are not of particular importance here.

In this water supply system, you can set any pressure indicator, starting from the minimum allowable, at which water flows almost by gravity (1-6 bar). In the case of autonomous water supply, everything is decided by the owner.

The minimum allowable pressure for a country house is 1.5 bar. It allows you to at least turn on two plumbing devices at the same time. The maximum allowable indicator depends on the characteristics of the water source and the performance of pumping equipment.

But most often, residents of country houses are concerned about the problem of low pressure, so many are interested in ways to increase pressure in the plumbing system.

Ways to increase

It is possible to increase the pressure in autonomous water supply in a technical way: using a storage tank or pumping equipment. These methods have their advantages and disadvantages.

Pump equipment

This method is suitable for apartments with a central water supply system and for country cottages, summer cottages with autonomous water supply. Additional pumping equipment is used only if the main device does not meet the necessary requirements.

This is possible with a distant location of the well or insufficient power of the device for supplying water to the second floor. An additional pump is installed at the entrance to the home wiring.

The device must have a water pressure sensor that starts it at a normal rate and turns it off when there is no consumer. The most commonly used vibration pump, which is characterized by low sensitivity to high air content.

Storage tank station

This method works on a completely different principle: pumping equipment pumps water into a storage tank, which operates at a stable pressure of 1.5–2 atmospheres. And this means that the liquid is pumped until the required indicator appears, then the pump is turned off.

The water supply system in this case consumes water under the strict control of the pressure reducer, the parameters of which are set beforehand before operation. The pump in such a system is suitable, both vibrational and centrifugal.

To pressurize the accumulator, an internal or external ejector is used, which creates a vacuum in the pipeline. This method is not used in apartments due to noisy operation and some design features.

The working pressure in the water supply is an important indicator on which the functioning of most devices depends. But there are methods to increase it, which are applicable in urban and rural areas.

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Considering that most cases of organizing water supply in a house or apartment involve the use of plastic pipes, the causes of problems in the system can be either salt deposits or increased water pressure in the water supply system. Both problems can stimulate the failure of the entire structure.

The technical passport, which is necessary when purchasing pipes, must have information on the recommended pressure in the system, which the purchased products are guaranteed to withstand.

Water pressure - features

When performing work on the installation of a water supply system or entrusting this work to professionals, you should make sure that the company is experienced by first knowing the rating of this organization and customer reviews.

An indicator of paramount importance is the value of the working pressure in the pipeline. This parameter depends on several indicators, including the material from which the pipes are made, the type of pipeline.

In a particular section of the system, the pressure may have a deviation from the average. When monitoring the work performed, attention should be paid to the compliance of the working pressure with the requirements.

Planning independent work on the organization of water supply in the house should be accompanied by familiarization with all the requirements for such systems. Properly performed installation will ensure that these conditions are met at the proper level.

Expansion tanks and accumulators

Typically, arrangement suburban area or a private house provides for the presence of other water systems, in addition to water supply.

These include a fire extinguishing system and hot water supply, as well as a sewage filtration system. Possibly and the device of watering of the territory and system of heating.

Water supply, fire extinguishing and filtration systems provide for a hydraulic accumulator. Other systems must be equipped expansion tanks. In addition, a necessary measure is the installation of expansion tanks at the stage of hot water intake from the heating system tank. Such measures will create fluid compensation in the event of a water hammer.

The task of the expansion tank when organizing the supply of hot water is to protect the heater from high pressure. Hydraulic accumulators are used to form a reserve of fluid in the fire safety system.

The water supply of houses, as a rule, provides for the pressure in the tank, which ensures the transport of water for 60m. This lift provides a pressure of 6 bar.

An expansion tank is used to ensure a safe level of pressure in the heating system. This is due to the constant increase in the volume of water with a change in temperature that occurs as a result of its movement through the system. Compensation of this pressure is necessary to prevent destruction or damage to the pipeline.

It is recommended to apply closed tanks only. This type of device will make the system more manageable than with the participation of the tank. open type, allowing the evaporation of the liquid and the operation of the system at low pressure.

In addition, the closed design saves pipes from corrosion. Another advantage of a closed tank is the possibility of its installation in the place where it is convenient for the consumer, and not only in the upper part of the system.

Hydraulic accumulators are necessary to form a reserve of water with the possibility of its launch into the water supply system. By analogy with expansion tanks, they have open and closed forms.

The negative features characteristic of compensation products are valid for hydraulic accumulators. The main function of this unit is to prevent water hammer, which can cause irreparable damage to the system.

Causes of water hammer

power failure of the pump motor associated with emergency situations;

abrupt opening and closing of valves at water intake points.

Such actions lead to a significant increase in the load that is not characteristic of this system, which it may not endure. Places for fluid intake are recommended to be equipped with tanks with a capacity of 0.2 liters.

The membrane cylinder located in the tank is filled with air space. The flow of liquid into the device stimulates a decrease in the volume of air in the balloon and an increase in pressure inside. When the pressure increases, a relay is activated that reacts to a change in the pressure itself and turns off the pump.

Further intake of liquid from the tank stimulates the normalization of pressure and the relay gives a signal to start the pump. A decrease in pressure inside the system, which may occur due to depressurization of the structure, will also cause the compressor to turn off.

Based on an understanding of the principle of operation of a hydraulic accumulator, it is clear that the correct choice of its volume affects the number of operations of the membrane relay, and hence its service life.

For a water supply system with three points of water distribution, a hydraulic accumulator with a volume of 24 liters is acceptable, and a larger number of points suggests a capacity of 50 liters. Sometimes a large number of devices require an individual calculation of the tank capacity.

Pressure in the water supply system

The pressure maintained in the cylinder by membranes is designed to ensure that water is delivered to the highest point of the premises plumbing system.

For example, to raise water to a height of 10 meters, the system must be provided with a pressure of 1 bar. The pump is started by a pressure exceeding the minimum by 0.2 bar. In this example it will be 1.2 bar.

Delivery of water to the highest point of the structure provides for a pressure of 0.5 bar above the minimum. Given the example data, it will be 1.5 bar.

Payment maximum value pressure is a rather laborious process. This indicator depends on the characteristics and parameters of the pump itself, the resistance of the system, and possible changes in the voltage in the network.

Given the complexity of such a calculation, in non-industrial systems, they take the value of the maximum pressure obtained by adding the results of the pressure required to start the pump and the indicator required to deliver water to the highest point in the system. For this example this will be a value equal to the sum of 1.2 bar and 1.5 bar, i.e. 2.7 bar.

Based on the value of the maximum pressure, you need to choose the pump itself. It is recommended that the head of this product be 30% greater than the maximum water head.

The performance of the system elements should be checked at least once a year. First of all, such a check is aimed at detecting leaks.

Having eliminated them, you should check the pressure on the lower accumulator, which should correspond to the minimum value. Pressure deviations in the direction of decrease by more than 10% must be eliminated with a compressor.

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For the smooth functioning of plumbing fixtures, it is necessary that the water pressure in the water supply system correspond to a certain indicator, which is usually calculated individually.

But correct calculations do not guarantee that in practice the water pressure will be optimal. Owners of country houses most often face the problem of low water pressure in pipes. It can be solved by introducing equipment.

We propose to figure out what are the pressure standards in the water supply of a private house and for what reasons the pressure decreases. We will offer effective methods to improve the efficiency of water supply. We added material detailed photos instructions and videos.

Water pressure is measured in bar. The value has an alternative name - atmospheric unit. Under a pressure of 1 bar, water can rise to a height of 10 m.

Residents of private houses are forced to calculate the pressure in the water supply individually. If the system is autonomous, the pressure may exceed the limits allowed by regulatory documents. It can fluctuate around 2.5-7.5 bar, and sometimes reach 10 bar.

Standard values for normal operation systems with an interval of 1.4 - 2.8 bar, corresponding to the factory setting of the pressure switch indicators.

If excessively high pressure is provided in the system, then some sensitive devices may fail or work incorrectly. Therefore, the pressure in the pipeline must not exceed 6.5 bar.

High pressure in the water supply system can cause the pipe to leak, so it is important to pre-calculate the optimal pressure level yourself

Gushing artesian wells are capable of delivering a pressure of 10 bar. Only welded joints can withstand such pressure, while most fittings and shut-off and control units are destroyed under its action, resulting in leaks in the areas.

It is necessary to determine what water pressure is necessary for the normal functioning of the water supply system of a country house, taking into account the household appliances used. Some types of plumbing fixtures do not work at low pressure.

For example, for a jacuzzi, a pressure of 4 bar is required, for a shower, fire extinguishing systems - 1.5 bar, for washing machine- 2 bars. If you provide for the possibility of watering the lawn, then there should be a strong pressure of 4, sometimes - 6 bar.

Household plumbing fixtures connected to the water supply are able to work correctly only from a certain pressure, which is usually at least 1.5 bar

The optimal pressure indicator for a country house is 4 bar. This pressure is enough for the proper operation of all plumbing devices. At the same time, most fittings, shut-off and control valves are able to withstand it.

Not every system can provide a pressure of 4 bar. Typically, for country houses, the pressure in the water supply is 1-1.5 bar, which corresponds to gravity.

Causes of low pressure in water supply

IN country houses water in the water supply network comes from or.

If the system is completely autonomous, then two points must be taken into account to create the desired pressure:

the need to ensure the rise of water;
it is important to make a correct hydraulic calculation and implement it correctly in practice - to ensure the necessary pressure at points remote from the catchment area and at points located at different heights.

Two main problems of individual water pipes follow from this:

Not enough well resources- the flow rate of the hole does not allow maintaining normal pressure, and, consequently, increasing the pressure.
Plenty of water in the well, so the pumps can pump high pressure (up to 6 bar), which can lead to broken connections, leaks, and rapid equipment wear.

In the first case, pumps pump liquid, creating its circulation until a certain pressure arises, but over time it weakens. In the second case, you need to choose a pump with a capacity that is equal to the daily rate of water consumption.

The flow rate of the well directly affects the pressure of water in the pipeline and its volume supplied for one pumping

However, most owners of private houses are concerned about the question of how to competently increase the pressure in their own water supply, and not lower it, because only some artesian wells have the necessary flow rate to create high pressure.

Most of the holes generate little or no water pressure at all.

If standard household appliances are used in the house, then it is enough to raise the pressure to 2.3-2.5 bar - this wave is enough for their uninterrupted simultaneous operation with good pressure. If a jacuzzi or irrigation system is provided, then higher pressure is needed.

A manometer is used to measure pressure. It is bought separately and built in at the point of entry of water into the house. A water meter is also installed there. Some equipment comes with a pressure gauge. For example, a heating boiler, if a FGP is provided.

The principle of pressure regulation of water supply networks of private houses is the same as that of an autonomous system, the network differs only in size

A simple pressure gauge has a scale from 0 to 7, which allows you to install it in an apartment, a private house.

Methods for pressurizing the system

If the pressure in the water supply is low, then the reason may be as follows:

There is water in the pipeline, but there is no pressure.
There is no water in the pipeline on the upper floors.

To solve the first problem, it is necessary to introduce it into the system, to solve the second, install a storage station.

Before implementing technical means into the water supply system, you should first check the network for clogging:

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#1: Introducing a booster pump

If water is present in the pipeline, but there is no pressure, then a pressure pump is installed. Also, the device can be implemented if there is no pressure in an apartment with central heating.

The reason for the lack of pressure may be the following:

the well is located remotely at home;
the power of the base pump is not enough to supply water to the upper floors.

The pump is usually mounted at the entrance to the domestic pipeline network in front of the manifold or the first tee.

There is one drawback of central pumps - they create a vacuum, that is, they can pump air-saturated water. Conventional pressure centrifugal pump sensitive to the air content in the liquid, so you should give preference to vibration modifications.

The water pump is powered by an electric motor. The inner element rotates, thereby increasing the pressure in the pipes. The body of the device is usually made of durable plastic.

To install the device in apartment building it is important to choose a modification of the correct power, otherwise the owner of the “pumped” water supply will lower the pressure in neighboring apartments. It is recommended to put the pump on a pipe leading to a specific household appliance.

In the general case, the pump is cut into a common pipe, which is responsible for supplying water to an apartment or house. The device itself is quite compact and inexpensive.

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#2: The main types of pressure pumps

There are models with a dry and wet rotor (flow-through). The wet rotor pump elements are lubricated by the passing fluid. Devices of this class do not require additional maintenance if they are initially connected correctly.

An electric pump, unlike a vibration one, is installed between the water supply and the water source

A pump with a dry rotor has good power, but it needs regular maintenance, it produces soft sounds during operation, reminiscent of a mosquito squeak. Its parts are protected by a waterproof damper, so you will have to clean the device once a month.

According to the type of operation, pumps are divided into the following types:

manual booster pump and with manual control. The model constantly works, has no automatic switches. The device has a simple design that is understandable to ordinary people; most often the device is used in "warm floor" systems;
automatic pump- starts only when you turn on the tap or household appliances. After they are closed, it turns off.

An automatic pump is more expensive than a manual one, consumes little energy, quickly responds to changes in pressure and is the most popular today.

Choosing a pressure pump is quite simple.

It is important to define the following:

for hot or cold water the device will be installed;
the required level of pressure - the higher the indicator, the greater the pressure in the system.

Accordingly, the higher the pressure, the more power and throughput of the equipment is needed.

It is equally important to choose a pressure pump taking into account the brand, since in the event of a breakdown, not every repair service will undertake to put in order a model produced by an unknown company. The most famous and recognized manufacturers - Grundfos, Wilo, Sprut. Each company specializes in the production of different modifications of the device.

The Wilo PB-401SEA pump is designed to increase the pressure in residential water supply networks. Can be installed in both suction and delivery sections

For example, Grundfos produces circulation pumps of small volume, Wilo develop models with a built-in hydraulic accumulator.

To connect the circulation pressure pump you need:

Turn off the water in the area.
Release water from the pipeline and the system as a whole.
Cut off the part of the pipe in which the installation will be carried out.
Attach fittings and nozzles to the joints.
Insert the equipment into the plumbing.

It is also acceptable to use a polypropylene or rubber hose to simplify installation. In modern circulation pumps these pipes are included.

#3: Pressurizing the storage tank

When pipelines are without water in the house, or if water is present on the lower floor, but does not reach the upper ones, it is necessary to purchase a storage pumping station. It is also introduced into the system when the network pressure is less than 0.2 bar and the flow rate is less than 2 l/m.

Any pumping station works on the same principle. Mount it at the junction point of the external or internal branch of the home pipeline network

The principle of its work is the following. The pump pumps liquid into the station (tank or accumulator), which operates at a pressure of 1.5-2 bar. Water enters until a pressure of 1.5 or 2 bar appears in the tank. If the station is equipped, then the pressure created can be an order of magnitude higher.

After generating the required pressure, the pumping station switches off automatically.

Special pressure sensors are introduced into the design of the storage station. When the pressure drops to 1.5 bar, the main pump turns on, when it rises to a certain level, it turns off.

The system with a pump and a storage tank has many nodes, which makes it difficult to self-assembly. In order for the equipment to work correctly and smoothly, it is better to contact specialists (+)

The pump in the station can be one of two types - or vibration.

According to the type of absorption, there are:

detachable ejector designs– capable of generating a pressure of 5 bar. The ejector is immersed in the well, and the tank itself can be located at home, since it practically does not make noise during operation. The station is mainly used in cases where the water source is located deep, and its disadvantage is sensitivity to mechanical elements - sand, dirt, etc.
equipment with built-in ejector– suitable for shallow (up to 8 meters) wells and wells, works effectively in dirty water, not sensitive to air ingress, but different high level noise, so it is usually installed in special outbuildings.

Models with a storage tank are economical (the start occurs when the tank is empty), but they have many disadvantages: they generate low pressure, have large dimensions, there is a possibility of a rupture, as a result of which the room may flood.

Stations with a storage tank are practically not used today. They were replaced by models with a hydraulic accumulator. They are small in size and do not make noise during operation.

You can install the device in the basement, utility room, separate extension. This minimizes the risk of leaks. But the accumulator has a small capacity reserve (about 25 liters) and is not used for wells with a low flow rate.

Pumping stations are often used in complex, branched and long water pipelines as booster equipment that pumps water from a storage tank to draw-off points

Stations are also divided into surface (when the pump is located on the ground) and submersible (the device is immersed in water), the latter are conditionally divided into well and borehole.

To increase the level of water pressure in the apartment pipeline, pumping stations are not used due to design features and noise during operation.

Despite its impressive cost, the pumping station has a number of undeniable advantages:

it is possible to set any desired pressure in the house, which will allow the use of any plumbing fixtures, including those that require high pressure to function;
the water supply will be uninterrupted even if it is absent in the central line (due to the presence of a storage tank).

The system has disadvantages - it is bulky, takes up a lot of space.

It is important to correctly determine the volume of storage capacity. This value is taken taking into account the average daily rate of water consumption. If the family consists of 3-4 people, then about 500 liters of water will be enough per day.

When calculating, it is also important to take into account that the water needs to be renewed from time to time in order to avoid the appearance of bacteria.

If there is enough water in the tank (or the pressure in the system drops), then the pump automatically starts, which builds up the necessary pressure in the network, and after reaching a certain point it turns off

It is important to clean the storage tank in a timely and regular manner, as pathogenic bacteria accumulate in it. Small bags of technical silver placed inside the tank prevent their reproduction.

As you can see, it is not difficult to raise the pressure in the water supply. To solve the problem, a pressure pump or a special pumping station is used. If it is possible to carry out the installation of the pump on your own, then the installation of the station should be entrusted to professionals.

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