Do-it-yourself jigsaw machine drawings from plywood. We design a jigsaw with our own hands

Since childhood, we have been familiar with the technology of sawing with a jigsaw. The principle is simple - a fixed part is placed on a stand with a technological cutout, the cut is made by moving the file. The quality of work depends on the firmness of the hands and the skill of the worker.

In this way, you can literally cut lace from thin wooden or plastic blanks. However, the process is laborious and slow. Therefore, many masters thought about small-scale mechanization.

A simple design from the last century

Even in the magazine "Young Technician" drawings were offered on how to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands. Moreover, the design does not imply an electric drive, the drive works from muscular strength, like knife grinders.

The machine consists of the main parts:

bed (A)
desktop (B) with a slot for the canvas
lever system (B) for holding the saw blade
flywheel (D), which is the primary drive pulley
crank mechanism (D), combined with the secondary drive pulley, and driving the levers (B)
pedal assembly (E) with a crank mechanism that drives the flywheel (D)
saw blade tensioner (W)

With the foot of the foot, the master sets the flywheel (D) in motion. With the help of a belt drive, the crank mechanism (D), connected to the lower lever (B), rotates. A file is stretched between the levers, the degree of tension is regulated by a lanyard (G).

With a well-balanced flywheel, a sufficient smoothness of the saw blade is ensured, and such a home-made jigsaw machine allows you to massively cut out the same type of workpiece, saving time and effort. In those days, jigsaw saw blades were produced in the form of a flat tape with unidirectional action.

Therefore, to obtain patterns of complex shape, it was necessary to rotate the workpiece around the canvas. The dimensions of the workpiece are limited by the length of the levers (B).

From mechanical jigsaw to electric one step

The foot drive cannot give real freedom of action and uniformity of the sawing stroke. It is more reasonable to adapt an electric motor for a crank mechanism. However, if you use a desktop jigsaw from time to time, it makes no sense to make a stationary structure with its own motor.

You can use household power tools. For example - a screwdriver with a speed controller.
Materials are used, literally from wooden scraps and old trash. The only critical part is the frame. It is better to make it from durable plywood with a thickness of at least 18 mm.

We make all connections on wood screws, the joints can be smeared with PVA glue. We assemble a support pedestal for the lever rod from the same material. The design of the support should not have backlashes; the subsequent accuracy of the operation of the entire machine depends on its strength.

An electric jigsaw is a type of woodworking equipment. Currently, the choice is presented not only in the usual manual version, but also in the electric one. These models, for example, Vario 502 dks, dremel have high performance, are quite easy to use, and are equipped with a large number of removable components.

These devices can be used in household as well as in production. Today, such a mechanism can be bought ready-made or made by hand, for example, from an old sewing machine.

1 Technology of use

The main working element of a manual jigsaw is small nail files, which usually have a length of 50 to 120 mm. This is driven by an existing electric motor and performs translational movements vertically during the processing of the product. In some mechanisms, it works according to the pendulum type.

The workpiece itself in this design is attached directly to the sole of the equipment. Such fixation makes it easier for the worker to operate the system and freely adjust the angle of the tool. The safety of the operator in this design is ensured by the presence of a special screen.

These models appeared in mass sale in last years. Previously, they tried to make them for home use from a sewing machine. Today, there is no need for this. The choice of models is very large.

1.1 Advantages and disadvantages of using electric jigsaws

TO strengths It is this technique that must be attributed:

The possibility of using the device for a wide range of woodworking due to the large number of interchangeable blades.
Greater reliability in use: due to the wide web of such a mechanism, it is possible to avoid breaking parts made of wood, tiles during processing, and also to perform any complex contours with a minimum of effort.
The ability to feed the wood blank with two hands by attaching it to the canvas. Previously, without such a device, working with hand-type samples was much more difficult.
Simplicity in the processing of any canvases - even a relatively small the jigsaw can easily handle wood with a thickness of 50 mm, not to mention more powerful models.
Wide range of processing options.

Among the disadvantages of using such a device, a short stroke of the samples is usually noted, due to which the work with thick canvases becomes much more complicated.

Also, the inability to make the bending radius as small as when using a manual sample (due to the features of the saw blade attachment).

2 Scope of machine tools

Modern electric jigsaws are applicable for the following work to choose from:

Sawing complex contours from a sheet blank.
Processing the inner surface of the workpiece, without violating its contour integrity.
Finishing of some samples.

A desktop jigsaw is used mainly for processing wooden blanks. It is most often used in the manufacture of furniture, musical instruments. In recent years, they have also often been used for the production of decor items, as well as souvenirs.

2.1 Consumables

The main consumables that a desktop jigsaw has are files, including spiral ones. They differ in length, size of teeth, distance between them. and are selected for each material individually.

Usually equipping a jigsaw machine with their own hands and buying files for it, experts recommend focusing on the following features when choosing consumables:

For sawing on blanks made of wood or plywood, saws are selected in increments of 2-4 mm.
Metal samples, as well as plastic, are usually processed by choosing 1-2 mm files, including spiral ones. Masters who form reviews on the use of such components recommend stopping here on models with a wavy edge. The choice of those is very large.
When working with tiles, special saw blades with an abrasive coating are used.

You can choose these elements for processing wood and other materials not only based on reviews, but also based on specifications equipment of your choice.

After all, almost every machine has a list of consumables, including all files suitable for it for certain products.

Also, do not forget about additional elements such a design, which, for example, in the models Dewalt, Dremel, Holzstar, Vario 502 dks include a drilling unit and an air pump. Their choice is great.

2.2 Design features of jigsaws

Currently, an electric jigsaw machine, in addition to those products that are created at home with their own hands, is presented on the market in a huge number of different products. Their choice is really wide. Among them are the models Dewalt, Holzstar, Vario 502 dks.

They are classified according to the following features:

In order to choose the right jigsaw, you need to It is necessary to analyze the device in all respects. And then you can get the perfect component for any task. You can also assemble a desktop jigsaw with your own hands, using general recommendations for the production of such devices.

It will not be difficult to do it yourself from a sewing machine, or another similar mechanism. The main thing is to study the design device well, select the necessary components and do everything to make the model reliable.

2.3 Electric jigsaw machine Enkor Corvette-87 (video)

Without a jigsaw, many woodworking operations are impossible. Compact and lightweight, it allows you to manufacture products of even the most complex geometries. Sometimes, for example, with large amounts of work, it is more convenient to work with this tool not as a manual jigsaw, but in the format of a machine tool. Such equipment is presented in the catalogs of many manufacturers of household power tools, but if necessary, it can be made independently.

Equipment selection - main points

To begin with, it is worth answering the question: with what material will the master work most often? Motor power of 50-90 watts is sufficient for most types of wood, but if you are going to process hardwood and significant volumes, look for options in 120 watts. Stepwise adjustment of engine speed ( saw blade speed) is desirable, choose models with a smooth change in this parameter.

The ability to adjust the speed is needed to adapt the machine to work with different types of wood - heating of the material is excluded, which will spoil the cut. In addition, gradually increasing momentum, the master concentrates on complicated procedure, as well as the engine operates in a sparing mode, which increases its resource.

Some models provide for the possibility of cutting not only in a horizontal surface, but also at an angle, and a special scale will allow you to choose the most accurate position of the workpiece. Semi-professional and household machines allow you to change the tilt of the desktop up to 45 ° in one direction, professional - up to 45 ° in both directions.

Pay attention to the work surface. It should be massive enough so as not to sag under heavy workpieces, very smooth (so the part slides on the base without problems) and polished so as not to stain the workpiece.

When choosing equipment, it is important to remember the nominal number of revolutions. Many masters mistakenly believe that it should correspond to at least 1650 reciprocating movements of the file in 60 seconds - only with this indicator the cut will be perfectly even, without chips and notches. However, modern desktop machines from well-known manufacturers guarantee a perfect cutting line even at speeds of 700-1400 strokes per minute.

Do not forget about the maximum stroke of the saw blade - the thickness of the workpieces depends on this value. Additional options are also important:

the presence of an engraver - add. shaft for particularly precise cuts and the manufacture of fine crafts;
removal of wood dust and shavings from the work surface;
illumination of the cutting zone.

How to navigate in models from different manufacturers?

There are many models of jigsaws on the modern market, but there are several main "players", and each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Enkor's Corvette models are household-class machines and are not suitable for industrial use, but they are quite functional equipment equipped with a swivel worktop to perform an oblique cut at the desired angle, a fixed stop with a degree scale.

Although the machines of this model are not designed for processing massive workpieces, the manufacturer offers a 150 W drive. The motor is a collector type, quite noisy and prone to overheating, unable to work without interruption and requiring regular replacement of brushes.

The amplitude of the saw stroke is 40 mm, the oscillation frequency is 700 per 60 seconds (in some modifications, a second speed is added - 1400 per minute to select the optimal mode when processing wood of different hardness). The files supplied with the equipment are not of impeccable quality, so it makes sense to immediately change them to analogues from a third-party manufacturer.

The Zubr models also belong to household machines, compact enough even for use in a city apartment. The main feature of this equipment, which can be called its disadvantage, is a noticeable vibration, which interferes with the implementation of a high-precision cut.

Zubr machines are capable of processing plywood, solid wood, plastic, thin aluminum in a horizontal plane and at an angle. They also perform drilling, grinding and polishing; for this, an additional desktop and a flexible shaft with a chuck are provided in the delivery set.

Overheating of the cutting tool is prevented by the built-in cooling system, there is an electromagnetic switch to prevent accidental switching on. Files in Zubr machines are used special, reinforced, having pins at their ends.

The working surface is fenced off from the operator by a transparent casing to protect it from dust and chips, and the cutting area is cleared of sawing products by blowing to improve visibility. Efficient waste disposal is provided. The motor used is a collector type, sufficiently resistant to overloads. Its brushes are designed for long-term operation, but their quick replacement in the equipment is still provided.

For creative carpentry workshops RSW jigsaws are designed. Among their features are the minimum backlash and the most accurate trajectory of the cutting tool. The equipment provides everything for the efficient work of the operator: fencing and lighting working area, the ability to remove sawn products with a conventional vacuum cleaner.

In RSW machines, the file has an unusual arrangement - with the teeth down, pin files are used, they are replaced without a key. Also among the features of the equipment is the presence of the most powerful engine in the category of similar professional machine tools.

For craft workshops, art studios and serious hobbies, JSS jigsaws from the JET brand are designed. They provide a stable cutting angle, the speed of the cutting tool is changed steplessly by the built-in electronic system.

The manufacturer offers its own branded pin-mounted files, but JSS JET equipment is also able to work with “ordinary” ones. These machines are suitable for sawing complex shapes, but the workpieces to be processed should not be unnecessarily large. Their material is wood, chipboard, plywood, fiberboard, hard and soft plastics.

The blade tension lever is located in the upper part of the machine, which increases the convenience of working with it, and the cutting blade is installed in two versions - across and along the longitudinal axis of the equipment. Dust and sawdust are easily removed by an adjustable nozzle connected to the dust extraction system. The working table can be installed at an angle, to control the accuracy of its location there is a transport scale and a stopper.

How to build a jigsaw machine on your own?

Such equipment can be made at home with your own hands, craftsmen even create such machines from old sewing machines. If you have certain skills, the drawing and design scheme are developed independently.

As a table, you can use a countertop, a workbench, and if they are not there - homemade design from laminated plywood with a minimum thickness of 10 mm. A kind of table should be built from it with a working surface size of about 500x500 mm and a leg height of about 400-500 mm. They can be two or three solid or four separate. In the first case, the design resembles a box, in the second - a traditional table on a reduced scale).

The necessary details are cut with a hacksaw or a circular saw, in single system individual elements are fastened with self-tapping screws. In the table lid, drill holes for fastening the tool and for the saw blade with a drill. In the sole of the jigsaw, you will also have to make mounting holes. After that, you can attach it with bolts to the tabletop so that the cutting part is brought out vertically upwards.

The advantage of such a home-made jigsaw machine is a clear fixation of the tool and a guarantee that the master's hand will lead the cut along the desired path.

A similar version of the machine does not always form the correct curvilinear cut - the file can deviate, especially if a massive workpiece is processed. The problem is solved by rigid fixation of the cutting tool with a pair of rollers that need to be placed on an additional part.

It is made from bars with a cross section of about 50x50 mm. which are connected into an L-shaped element using a furniture corner and self-tapping screws, attached to the desktop, and at the free end a bent metal plate with rollers made of bolts and bearing parts is placed with rigid fixation.

What to do if curly and very precise cuts are needed?

To perform the most accurate, very thin curly cuts, a home-made jigsaw machine must be equipped with a cutting blade tension system. Features of this device include:

the fork should be used very thin - for manual jigsaws;
the rod of the electric tool must be connected to the clamp that tensions the saw blade using a special adapter;
as a tension block, use the clamp of a conventional manual jigsaw.

In constructive terms, the machine differs little from that described above. It is necessary to build a work table with a hole for the cutting tool and attach a clamp to the table top, and place the electric drive from below.

If cuts are needed especially precise and thin, which implies extremely delicate and slow work, it is necessary to reduce the force on the files while ensuring strong tension and precise movement. To this end homemade machine must be fitted with long arm spacers instead of the traditional hand jigsaw clamp.

The spacer structure and shoulders holding the file are made of wood or steel. Otherwise, the design of the machine resembles a model with a manual clamp.

For figured wood cutting, a hand-held jigsaw was traditionally used - a simple tool with a thin file that allows you to create elegant patterns from wood. Later, a jigsaw was invented, working on muscle traction like a foot sewing machine or potter's wheel.

The development of technology and the emergence of compact electric motors of low power led to the creation of a manual electric jigsaw, and then the corresponding electrified machine, which you can make yourself.

Purpose

Stationary units that ensure the movement of the saw blade vertically make it possible to cut parts of complex shape from sheet materials, elements with curved edges. If you insert a file into a through hole drilled in the workpiece, you can make a curly contour inside the product.

With the help of jigsaw machines, workpieces from various sheet materials are processed, including:

solid wood;
plywood;
wood-based boards (chipboard, fiberboard, MDF);
aluminum;
plastic.

With the help of a jigsaw machine, it will be possible to increase labor productivity and significantly improve the quality of processing curly edges of products. This is due to the fact that a working person has both hands free and he can position the workpiece as accurately as possible relative to the moving cutting blade. This is the main advantage of a stationary tool with an electric drive from a manual jigsaw.

Jigsaw machines are installed in school and home workshops, and this type of equipment is also used in furniture production and in the manufacture of musical instruments. Modern laser machines can be used instead of jigsaws, as they provide the highest cutting accuracy along a given contour, but their use limits the effect of burnt ends of parts.

Device

The desktop jigsaw machine consists of the following elements:

frame (support structure on which all mechanisms and components are mounted);
Desktop;
electric drive;
crank mechanism (responsible for converting the rotation of the motor shaft into the reciprocating movement of the file);
double rocker (equipped with clamps for files and a tensioning mechanism).

The machines produced today are mostly designed for the use of files with a length of 200-350 mm and a working stroke of 30-50 mm. Files differ in width (2-10 mm), thickness (0.6-1.25 mm) and type of shanks - they come with pins and without pins. The latter are more convenient, since in order to cut the inner contour, it is necessary to drill a hole in the workpiece through which the end of the file must pass. If there is a pin, the hole should be noticeably larger. Some models of jigsaws allow you to mount files of both types, including the old model, from a Soviet hand tool. Files also differ in the size of the teeth and their arrangement - it can be straight or spiral.

Tool selection

To choose a good machine suitable for solving specific tasks, you need to pay attention to its power. The main part of the models is equipped with an electric drive with a power of 90 to 500 watts. For home use, the optimal power is 150-200 watts.

An important selection criterion is the presence of two speeds of the unit. In the standard version - 600 and 1000 rpm. This makes it possible to select the appropriate mode for working with materials of various densities.

The desktop is fixed and swivel. Fixing the table at an inclination allows cutting material at specified angles other than 90°. There are also models that have table height adjustment - this allows you to extend the service life of the file, since you can use its different sections along the entire length, and not just the central part, for work.

Manufacturers equip jigsaws with a variety of options, including:

a compressor for removing chips from the marking line with an air jet;
drilling unit;
illumination of the working area;
blade fencing (will not allow fingers to contact with a moving file);
clamping device (prevents vibration of thin sheet material).

Additional options increase the cost of the jigsaw, but do not fundamentally affect its functionality.

Manufacturers

On the power tool market, there are different kinds jigsaws: from devices designed for creative work at home to high-performance models designed for professional use. In addition to machines that use conventional files, you can find band saws on sale.

Add to list popular brands includes Bosch, Negner, Einhell, Proxxon, Makita, DeWALT, JET, Xendoll, Excalibur, Kroton, Korvet, Zubr.

The leader in quality and reliability is the products of well-known German brands Bosch, Einhell and Hegner. In addition, the lines of jigsaws include a wide range of models of various capacities and configurations, which makes it possible to choose a high-quality electric jigsaw for the home, which is optimal in terms of functionality.

Budget models, including those made in China, have also proven themselves well. Models of the brand Korvet, Zubr and others are suitable for home use without increased loads.

Before buying a jigsaw machine, regardless of its brand, it is imperative to conduct tests to assess the smoothness of the working body and the noise level, to make sure that there are no extraneous sounds and vibrations. It is recommended to compare several models different brands and buy the one with the best performance.

Making a jigsaw with your own hands

A home-made machine, made to replace a conventional wood jigsaw, is able to provide high-quality performance of the main set of operations for curly cutting sheet materials. Depending on the purpose, you can design a compact electric model or a stationary unit designed for high loads.

materials

As a basic scheme, it is most convenient to use a drawing of a simple wooden jigsaw with a flywheel and a pedal assembly and replace the mechanical drive with an electric one. If the machine is intended to be used only occasionally, a special electric motor can be dispensed with. Instead, connect any suitable power tool. It is convenient to use a screwdriver with adjustable speed.

The material for the manufacture of the machine itself is wood, while:

the bed and the supporting pedestal for the lever bar are best made of high-strength plywood (minimum thickness - 18 mm);
for a lever structure, it is necessary to take dense wood that is not prone to cracking under load - this is beech or oak (instead of buying bars, you can use straight legs of old chairs that are suitable in size);
for the crank mechanism, plywood 10-12 mm thick is required;
for the rest of the structural elements, pine lumber, various trimmings are suitable.

According to the scheme of the jigsaw machine, a bed and a supporting pedestal are made. Wood screws should be used as fasteners; it is recommended to coat the joints of wooden structural elements with PVA emulsion. It is important that the design is strong and there is no play, otherwise the accuracy of the machine will be low.

Part preparation and assembly

Next, the levers of the desired length are cut out, cuts are made at their ends for fastening the file. The mount is made of a steel plate 2-3 mm thick, with a pair of holes. The upper hole allows you to fix the plate on the lever, and the lower one is designed to attach the saw shank. Fasteners - screws of suitable diameter and nuts - it is more convenient to use wing-type. Mounting on the lower arm is installed in the same way.

At the next stage, the lever system is mounted on the frame. To connect the free ends of the levers, a screw tie (lanyard) is used, which makes it possible to easily adjust the tension of the saw blade.

Note! The length of the files used should be determined in advance, since the size of the lever mechanism depends on this. It is necessary to ensure the maximum possible parallelism of the levers relative to each other.

Racks need to be fastened together to create a solid support for the flywheel. The axis can be a stud or a bolt of at least 8 strength class. The flywheel with the lower lever is fastened by means of a connecting rod made of the same plywood, while the rods connecting to the lever must be metal.

At the next stage, a desktop with a swivel mechanism is made - it is necessary to cut a swivel arc with a slot from plywood. The table is placed on the bed. To easily fix rotary mechanism in position, use a wing nut.

In this model, a screwdriver serves as an electric drive - for work it is enough to connect its cartridge with the flywheel axis. You can adjust the speed using a clamp with variable force, made of a strong strap and a small clamp (or other screw tightening).

Simple in design, a homemade machine is easy to use.

Rugged fixed construction

The design of a jigsaw for professional use is practically the same as a compact wooden model. It is only important to choose the right materials so that the unit is able to withstand increased loads and does not vibrate during operation.

bed - heavy chipboard;
rack for lever construction - hardboard, textolite of suitable thickness;
levers - steel square pipe;
countertop - any durable, hard and smooth material.

Elements for fastening the blade (you can take it from an old hacksaw) are soldered to the levers or fixed with screws.

You will need a serviceable electric drive with a gearbox that will provide the necessary torque. To start the engine of a homemade jigsaw machine, it is convenient to provide a foot pedal (take it from an old electric sewing machine or make it using any suitable electric button).

When assembling the structure, metal racks and metal fasteners. With the help of a metal insert, you can strengthen the fastening of the connecting rod. This will reduce vibration and reduce wear.

The tabletop has a long working slot for the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis.

A spring is provided to tension the web. The lower lever is responsible for the movement of the working blade, the upper one helps to keep the file in a vertical position.

Thus, an electric jigsaw can be assembled on its own using scrap materials. This will not require serious financial costs, but will only take some time to find materials, necessary parts and assembly.

The desktop jigsaw is designed for cutting various parts with a complex configuration from sheet materials. This tool is able to work with MDF, chipboard, fiberboard and many others. Jigsaws can also cut internal contours parts, if you first make a small hole. This tool has a wide range of applications, since it is able to provide high productivity, which cannot be achieved with a conventional hacksaw.

Design features

The device diagrams of all jigsaw machines are usually the same. Having carefully examined the drawings, which depict this tool, you can see its following structural units:

bed, which is also often called the body. It is designed to accommodate all structural elements of the unit;
drive mechanism;
crank mechanism. It is necessary to convert the rotational energy of the motor shaft into the movement of the file used during operation;
double rocker. Equipped with fasteners for sawing and tensioning device;
Desktop. In some modern models it has a turning mechanism that moves to a given angle.

How to make a machine from a jigsaw?

To make a jigsaw from a manual jigsaw, follow these instructions:

First you need to make a table where a home-made jigsaw will be installed in the future. To do this, use any durable sheet material- thick plywood, metal and others.
Through holes are made in the table for the cutting blade and various fasteners.
The resulting jigsaw table is installed and securely fixed on a suitable wooden table.
The resulting table is equipped with guide rails.
A manual jigsaw is fixed at the bottom, which allows you to replace the drive mechanism of the machine and many of its other structural elements.

Everyone can make such a jigsaw machine with their own hands. Its advantage lies in the fact that at any time this unit can be quickly disassembled and only hand tools can be used.

Homemade jigsaw table-machine from a manual jigsaw

How to make a more professional tool?

Homemade jigsaw can have all the qualities that are present in professional equipment. To make it, you need to follow these instructions:

The bed is made from any durable material - 12 mm plywood, plastic, textolite and others. It should consist of a base, a body to accommodate all structural units and a desktop.
On the other hand, a rocking chair with an eccentric is placed. They need to be interconnected using metal plates with sleeve-type bearings. The resulting structure is installed with screws.
The intermediate shaft is formed from several bearings.
The metal pulley is very tightly put on the shaft and the screw connection is fixed.
To change the movement characteristics of the rocking chair, 4 holes are made on the eccentric flange round shape threaded. They should be placed from the center line at different distances. The amplitude of the movement of the rocking chair is regulated by the location of the screws.
The rocking chair is formed from wooden yokes, which are attached to the rack on a swivel joint.
Small cuts are made at the rear ends of the rockers. They are designed to install voltage screws.
The front ends of the rocker arm are designed to install the file. It moves with the help of special metal hinges. Before fixing the file, it is installed in a groove placed on the desktop.
The rocking chair is made from a single piece of durable material. At its upper end, a groove is made for installing the rocker arm, and near the lower end, a small rectangular hole is cut out for mounting the second rocker arm.

How to make a machine from a sewing machine?

From a sewing machine, an excellent jigsaw is obtained, which is equipped with a saw blade movement regulator. It is not difficult to make it if you follow these instructions:

From the bottom of the machine, the thread weaving mechanism is dismantled. In some models, it may be located elsewhere.
To dismantle this assembly, it is necessary to remove a few bolts, and then remove the cotter pin and drive shaft.
The top protective panel is unscrewed. After that, the groove along which the sewing needle moves must be expanded to fit the file parameters.
The cutting element itself is also slightly modified. It is cut according to the length of the sewing needle.
It is not necessary to make an adapter for installing the cutting element. Instead, you can grind off the upper incisors a little and process the lower area of \u200b\u200bthe blade.
The nail file is inserted into the needle holder and work begins.

All the presented options for the manufacture of jigsaw machines are very successful. The resulting units are highly productive, and it is not difficult to make them. Depending on their skills, each master will be able to choose best model homemade equipment.

Video: Sewing machine jigsaw

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