Which submersible pump for a well is better: criteria and recommendations on how to choose the right submersible pump. Submersible water pumps: varieties, characteristics and selection criteria

Water supply and country house equip with the help of wells or boreholes. A submersible pump for a well must meet certain requirements. Depending on the depth of lifting, the required performance and pressure, a centrifugal or membrane (vibration) apparatus is selected. Which mechanism to apply in a particular case depends on the quality of the water and the financial capabilities of the owner. Of all the models, submersible pumps for a well are considered the best.

How to calculate and choose the right device

System creation autonomous water supply using a well, they start with measurements:

1. The depth of the well is determined by lowering the load on the cord to the bottom, it is checked against the passport data.
2. The static level is determined by lowering the weight to the surface of the mirror after prolonged filling. In the morning or after a long absence of buildup, the maximum filling of the chamber is determined.
3. The difference in levels will give the depth of the water layer.
4. Debit - filling the chamber per unit of time. This value determines the performance of the pump, the possibility of long swinging without draining the submersible pump.

In addition, you will need to know at what distance or height the water will be supplied to determine the pressure. The continued use of the lifted agent is important. The presence of an accumulation tank will make it possible to turn on the submersible pump for the well less often. During start-up, the equipment experiences increased loads. Need to know chemical composition and the content of suspended matter in the water.

Advantages and disadvantages of submersible pumps

The main difference between a well and a water well is in the depth of the water horizon and the size of the pipe vent. Wells are built with a larger chamber, and the diameter of the pump does not limit the choice. But in the well there may be a lower flow rate of water, the productivity of the apparatus is limited.

The water level in the well varies with the seasons. In order not to drag sand into the pump at a level of 15 cm to the bottom, you need to install a metal baffle shield along the cross section of the well, leaving a gap along the contour. Under the sheet, the grains of sand will not rise, and the water will always be clean.

Surface or submersible pumps for wells, which is better - is decided in specific conditions. Most often choose a submersible:

• the equipment is under water, does not require filling, ready to work at any time;
• the engine is water-cooled, does not overheat even during prolonged operation;
• the possibility of installing filters on the suction pipe protects the working mechanism from clogging;
• the use of automation provides water supply as needed without human intervention;
• dry running locks will ensure the safety of the equipment.

The more modern the device, the more automation circuit and protective interlocks in it, the more expensive it is. Everything for wells is more expensive than surface ones. This is justified, their service life is longer, reliability is higher, and a special room is not required for operation at zero temperature. However, the sealed housing cannot be repaired at home, and regular replacement of filters in the suction pipe is required.

For the manufacture of the pump housing, materials are used that are not destroyed by corrosion. High-quality plastic works in water no worse than stainless steel.

It is important to choose a submersible pump for a well with automation in order to minimize work control. In this case, the device can be built into the water supply and heating circuit. The automation system will give a signal to turn on the make-up when the level or pressure in the system drops.

When installing the pump, it is important to know the flow of water into the receiving chamber of the well. It is dangerous to choose a level below the immersion of the pump, the device must always be under the bay, lowered at least 30 cm deep. Therefore, the best submersible pump for a well is the one that provides the required flow, pressure and is always under the bay.

Choose a circulation or vibration pump, depending on the nature of the work. Usually, a submersible pump is chosen for giving, based on operating conditions. An inexpensive membrane apparatus operates periodically and only in summer. The operation of the unit is accompanied by noise, vibrations in contact with the walls of the mine can contribute to destruction. A layer of silt forms at the bottom of the well. If the price of a submersible pump for a well is not main criterion- It is better to choose a circulation pump.

An incorrectly selected pump can lead to the appearance of a quicksand, raising the bottom, lowering the mirror. Depressurization leads to the appearance of an oil film. The consequences are difficult to remove and at high material costs.

Choosing the Best Submersible Pump

The DAB Divertron 1000 pump works according to the “set it and forget it” principle. One device replaces the storage tank, it is sold with built-in automation. The pump delivers water 45 meters horizontally, the productivity is 0.6-5.7 m 3 /hour. When the faucet is opened, the pressure is regulated. The device pumps water with sand, can drain the pit, if necessary. The cost of the device is about 20 thousand rubles.

Turn on the equipment only through a voltage stabilizer!

The Grundfos 3-45 A pump also belongs to the premium class. With its help, they organize the water supply of a country house. The pump works in automatic mode, to raise water to the second floor, a tank battery is required.

The PROF 55/35 A water cannon costs half the price of famous brands, but its functionality is good. The pump can only be used to lift liquid. The water supply scheme is decided circulation pump. Dry running mode is excluded, a float switch is used.

Submersible pump for giving Aquarius-3 is the best solution. Low performance is offset by low cost - only 2 thousand. The submersible pump works for 2 hours, then it requires a rest of 15 minutes. To fill the tank for watering plants is used more often than other devices. Its advantage is ultra-high reliability. Works without repair up to 8 years.

Article in the topic: - the rules of choice!

Video review of the pump for the well SPRUT SCM6

Submersible pumps differ from non-submersible ones in the absence of noise and vibration, as well as greater productivity.

This option is faster, quieter and in large volumes will be able to supply you with water from a well of any depth.

The main types of submersible pumps: which is better?

Consider what types of submersible pumps are, how they differ and which option is better to purchase in a particular case.

These pumps are easy to use and maintain and have a long service life.

Principle of operation. Roughly speaking, the device works like our lungs, in which, at the moment of inhalation, negative pressure is formed, as a result of which we draw air into ourselves. In the unit, this role is played by the magnetic field and the core on which it acts. The core fires a rubber diaphragm that flexes to create negative pressure inside the device. After that, the liquid begins to flow freely into the pump, which transfers it through pipes to the surface. To ensure a regular current, special springs are installed inside, which return the diaphragm to its original place.

Pros:

• low price;
• durability;
• low maintenance cost.

Minuses:

• dependence of the water flow on the voltage in the network (even minimal drops lead to a significant decrease in work efficiency);
• raises silt from the bottom as a result of vibrations;
• cannot be used for narrow wells.

Important! The maximum diving depth is 50 m.

A device that can work even with heavily polluted water.

Principle of operation. Inside the device is a large spiral-shaped screw that surrounds the female thread. After starting, the screw begins to rotate like a drill on a drill or puncher. As a result of the movement, the water begins to rise in a spiral upward, after which it is fed into the pipe.

Pros:

• fine dirt cannot block the operation of the pump;
• the rotating element has increased strength;
• water pressure is independent of propeller speed.

Minuses:

• large dimensions of the device;
• low efficiency (65%);
• performance depends on the length of the screw, therefore, in order to significantly increase the incoming volumes of water, it is necessary to change the device.

The simplest in terms of implementation and the most productive version of the unit. Centrifugal pumps are installed not only to supply water, but also to create direct current in heating systems.

Principle of operation. An engine is installed inside the device, to which the blades are directly connected. After starting, the blades begin to move, as a result of which a slight pressure is created, which leads to the suction of the hearth. After that, the water moves due to centrifugal force, flowing upwards. To obtain optimal power, several propellers with blades are installed that accelerate the flow of water.

Pros:

• high efficiency index (more than 85%);
• can pump water even from artesian wells;
• have small dimensions.

Minuses:

• dependence on direct voltage in the network;
• efficiency depends on the water level.

A kind of centrifugal pump that has its own strengths.

Principle of operation. The working element is a wheel on which there are many small blades. The wheel is connected to the engine and placed in a cylindrical flask. In this case, the gap between the walls and the wheel is minimal. The bottom line is that even with small volumes of water entering through the device, a sufficiently large pressure is created that allows water to be brought to a great height.

Pros:

• high efficiency;
• the presence of a strong pressure, regardless of the volume of water;
• small dimensions;
• the ability to work at ultra-great depths.

Minuses:

• any debris quickly disables the unit;
• the variety is not very popular, so in some regions it is quite problematic to acquire it.

What to look for when choosing a pump: technical specifications

Consider the main specifications to consider when choosing a device.

Above, we mentioned that some types of pumps begin to break down due to contaminated water. In this case, we are not talking about the fact that the device draws in silt and sand from the bottom, but about how many suspensions are in the water column.

If you are sure that the water in your well will be clean enough throughout the year, then centrifugal or vortex variations should be preferred. However, if the liquid has a lot of suspension, then it is better to purchase a screw submersible version.

Separately, it should be said about vibration pumps. They are not the most the best choice even for clean water, because as a result of the work they create vibration, due to which the bottom is silted.

Their installation is advisable only if the walls and bottom of the well are lined with masonry, which does not allow small particles to crumble to the bottom.

Did you know? The first pump was invented in Greece in the II-I century BC. e .. It had two cylinders, was equipped with valves and a lever for manual control. This unit was used to put out fires, earning it the name "Alexandria Fire Pump".

Power consumption

The amount of supplied water per hour directly depends on the power consumption - the greater the power, the more cubic meters. However, it is worth remembering that each type of device has its own efficiency, so a centrifugal pump will take less energy during operation, and a screw pump will take more, although their power will be the same.

It is worth paying attention to such a feature, otherwise you will get a unit that will consume a lot of energy, but its productivity may not satisfy your needs.

Remember that the fewer moving parts inside the device, the less electricity it will consume. For example, a vibration pump is the most economical, since nothing rotates inside it at all, but only a magnetic field is created that acts on the core.

And inside screw version there is a large iron screw, the rotation of which takes an enormous amount of electricity.

Max head

In fact, we are talking about how high or how far the unit can supply water.

Each type has its own optimal and maximum pressure, that is, the distance over which the unit will supply water at normal speed.

The pressure depends not only on the power of the device, but also on the depth of immersion, as well as on the remoteness of the well from the house, so it is important to take into account all the variables in order to select the right pump for power and pressure.

If you need to get maximum pressure, since the well is deep or far from home, then you should give preference to the vortex option, which will provide maximum pressure.

If the well is shallow or located in close proximity to the house and water consumption points, then vibration or centrifugal variations are used.

The maximum and optimal pressure of the device is always indicated in its description. It should be understood that we are talking not only about the depth of the well, but about the distance from the pump to the points of water consumption.

It also takes into account the error in the form of pressure loss as a result of water movement, the water level in the well, the diameter and material of the pipe, the number of storeys of the building, the footage of pipes that are in a vertical and horizontal position.

Bandwidth

In other words, this is the power of the device, the amount of liquid that it can pump per unit of time.

When choosing a pump, the question arises of how much water is consumed per hour or day. It is difficult to calculate this indicator, so you have to calculate the average value, and then add the error.

Average consumption main water supply points:

• kitchen - up to 500 l/h;
• wash basin - up to 60 l/h;
• shower room - up to 500 l/h;
• toilet tank - up to 50 l/h;
• bath or sauna - up to 1 thousand l / h;
• watering the garden / garden - 4 cubic meters of water per 1 square.

You can also start from the average water consumption per day per person, which is 200 liters.

Important! Do not forget about the various appliances that consume water. They should also be taken into account during calculations.

It turns out that for a small apartment or a house in which one family of 3 lives, a pump is enough, which will produce about 3-4 cubic meters of water during peak hours.

Immersion depth

The immersion depth is directly related to the water pressure, so these two indicators must be taken into account simultaneously. It is also worth remembering that for deep wells only vortex or centrifugal variations are used, which are designed for such purposes.

Most of the indicators of a submersible pump are interconnected, so you should not buy a unit with a large margin, otherwise it will affect the price.

For example, if the device is designed for deep wells or wells, then it will have a lot of power and consume a huge amount of energy, and will also require a voltage of 380 volts.

This option will be able to raise water from a depth of more than 300 m, as well as provide good pressure, but the price will be in the tens of thousands. For this reason, you should not take a pump with a margin of immersion depth. You are unlikely to deepen your well, and the regular cost of electricity for the operation of the unit will result in a considerable amount.

Also consider that the pump must be located at a height of at least 150 cm from the bottom. As for deep wells, the unit must not be lowered to a depth of more than 10 m from the surface of the water.

Hydraulic tank volume

The second name is a hydraulic accumulator, or an expansion tank. It is necessary to maintain optimal pressure in the water supply system.

It also protects against water hammer, provides a small amount of water when the pump is turned off for one reason or another, and also prevents the device from constantly turning on when a minimum amount of water is required.

Minimum Volume expansion tank about 25 liters. Such tanks are used for low-power pumps, as well as for small daily water consumption. The greater the need and power of the device, the greater the volume of the hydraulic tank.

The best option for providing a small living space in which one family lives is a tank of 30-50 liters.

Many people are concerned about the question of why it is impossible to buy too large tanks. The fact is that if water stays in the tank for a long time and is not used, then its quality begins to deteriorate. The same thing happens with water in closed barrels when oxygen is cut off.

If you want to have a large reservoir of water in case of an unexpected long power outage, then you can buy at your discretion, but if there are no power outages, discard the large volumes of the hydroaccumulator.

If you cannot figure out how much tank you need, then it is better to consult with the seller. Based on information about a particular unit, a specialist will be able to calculate the optimal volume of a hydraulic accumulator using the formula.

Remember that the volume of the tank only affects how much liquid you have and how often the pump is turned on. This element can be called a built-in barrel, in which there is always water, while it is impossible to refuse a hydraulic accumulator under any circumstances.

Did you know? In 1911, a pump was created in Great Britain that pushed water out due to the pressure of gases released during the combustion of liquid fuel. At the same time, the idea of ​​​​such a design was put forward at the beginning of the 18th century.

Additional functions

Expensive submersible units are equipped with various sensors that guarantee protection in unforeseen situations. This filling of the device allows you to forget about regular checks of work, as well as use the pump in remote areas.

However, cheaper devices cannot boast of having such functions, so it is important to know how much protection should be provided to the pump.

dry running. This is the operation of the pump with insufficient water level or in its absence. Such work can disable the unit in a few hours. The reason is the overheating of the device, as well as the friction of the moving part. Water entering through the pump performs two functions at once: it cools and reduces friction, therefore, in its absence, powerful pumps can burn out.

To prevent dry running, special protection is installed on the pump, which can cost as much as the pump itself. Such protection is necessary if for some reason you cannot regularly check the water level or its consumption is made on the machine ( automatic watering site).

As a result, there are two options: buying a more expensive unit with an integrated system or buying protection separately.

Dry running protection can be equipped with special sensors or an ordinary pear, the likeness of which is in the toilet bowl. The second option is cheaper, but the first one allows you to better control the water level by turning off the device in advance.

Overheat. Occurs either due to dry running, or due to interruptions in the power supply network. In the second case, protection against dry running will not correct the situation, as a result of which the device will fail. For this reason, many pumps have protection against power surges and overheating.

Such protection will either normalize the current or turn off the device.

You are unlikely to be able to buy overheating protection separately, so if this function is important to you, then you should initially choose a more multifunctional pump.

If this is not possible, then take care of the voltage regulator that is supplied to the pump so that the device does not suffer.

Submersible pump for a well: choose a manufacturer

Consider the main domestic and foreign manufacturers of submersible pumps. Let's talk about the differences in price and quality.

Foreign

« DAB". Country - Italy.

These are advanced smart pumps with many useful features, which ensure remote uninterrupted operation of the device. It differs from analogues in durability, quiet operation, and also does not require a hydraulic tank. A fairly powerful device that has a good rating.

". Country - Poland.

The units of this company do not differ in special functions, however, they have a good, corrosion-resistant body, which is made of brass and stainless steel. The pumps have good performance and are also easy to maintain.

". Country - Denmark.

Very high quality product that lasts a long time. The units are easy to use, so there will be no problems during cleaning or replacing parts. With all this, the price of pumps is considerable, which should be taken into account.

Domestic

The product has the best price-performance ratio, which is why it has gained high popularity. The devices are equipped with the necessary sensors, which allows them to be used in remote areas. Installation is not difficult, the pumps operate almost silently, so they can be compared in quality with foreign devices.

Important! The pumps do not have a check valve.

«»

The products of this company are distinguished by the lowest price and, therefore, high popularity. It can be purchased almost anywhere in the country. The pumps do not have modern fullness and do not have a low noise level, but they are easy to maintain, and in the event of a breakdown, repairs will be very cheap.

A fairly inexpensive product of good quality, which is used to raise water from a considerable depth. The pumps work even in muddy water without regular cleaning. The price is fully consistent with the quality.

Submersible pumps help provide a continuous supply of water to your home or yard without overheating or making as much noise as non-submersible pumps. At correct selection pump you will not have problems during operation.

Water supply is an important component of comfort. IN country house or at suburban area different sources of water can be used. One of the oldest ways to get moisture is to build a well. This design is easy to implement and does not require special care. But in order to facilitate your work in delivering water from underground layers to the surface, it is advisable to install a pump. This unit will ensure the smooth operation of the plumbing system. But which submersible pump is best for wells? This will be discussed in this article.

What is the difference between a well pump and a well pump?

For water supply of a private house, when it is necessary to raise water from a depth, can be used different types pumps. Arriving at the store, you can choose a submersible or deep, semi-submersible or surface type of unit. But the first option is the most popular. Such designs are easy to use and quite reliable.

But, in addition to the above, the seller will definitely ask - what kind of submersible pump, borehole or well, do you need? In principle, there are no big differences between these two varieties. Downhole and well submersible pumps can differ only in two parameters. Namely:

• According to its dimensions;
• Engine cooling efficiency.

Most submersible well pumps equipped with a cooling jacket. As a result, such design feature their diameter increases markedly. Devices designed for wells are cooled by pumped water. That is why there are certain minimum values ​​for the velocity of fluid flow through them.

Also, downhole units, according to manufacturers, should not work in a pipe whose diameter is too much larger than the cross section of the device itself. But most users do not trust the opinion of companies. Therefore, a downhole submersible pump is considered quite suitable for use in a well. The only thing that can stop you is the price. As a rule, borehole pumps are slightly more expensive than well devices of similar performance.

Varieties of submersible pumps for wells

For an autonomous water supply system whose water source is a well, you can use different types submersible pumps. When you come to the store, you can buy:

• Centrifugal pumps;
• Vibrating units;
• Vortex equipment;
• Screw devices.

The last two are extremely rare, so it makes no sense to consider them. Another device matter centrifugal and vibration type. It is they who can most often be found in summer cottages and in country houses.

The most popular for water supply among owners of private houses are centrifugal submersible pumps. In them, the movement of water occurs due to the centrifugal force, which is created due to the rotation of the impeller. Centrifugal submersible pumps are characterized by high performance. But for "good work" it is necessary and worthy to pay, so such devices are expensive.

A vibratory or vacuum pump works on a different principle. In them, suction occurs by creating a vacuum in the working chamber. The decrease in pressure occurs due to the movement of the armature, which rises and falls due to the inclusion and deactivation of the electromagnet. There are a lot of such movements, so the water flows quite quickly.

But still, the performance of vibration pumps is lower than that of their centrifugal counterparts. In addition, permanent armature movements cause vibration, which is transferred to the pipes. As a result, the well is gradually loosened. The advantage of such a device is its low price and long service life.

What to look for when choosing?

A submersible well pump is an important part of your autonomous plumbing system, so its choice must be made carefully. And what should you pay attention to first of all? Here are some advice from experts:

It is also worth noting that it is better to purchase devices from trusted manufacturers. So you reduce the risk of running into a defective pump.

But besides the submersible pump itself, you should take care of buying some additional equipment. First, it is desirable install a hydroaccumulator in the house. Such a device will be able to collect water, as a result, your pump will turn on less often. The accumulator must be equipped with a special relay, which will control the activation of the pump. Secondly, be sure to install a check valve in the outlet hose. Such a device will protect you from water hammer.

Of course, each unit for wells must be equipped with a filter. Such devices are designed for pumping clean water. Therefore, both the unit itself and the filter must be periodically cleaned of deposits.

Pay attention to the power cable. He must be sufficient length. It is not advisable to connect multiple cables. It is always damp in the well, and it is quite difficult to make a sufficiently reliable insulation of the junction. As a result, there is a high risk of a short circuit, which can easily disable the submersible device.

Some popular brands

Finding a suitable and reliable submersible pump for your well is no problem today. Modern manufacturers offer a large selection of devices that differ both in their performance and price.

Among the most popular models submersible pumps include:

There are many other models from different manufacturers. Their cost, depending on the power, may vary from 7-8 to 35 and more thousand rubles.

As a conclusion

Provision of a country house drinking water- This is one of the first tasks of the owner. A well can be used as a source of water. This simple and reliable construction perfectly copes with its task. But for uninterrupted water supply, it is necessary to use pumps, and submersible devices are the most best option. You can choose different types and models of such units, but in any case they will work uninterrupted and long.

To equip a full-fledged water supply system in a country house or in a country house, it is not enough just to dig a well with good water, it is also necessary to organize the delivery of this water to the house or to other water points. If the depth of the well exceeds 8 - 10 m, and the well itself is located at a distance from the house, a submersible pump for the well is used to supply water. Such units can supply water to a height of up to 60 - 90 m under pressure, spending much less energy than surface pumps. Also indisputable advantage submersible pumps for wells is the relative silence of their operation, you can only hear how the relay clicks. During winter operation, the pump submerged in water is protected from freezing, at any time of the year it works more stably and smoothly. The most important thing when operating a submersible pump is to choose the right model for your needs and correctly install the pump in the well, firmly fixing it in a suspended state, and also observe some nuances.

Choosing a submersible pump for a well

The main difference between a submersible pump and a surface pump is that the submersible one works completely immersed in water, which cools the engine and the body of the unit. When the water level in the well drops to critical point, the pump is switched off to avoid the so-called "dry running" and not to overheat. For operation in wells, both well pumps and borehole pumps can be used. They are arranged almost the same and differ only in shape, size and price. The submersible price for a pump for a well is slightly lower than for a borehole pump. This is mainly due to the fact that the well pump has an elongated cylindrical shape and a small diameter so that it can be immersed in a narrow well. But for a well, this is rather a disadvantage. To install a submersible pump, there is a rule that the water level above the pump and below must be at least 1 m. If you use a borehole pump 90 cm long and the well is shallow, then it is almost impossible to comply with this requirement. In any case, if you install the pump in a vertical position. But, despite this, well pumps are used in wells even more often than well pumps, simply by choosing the right sizes.

In total, there are several types of pumps that can be used in wells, these are centrifugal pumps, vortex, screw and vibration. They differ in the principle of operation.

The main difference between vibration pumps is that they do not have rotating parts and elements. Inside the pump housing there is a core with a winding. As soon as current is applied to the core, an electromagnetic field is formed around it. This field attracts the rod attached to the piston. At this time, water is sucked into the intake chamber, as a vacuum is created in it. After a fraction of a second, the electromagnetic field disappears, the rod returns to its original place. At this moment, the check valve at the inlet to the pump closes and, under the action of the pressure of the piston, water from the inlet chamber is pushed into the chamber behind the piston. The next time the rod with the piston is attracted to the core, the water from the chamber behind the piston will push into the pipeline leading to the consumer.

All movements of the rod, in fact, are vibrations, from which the name of the pumps comes from - vibration. These vibrations are not capable of harming the well, since there are no parts in it that can collapse. But if the well is built on quicksand, then the use of vibration pumps is not recommended, as they negatively affect fragile soils. Also, if the pump is not located too far from the bottom of the well, then it is likely that with its vibrations it will lift fine dusty sand particles from the bottom and suck them in. As a result, dirty water will flow from the tap. In other cases, vibration pumps can be safely installed in wells.

Vibration pumps are a cheap category, which is why summer residents often choose them for temporary use. It produces a vibration submersible pump for a well in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and China. The most common models are "Baby", "Brook", "Brook-1", "Harvest", "Aquarius", "Summer resident" and others. The average price of such pumps is $50.

Vibratory pumps are considered reliable as they have no parts that can overheat from friction, no rotating parts, and no bearings that need to be lubricated. However, a more solid choice would be a centrifugal well pump.

Centrifugal pumps have a fundamentally different structure and work differently. Inside the pump housing there is an impeller, on which the blades are fixed, which are bent against the movement of the impeller. Also inside there is a motor that drives the impeller with a shaft. As a result of the rotation of the impeller, a centrifugal force arises, which sucks water into the pump and pushes it to the outlet of the pump into the pipeline. In the middle of the impeller, a reduced pressure is formed, and closer to the walls of the blades - on the periphery - on the contrary, an increased pressure is formed. Under the influence of this pressure difference, water is pumped first to the center, and then goes up to the pipeline.

The centrifugal submersible pump must only be operated completely submerged in water. "Dry run" must not be allowed. Also, immersion in water is its thermal protection not only from “dry running”, but also from an accidental power surge or other emergency. Therefore, centrifugal submersible pumps are equipped with special automation or floats that signal a drop in water level to a critical level.

The housing of submersible centrifugal pumps can be made of plastic or stainless steel. More expensive and durable models are stainless steel pumps. They are not afraid of abrasive particles, sand and have excellent performance characteristics. Also, the advantage of such pumps is the ability to pump water with a sand content of up to 185 g/m3.

The price range for centrifugal submersible pumps is quite large: from $80 up to 700 USD depending on quality and manufacturer. It produces submersible pumps for wells in Italy, Germany, Denmark, China, Russia and Ukraine. The most expensive and reliable pumps are Italian Pedrollo And ZDS, Germanic Wilo and Danish Grundfos. Budget, but high-quality units are produced by domestic Water cannon. But whether or not to buy a Chinese-made pump is up to you. Perhaps it makes sense to buy a domestic pump, it will be no less reliable.

What performance submersible pump to choose

The required performance of the pump depends entirely on the flow of water in the water supply. It should equal or be slightly more than the needs of residents in the water. You can determine the required water flow by summing the flow from different consumers, for example, a washbasin, a kitchen sink, a shower and washing machine. First you need to make a list of all plumbing fixtures that will be used, then look in table 1 for the value of water flow through them and sum them up.

The next step is to determine the actual flow rate per unit of time. After all, the inclusion of all plumbing fixtures at the same time is unlikely. Therefore, the real consumption will be less, it can be seen in table 2. Sometimes, instead of tables, the real consumption is determined by multiplying the consumption of all consumers by 0.6 - 0.8. This means that 60 - 80% of plumbing fixtures will work at the same time. But this method is not entirely correct, especially when it comes to the water supply of a large mansion, where there may be many plumbing fixtures, but few residents.

In the tables, the data are indicated in l / h, and in the characteristics of the pump, most often in m3 / h, so the resulting value must be multiplied by 3.6.

Pump performance calculation example:

If there are such plumbing fixtures in the house:

• Electric water heater - 0.1 l/s;
• Shower with mixer - 0.09 l/s;
• Watering tap - 0.3 l / s;
• Sink in the kitchen - 0.15 l / s;
• Wash basin - 0.09 l/s;
• Toilet - 0.1 l / s.

Let's summarize consumers' expenses: 0.1+0.09+0.3+0.15+0.09+0.1=0.83 l/s.

The value of 0.83 l / s corresponds to the value of 0.48 l / s according to table 2. We translate the value into m3 / h: 0.48 * 3.6 \u003d 1.73 m3 / h. If the pump capacity is indicated in l / h, then 0.48 * 3600 \u003d 1728 l / h ≈ 1700 l / h.

Among the entire range of submersible pumps for wells, suitable models can be distinguished Pedrollo 4SR 2m/7 productivity 2 m3/h, 63 Aquarius NVP-0.32-63U with a capacity of 1.8 m3 / h and a Chinese unit 80 Aquatica 96 (80 m)- 2 m3/h. It is possible to more accurately determine the model of a suitable pump only after head calculations.

Determining the head of a submersible pump

The required pressure of a submersible pump depends on the depth of the well, the water surface and the distance of the well from the house. To calculate the pressure, use the formula:

Htr- the required pressure of the submersible pump for the well;

Hgeo- height difference between the depth of the well and the highest point in the water supply system;

Hloss- the sum of all pressure losses in the pipeline from the friction of water on the material of the water supply system, in swivel joints and tees. This indicator calculated individually for each project, which takes into account the number of tees, corner elements in the pipeline, pipe material. We will not bother too much and just add 25% to the calculations for losses.

Hfree- free pressure required for comfortable use of plumbing. So that when you open the tap there is a normal pressure, and not a thin stream. This indicator is usually taken 12 - 20 m, the minimum allowable value is 5 m.

An example of calculating the head of a submersible pump:

If the water supply in the house is arranged in this way:

• Well depth - 10 m;
• The height of the water in the well is 3 m from the top;
• Pump immersion depth - 8.5 m;
• The well is located at a distance from the house - 10 m;
• The house is two-storey, water supply to the second floor is 5 m.

Total, Hgeo=8.5+5=13.5 m.

We calculate the loss in a horizontal pipeline as follows: for every 10 m of a horizontal pipeline, 1 m of pressure is lost and we add 20%, i.e. head loss will be equal to:

Hloss=1+2=3 m.

Let's take 20 m.

Total Htr=13.5+3+20=36.5 m.

Conclusion: we need a submersible pump with a capacity equal to or greater than 1728 l / h and a head of 36 - 40 m. The following pumps correspond to these characteristics: 63 Aquarius NVP-0.32-63U,25 Sprut 90QJD 109-0.37, 80 Aquatica 96, 45 Pedrollo 4SR 2m/7 and many others. Almost all submersible pumps have a head of more than 40 m. As the reviews show on submersible pumps for wells, it is best to use Italian Pedrollo pumps, they have the smallest percentage of breakdowns.

Pump dimensions and other amenities

When choosing a submersible pump for a well, pay attention to its dimensions. As a rule, the diameter of the pump does not matter, but the length significantly affects the safety of operation. For example, if our well has the same characteristics as described in the example above - a depth of 10 m, and water starts already from 3 m from the top, then any pumps can be used in it, including long borehole submersible pumps 90 cm long and more. After all, both above and below the pump there will be a sufficient layer of water. If there is not much water in the well, for example, only 1.5 m from the bottom to the top of the water, then long pumps cannot be used. In such cases, attention must be paid to submersible well pumps.

Compared to well pumps, submersible well pumps have better cooling and are less sensitive to sand and other solids. In addition, they are equipped with float switches that protect the unit from "dry running".

In submersible pumps for a well, the water intake hole is located at the bottom, there is also a filter that protects against large solid particles entering inside. But there are also models with a pipe that sucks water from the surface layer of water, a floating filter is installed on it, which is supported by a float. This is the most convenient pump option for a well with a small amount of water. Also, a similar intake method prevents the situation when sand is sucked from the bottom of the well.

After buying a submersible pump for a well, the question arises of how to install it in a well and how to conduct plumbing. In fact, these tasks are not so difficult, although there are some nuances that must be observed. It is better to install the pump together or even three together, a well is such a thing, you never know, and there will always be a safety net.

Excavation

First of all, even before the pump is directly installed in the well, it is necessary to stretch the water supply leading from the well to the house. To do this, we dig a trench from the house to the well. It is desirable that the trench does not have turns and bends, but is flat, this will ensure minimal pressure loss. The depth of the trench should be below the freezing level of the soil, i.e. approximately 1 - 1.5 m.

So, we dig a trench 1.5 m deep and 40 - 50 cm wide. There should be no sharp stones, glass and construction debris at the bottom of the trench. We carry out a sand pillow - we fill the bottom of the trench with sand with a layer of 15 - 20 cm. Next, you need to spread the geotextile in which the water pipe will be wrapped. Now you can start laying pipes.

Laying of water pipes

For street water supply, several types of pipes can be used - steel pipes, metal-plastic, stainless, polypropylene and ordinary garden hoses. The latter are suitable only for temporary water supply, which will be used to water the garden or garden in the spring and summer season. Steel pipes are susceptible to corrosion and there is a lot of trouble with them, therefore, they are used for stationary water supply polypropylene pipes, stainless or metal-plastic.

• We connect the pipe segments to each other in length from the house to the well.
• Then we wrap them with heat-insulating material and put them into a pipe of a larger diameter. Usually use either asbestos pipe or plastic sewer pipe. In fact, the “sandwich” pipe-in-pipe system serves as a protection against mechanical influences and protects thermal insulation material from destruction.

• We lay the resulting sandwich pipe in a trench and mark the places for inserting the water pipe into the well and into the wall of the house. Next, you can temporarily remove the pipe to make holes in the wall of the well and the wall of the house or foundation.
• A hole with a diameter of 15 cm is cut out in the wall of the well. Inside, we insert a sleeve with a length of at least 0.5 m, cover the hole around the sleeve cement-sand mortar, and after drying, we waterproof with bituminous mastic.
• Again we lay the pipe in the trench and draw its end through the sleeve. The water pipe must extend into the well at least 25 cm.

• At the end of the water pipe, we install a drain valve with a tee. A drain valve will come in handy in case of emergency draining of water from the water supply system. Turning the pipe down leads it to the pump installation site.

• Next, you need to calculate the distance from the drain tap to the installation site of the submersible pump and cut off a segment of the water pipe of this length.

We proceed to the installation of a submersible pump.

The submersible pump is suspended in the well with a cable. Since the end of the cable must be fixed to something, we first make a mounting frame. The easiest way is to weld a square frame from a 50x50 mm steel corner, which will be installed on the head of the well. A hole is made in one of the corners through which the end of the cable will be pulled and then fixed.

• We lay the pump at the end of the pipe section, which will connect the pump to the tee leading to the pipeline.
• We unwind the electrical cable connecting the pump to the network and lay it next to the pipe.
• Then we install a check valve on the pump outlet, if it is not installed at the factory. In this case, we use packing sanitary ware.
• We attach a plastic or brass coupling to the check valve.

• We attach the pipe to the coupling.
• Next, the electrical cable must be attached to water pipe so that he does not hang out in the well. To do this, it can be tied to the pipe with electrical tape in increments of 0.5 m or plastic clamps can be used. It is necessary to wind the electrical cable with a slight sag.
• To suspend the pump in the well, you can use a steel cable, galvanized cable or nylon cable. It is pointless to use steel - it will quickly rust. Therefore, there are only two options - galvanized and kapron. You can take any. We thread the safety cable into the lugs on the head of the pump and fix it.
• Having laid it all out in a straight line: a pipe, an electric cable and a safety cable, we begin to slowly lower the pump into the well. This will require at least two people. Carefully lower the pump into the well, holding it by the safety cable. Lifting the pump by the power cable is prohibited.

• When the pump descends to the required depth, it is necessary to fasten the second end of the safety cable to our frame. To do this, the end is threaded through the hole and fixed.

• Now you need to connect the vertical pipe with a tee. To do this, someone must go down into the well and connect them with an American with tow and sanitary paste.
• The electrical cable is brought out through the top or also led into the trench if it is planned to lead it into the house in this way.

After installing the pump in the well, you can start laying the pipeline through the foundation and leading it to the installation site of the plumbing equipment - a hydraulic accumulator, filters and a boiler. When all the pipes are installed, the pipeline in the trench is wrapped in geotextile, covered with sand with a layer of 10 cm, and then covered with soil.

To automate the operation of a submersible pump and make it more comfortable, an automation relay (pressure switch) and a hydraulic accumulator are used.

The accumulator is a membrane tank, which is partly filled with water and partly with air. When the water tank fills up, the air pressure increases; when there is less water, the air pressure drops. In fact, the accumulator is a transshipment point for water between the well and consumers. To prevent the pump from turning on every time the tap of the plumbing fixture opens, a hydraulic accumulator is used. Its capacity is enough for several hours of use.

When the air pressure in the accumulator drops to a critical level, the pressure switch is activated and turns on the pump, which immediately fills the accumulator with water. As soon as the container is full, the pressure switch will give a signal to turn off the pump.

The pressure switch and the accumulator are installed indoors. The relay is installed horizontally from above so that condensate does not flow inside. The electrical cables leading to the relay are protected by a corrugation. The pressure switch is connected through an RCD with a leakage current of 10 mA and a 6 A cut-off switch.

Installing a submersible pump in a well is associated with only one difficulty - the fact that it is necessary to go down into the well to the level of the sleeve in order to connect the pipes. But this can be avoided if a flexible hose or pipe is used for the pipeline. Then all the work can be done from above without going down. Also note that if you do not have the opportunity to conduct water supply below the freezing level of the soil, then you can not bury the pipes, but wrap them with a heating cable so that they do not freeze.

A submersible pump is a device for pumping water, which is placed directly in the aquatic environment. This equipment is used in wells and wells for organizing water supply at home, as well as in autonomous sewage systems for pumping liquid domestic waste. By purchasing similar device, it is important to understand its principle of operation and features of operation. After all, the correct use of a submersible pump significantly extends the life of the device and reduces the likelihood of unscheduled repairs.

Submersible pumping equipment is classified according to the principle of operation (centrifugal and vibration) and by scope.

The design of centrifugal pumps is based on an electric motor, on the shaft of which an impeller is fixed. In the process of rotation, the impeller blades create centrifugal force, as a result of which the water rises.

The vibration device has a simpler device. Here, an electromagnet with a vibrator is used, due to the reciprocating actions of which a pumping effect is created and water begins to be sucked through the check valves of the device.

Important! The submersible pump can only be used in water. Dry running protection is additionally applied to avoid accidental idling.

Scope of application

Submersible pumps are divided into 4 classes depending on the scope of application:

• Downhole

Given the small diameter of the well casing, such a device has an elongated cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 100 mm. It can be used at a sufficiently large depth, and the water lifting height in some models is 60 m.

• Well

Such a device is used at shallow depths for pumping water with a low degree of pollution. It should not be located close to the bottom because of the risk of sediment rising and rapid clogging of the filter.

• Drainage

As a rule, the use of a submersible drainage pump is associated with emergency and repair work, such as pumping water from flooded premises (basements, cellars), draining ditches, cleaning wells, etc.

• Fecal

A feature of this equipment is the presence of a grinder and a wide arrangement of flow channels for pumping liquid household waste from cesspools without the risk of clogging.

The drainage pump has a wide range of applications

What to look for when operating a submersible pump

The submersible apparatus is used in rather harsh and specific conditions. Therefore, some aspects of its operation should be given Special attention.

Technical specifications

The main indicators in technical terms are the power and performance of the equipment. The passport for the device must indicate the maximum column of water. The maximum immersion depth of the pump depends on this parameter.

For your information. The productivity of the equipment should not exceed the flow rate of the well or well, otherwise the resource of the source can be exhausted very quickly.

When using a downhole tool, the correct dimensions to prevent the possibility of jamming. To do this, its diameter must be at least 10 mm smaller than the diameter of the well casing.

Mounting Features

Since all submersible pumps use electrical energy, the integrity of the insulation must be carefully checked before installation and operation. Particular attention should be paid to the cable and the place of its connection to the device.

When lowering the device to a depth, you should use a reliable reinforced cable that will hold it throughout the entire period of operation and will allow you to get equipment for maintenance or repair at any time. Borehole and well pumps are usually located 1 meter from the bottom, while drainage pumps are lowered directly to the bottom.

Attaching the submersible pump to the wellhead

Scheduled Maintenance

During the course of any technical device it is important to plan Maintenance, which allows for a long maintenance-free period of operation. In this regard, submersible pumping equipment is no exception. The frequency of maintenance and the list of preventive measures performed are indicated in the technical passport of the device.

Important! Without technical skills and special tools, it is categorically not recommended to disassemble the device. For these purposes, it is better to invite a specialist.

When using a submersible pump for water supply at home, the owners often have questions that only professionals can answer.

• The well is emptying quickly

Reason: incorrect calculation of the required performance of the device. Such a problem often arises during self-drilling, when the well flow rate is determined approximately or not determined at all.

Solution: reduce water flow or install a pump with a lower capacity.

• Water comes with sand

Reason: capture of sand particles from the bottom of the impervious layer.

Solution: clean the inlet filter and raise the device by 0.5-1 m.

• Idle protection trips frequently

Reason: water in a well or well falls below the permitted level. One of the most common mistakes made by non-professionals is to install the pump according to a static rather than a dynamic water level.

Solution: install pumping equipment according to the dynamic water level.

• Decreased pump performance

Cause: Internal device failure.

Solution: it is necessary to disassemble and, if necessary, repair the device. Centrifugal pumps have the most common cause a decrease in performance is a breakdown of the impeller, and for vibrating ones, the loss of elasticity of the rubber piston.

Improper operation is usually the cause of failure of pumping equipment

Before using a submersible pump, you must read the instruction manual, paying particular attention to the installation and maintenance sections of the device. In the event of a malfunction, it is better to leave attempts self repair and contact the experts immediately.