Find a common language with nature. Weaving baskets from shingles How to make a basket from shingles

Weaving baskets from DRANOK

Weaving from "shingles" (from ribbons) baskets is a very interesting activity. Wicker baskets are convenient for berries, mushrooms, for the market and for dishes. They are lightweight, durable and comfortable. Let's analyze the stages of weaving from shingles in more detail.

We select 22 such shingles so that everyone has the same width, and the length: for the two largest - 24 times more than the width, for sixteen - 16 times and for the remaining four - 10-12 times more. The longest ones will go on board, the middle ones - on the body, the short ones - on the handle. If they meet longer, it's nothing, as long as they don't turn out to be small.

We begin to weave (Fig. 184).

We put medium-sized shingles as shown under the letter a, and continue to weave a new tape to them on the left and right of each row, until we get a “gunny” out of all 16 shingles (b). Then we draw a rectangle of the bottom with a pencil (shown by a dotted line) and nail it to a thick board with wire clips or small carnations, on which, as on a working machine, we will continue weaving. Before nailing, all the tapes must be “pushed”, i.e., moved one to the other as tightly as possible and eliminate any gaps, cracks between them. If the basket is large and the shingles are thick, then such a “push” is made with a hammer, and the corners are nailed with eight nails, that is, two nails in each corner.

Dotted lines in fig. b - these are the fold lines. We bend all four sides in turn so that they are not on the board, but protrude perpendicular to it. At first they will not hold on in this position; they must be held by hand. Then, due to friction, they will retain the given shape of the wall. We start weaving the walls from some angle, while remembering the basic rule - alternation: each tape goes over - under - over - under ... so that they lie intertwined all the time. Under the letter (c), we see such an angle that the interwoven ribbons do not diverge, when we are busy with the other ends of the ribbons, we link them with wire clips at the top (shown by an arrow in Fig. c).

Initially, the basket turns out to be all cracked, as the bent tapes tend to disperse in different directions. Now we need to “push” again, but not the bottom, but the corners and sides. If the basket is still not “calmed down”, you will have to put permanent hairpins instead of temporary paper clips on the upper corners, but we will do this after we cut the entire edge evenly around. We lay the two longest ribbons outside and inside along the edge, starting from the middle of one side of the basket and going around. We attach with wire pins, piercing the ribbons with an awl.

It remains to make the handle of the basket. We fold all four short ribbons (d), fasten them with one hairpin in the middle. The shortest ribbon will be on the inside, the longest on the outside. With the help of an awl and hairpins we attach the handle to the basket (d).

Our basket turned out to be oblong in shape. If we take shingles not of the same length, but choose them so that in the matting (b) the middle ones are the longest, and the extreme ones are shorter and shorter, then we can weave a basket with a square base.

learning a craft

L. Zubarev

The shingles are planed and chipped. A shingle is planed from aspen or linden square chocks with a length of 25 ... 30 cm and a section of 10 × 15 ... 20 cm. The chocks are fixed on a platform raised 1 m from the ground, a long lever made of poles turning on the axis is installed there, at the end of which a special knife is attached . With the help of this device, shingles 0.5 cm thick are gouged. Of course, one shoulder at the lever where the knife is located is shorter than the other.

The roof is covered with shingles along a continuous crate in several layers, overlapping the shingles of each layer (according to the principle of fish scales).

Chipped shingles are made exclusively from pine, and the wood at the blanks should

Elk makes up the main part of the wood of the trunk. If there is no condo pine, and it is rare even in the taiga, shingles are made from ordinary pine, with a diameter of 40 ... 50 cm or more. It is not scary if the core of the pine is slightly rotted, since only the outlying part of the log is used.

The log is cut into chocks 1.2 m long (slate length), they are pricked with an ax and wedges along the radius, that is, from the edges to the center (the size of the chipped chocks along the wide edge is 15 ... 20 cm).

To obtain a chipped shingle, a special knife is required, which is usually made from a spring. The length of such a knife is 45 cm, width 6…8 cm, thickness 3…4 mm. At one end of the knife, a sleeve is provided (welded or bent from the same strip) (Fig. For a wooden handle (handle diameter 4 ... 5 cm, length 50 ... 60 cm).

They prick shingles like this: they put a chock on the priest and, from

Pic. 1. Knife for chipped shingles

Rice. 2. Fastening shingles with nails (1) with wire (2)

be straight-grained and without branches (the butt of the tree is best).

From a pine the basket in life is irreplaceable.

Note that the highest quality shingles come from condo pine. This pine tree in the forest is distinguished from others by its smooth, light yellow bark. The wood of the condo pine is fine-layered, resinous. Sapwood - the outer, less dense layer of wood lying directly under the bark - is quite narrow, its thickness is 1.5 ... 2 cm.

Shingles or shingles are one of the original types of roofing. This is a rare, elite and expensive material. As it turned out, it was difficult to find a roofer-draper. Therefore, I will share personal experience do-it-yourself shingles mining.

Instruments

To make shingles, you will need good tool. At one time, I did not find a suitable tool in the store.

Find a common language with nature

I had to make it myself.

Main fixture

By trial and error, having studied a bunch of special forums and reviewing a ton of videos, I made three knives of different sizes.

Small, 20 cm long, I made from a piece of metal and sharpened on lathe. It will be needed to remove small knots, bark.

I made a medium sized knife from automotive springs. Its length is 35 cm. This is the main tool in the manufacture of shingles. I used them the most. However, he could not withstand the load. Since the design of the spring involves holes, plus the length of the cutter played a negative role.

For the large knife, I used a piece of hardened metal 12mm thick, 50cm long, 10cm wide.

Sharpening angle - the secret of great-grandfathers

The most convenient sharpening angle is 30°. With such a tip, it is easy to chip aspen, oak, spruce, pine and poplar. I would advise sharpening on one side. The word shingles itself comes from to tear, tear off. And with sharp, sharpened on both sides of the tools, you will prick or cut it.

Percussion instrument

I don't use a metal sledgehammer or hammer as percussion. Because with constant impacts, the surface breaks, the knife will lose its plane. And this is not convenient in the manufacture of shingles. I recommend using a wooden mallet.

Choosing a material

To make a good shingle, you need the right approach to choosing wood. Pay attention to the butt and the trunk of the tree. There should be no large knots, depressions or damage on the surface. The trunk should be even, not rotten, the structure is close to ideal.

End or inner part the barrel must also be free of defects.

Shingle manufacturing process

It is worth saying here that I got shingles of the following sizes: length 35 cm, width 5 cm, thickness 1 cm. And now I will describe the process in detail.

Step 1 - preparation

The first thing to do is to split the round timber. It is easier to do this not from the end, but from the side. I take an ax and begin to gradually hammer it with a wooden mallet.

I spied on this method from Siberian hunters who go to the taiga for the winter and make skis from pine or Christmas trees.

Splitting the log into two parts, I examine it inside. It should not have defects, large resin ducts, bark beetles. The structure must be even.

Then, I split one of the halves of the log into two more equal parts.

Step 2 - Manufacturing

We turn to the manufacture of the plates themselves. I take a large cutter and a wooden mallet. Gently tapping the knife on one side or the other, I tear off the plate. Thickness is not more than 8 - 12 mm. You need to beat not just vertically down, but a little on yourself. In order not to cut and tear off. When extracting shingles, it is important to put the chubrak with the butt down. So the blade will move along the line of growth of the fibers. The shingles will turn out smooth and not ruffy.

Step 3 - Sanding

In the manufacture of shingles, it is not possible to achieve a smooth and even surface of the plate. For a better fit, I use a two-handed knife, it is called a strut. I put the plate with the butt down and start to trim everything superfluous. I also remove the bark for them.

And for better water flow, I chamfer at an angle of 45 ° from the top of the plate.

Laying shingles

When laying the shingle, there is a rule - the butt should look down. As we make it, so we lay it down. If you lay the plates in the opposite direction, water and snow will linger, and the roof will leak.

Shingles laying methods

The first way is overlapping. The plates are stacked on top of each other, about one third. This method is the simplest and easiest.

The second way is multilayer styling. The first layer is laid flat. The distance between the dies in one row is 3-5 mm.

The next layer covers the joints of the first row. Etc. Four or five layers are laid in this way. This method can be used to make the roof of a house, terrace, veranda.

When making shingles for the first time, you need to be patient. However, having gained experience, you can make an unusual and environmentally friendly version of the roof with your own hands.

Scientists believe that people learned weaving much earlier than pottery. From long flexible branches of various thicknesses, he wove dwellings and outbuildings, fences, furniture, sleigh and cart bodies, as well as baskets that had the most diverse purposes.

A basket is the all-Russian name for a container, which in each region had its own characteristics in manufacturing and appearance.

Without baskets, these universal wicker vessels, it is difficult to imagine the life of a Russian peasant. In the second half of the 19th - early 20th century. wickerwork had wide use. These baskets are diverse in shape and purpose, which are containers with one or two handles for picking berries, mushrooms, vegetables, nuts, carrying and storing various supplies, as well as household items.

Basket weaving from pine chips

They were indispensable for harvesting and storing food. Women carried baskets to the river to rinse clothes. There were also such baskets with which they went on a long journey.

Baskets were made from bark, roots, twigs, straw, stems. They could be rectangular, square, oval, hemispherical, with an open top and closed, with lids. various designs or without lids. Almost every villager could, if necessary, weave a basket needed on the farm, using the simplest weaving techniques. Individual craftsmen wove baskets for every taste and not only for themselves, but also for sale. Depending on the purpose, they were given a wide variety of shapes, decorated with wicker patterns from painted rods. Various weaving techniques, passed down from generation to generation, gradually improved, becoming more rational.

Handicraft basketry was widespread in different parts of Russia. Weaving baskets from a pine torch (shingles) in the Olonets province is a very common occupation in all districts of the province. Weaving baskets from a torch was done by the peasants of Kargopol and the surrounding villages.

The basket craft attracted peasants more than all other crafts due to its general accessibility. Almost exclusively men worked, women were engaged in weaving baskets only in isolated cases. In a peasant family, weaving baskets was mainly an auxiliary occupation. Even the previously mentioned small number of handicraftsmen in the entire Olonets province (55 people), who specialized in weaving baskets, could not develop their business due to low prices for products and due to lack of time: being engaged only in weaving baskets for sale, they would not be able to feed your family.

Peasants usually engaged in weaving baskets in winter. There were no special workshops, they usually worked in the house.

A brief description of the technology for making wicker baskets is given in the statistical collection “Handicrafts and handicraft earnings of the peasants of the Olonetsk province”: “... for a product made of shreds, you need a great ability to choose a tree, and then saw it so that the core does not remain at all. For a successful business, the chopped planted pieces of wood are placed in the oven, “to soften”, after a day they are already perfectly split with a knife, and they are in a hurry to use the material, because. it is easier to make baskets from the “paired” material.”

Thus, in the economic life of the peasants of the Olonets province, the manufacture of wicker baskets from pine splinter (shingles) as a type of traditional economic activity played an important role. Baskets were widely used in the everyday life of peasants; not a single peasant family could do without them. For many families, owning this craft brought additional income.

word wood chips

The word wood chips in English letters (transliteration) - shchepa

The word chip consists of 4 letters: a e p u

Meanings of the word wood chips. What is a chip?

Chips. Shredded wood of fixed dimensions, obtained as a result of wood raw material chopping by chippers and special devices, used as technological raw material or fuel See all terms of GOST 17462-84.

Dictionary of GOST vocabulary

Chips - particles of wood obtained in the process of grinding short-length raw materials or scraps of lumber. There are technological and fuel chips.

Chips - shredded wood of established sizes, obtained as a result of processing wood raw materials with chippers and special devices, used as technological raw materials or fuel.

Glossary of basic forestry and economic terms

Chips for smoking

Chips for smoking are wood particles of the correct rectangular shape, obtained in the process of grinding wood raw materials with a chipper and representing a smoking material used in smoldering smoke generators ...

en.wikipedia.org

Chips, technological

Chips, technological. Technological chips Chips for the production of cellulose, wood-based panels and products of wood-chemical and hydrolysis industries See all terms of GOST 17462-84.

Dictionary of GOST vocabulary

Shchepa, Alexander Fyodorovich

Shchepa, Alexander Fedorovich - the specific prince of Rostov, the ancestor of the princes Shchepin-Rostovsky, according to one indication - the son of Prince Fyodor Alexandrovich, according to others - Prince Fyodor Andreevich ...

Alexander Fedorovich Schepa

Alexander Fedorovich Shchepa (d. 1442) - governor of Pskov (1410-1412, 1421-1424, 1429-1434), prince of Rostov by origin, founder of the princes Shchepin-Rostovsky.

en.wikipedia.org

Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Schepy

Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Schepakh, Nikoloshchepovskaya Church - an Orthodox church in the center of Moscow, in the Arbat district, at the corner of the First Smolensky and Second Nikoloshchepovsky lanes ...

en.wikipedia.org

Pozharsky, Prince Peter Timofeevich Shchepa

Pozharsky, Prince Peter Timofeevich Shchepa - son of Prince. Timofey Feodorovich; in 1597-1599

Do It Yourself (Spark) 1994-06, page 80

he was bypassed by his head in Moscow, successively: in Kitay-Gorod, in the New Tsar's City, from the Neglinnaya River to Moscow, and in the Kremlin; in 1600 - governor in Urzhum.

Big biographical encyclopedia. — 2009

Russian language

Morphemic spelling dictionary. - 2002

Wood chips, -s, pl. chips, chips, chips.

Orthographic dictionary. - 2004

Usage examples for chip

Today, such products as bioplastics, wood chips, pellets and other biofuels are gaining popularity.

Fabrication and installation of shingle roofing

Shingles are thin wooden plates that are used for roofing, as well as for facade cladding. The raw material for the manufacture of shingles is coniferous wood:

• pines,
• cedar,
• aspen wood.

A type of roof made of shingles can be called differently:

• shingle,
• shingles,
• shindel,
• shingalas.

They differ only in manufacturing technology, as well as styling. To this day shingles are made almost by hand.

Depending on the method of manufacture and the resulting form, shingles are distinguished:

• pricked,
• sawn,
• mosaic.

Thanks to the use of special impregnations for wood, shingles can be given almost any shade (or, using a colorless composition, retain its original appearance). In addition, such impregnations significantly extend the life of these wooden products.

Shingles installation

When arranging the roof, shingles are mounted with a slope of at least 12%. The result should be a multi-layer structure, in which there are from four to eight layers of wooden tiles.

Let's talk about the process of making and installing spruce shingles.

To make spruce shingles, you will need spruce round timber. When calculating the number of round timber, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the material, the dimensions of the roof and the number of roofing layers.

First prepare the chumps. To do this, round timber, on which there are no knots, is sawn into pieces 40 cm long. Sawn logs are placed in the boiler ( metal barrel) and cook for about half an hour - this allows you to steam the wood a little. After that, the block of wood is placed vertically and with the help of a plow they begin to peel the shingles.

The thickness of the peeled shingles should be no more than 1 cm. Then the still wet shingles are stacked. Between the layers it is necessary to provide for the presence of a gasket. After the shingles dries out a little, it can be laid on the roof. Previously, it is desirable to remove the bark from the sides of the shingles (sand).

In general, logs can not be boiled. Then all the chopped logs must immediately be painted over from the ends with a thick oil paint This will prevent cracking of the wood.

How and with what to make a shingle yourself?

After that, the logs are placed to dry (also with gaskets) indoors or under a canopy.

Roofing

So, when the shingles are cut, you can start roofing. First you need to do solid crate. It is desirable to cover the crate made with roofing paper, and only then take on the shingles. Lay out with a layer of overlap or butt joint, fix with lath nails (60 mm x 1 mm). Starting to cover the roof should be from the bottom edge, while the upper shingles should overlap the end and side joints by 5 cm.

When fastening two or three lower layers, one nail is hammered into each of the shingles, and two nails must be hammered into the shingles of the uppermost layer. The optimal dimensions of the shingles are as follows: 40 x 8 x 0.7 cm. The ridge of the roof is upholstered with a board.

Wood has a number of features due to which shingle roofing is unique in its properties. Let's list these features:

• Aspen shingles with prolonged exposure to conditions open air"conserved". Due to this, aspen is recommended for arranging baths and other rooms subject to high humidity.
• When pine shingles are used, the resin released from its pores seals the microscopic cracks in the roof.
• Roofing from shingles does not need additional waterproofing.

Articles about roofs in country houses

Baskets woven from pine shingles (drani)

wooden roof tiles

Answer: SHINGLES

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1st letter D; 2nd letter R; 3rd letter A; 4th letter H; 5th letter K; 6th letter A;

• planks for wall lathing before plastering
• wooden roof tiles
• wooden roof tiles
• lathing for walls under plaster
• thin wooden plates
• thin wooden plates
• roofing plank
• roofing plank
• plank for wall plaster
• plank for wall plaster
• Building material, wooden planks (planks) for upholstery of walls and ceilings
• sheathing rail
• sheathing rail
• thinly pricked plates from aspen, pine
• slats for walls under plaster
• slats for walls under plaster
• thin wood chips
• thin wood chips
• Thin wooden plates for upholstery of walls and ceilings for plastering and for roofing
• strips for plaster
• strips for plaster
• thin (3-5 mm) wooden planks (planks) for wall and ceiling upholstery
• thin slabs of wood
• thin slabs of wood
• thinner than shingle
• thinner than shingle
• and for lathing walls for plaster
• roofing strip
• roofing strip
• thin wooden plank for roofing
• thin wooden plank for roofing
• roof boards
• roof boards
• thin plank
• thin plank
• "skeleton" for plaster
• "skeleton" for plaster
• plaster
• plaster
• thin wooden plank for lathing under plaster
• thin wooden slats
• thin wooden slats
• wooden plank
• wooden plank
• roof chips
• roof chips
• thin wooden plank
• thin wooden plank
• river in Kamchatka
• river in Kamchatka
• piece of wood for framing
• piece of wood for framing
• plate for plaster
• plate for plaster

We, modern people, are accustomed to go to the store for any household needs. Buckets for mushrooms, berries, a laundry basket, containers for storing vegetables - we now have all this made of plastic. Practical material, light, inexpensive, you will not say anything. And yet you will see somewhere photographs of antiques - and you will sigh: how beautiful it is! Here, take wicker things. A hundred years ago, life without them was unimaginable.

Birch bark baskets

Tanya Nifanina, a third-grader from the city of Mezen in the Arkhangelsk region, wrote a whole research work about baskets. It turns out that there were no baskets in the life of our great-grandmothers! Tanya managed to count 20 species: in one they brought hay to the cows, in the other they kept spoons, in the third - spindles and other parts for the loom, they ran into the forest for berries with "knittings", there were even several "linen" baskets: in one linen they kept , in another they were worn to rinse, and in the third they even boiled. In separate baskets and boxes they kept fish, cooking, firewood ... You can’t count everything!

I must say that we did not weave from wicker in the North. Northerners made their baskets from pine shingles. Wood has a remarkable property - to split along the fibers under the action of a wedge. It is this property that we use when we chop wood, split a torch. From ancient times to the invention of the saw, boards for construction and other household needs were obtained exclusively by splitting logs along the fibers.

Pine shingle baskets

So, shingles are thin long wood ribbons. And how to weave from them - better than the master no one will tell. So Tanya Nifanina found a real basket-maker, who is famous in their area. Alexander Mikhailovich Gmyrin from the village of Ezevets willingly shared the secrets of craftsmanship with the girl. A lot, he said, depends on the material, on whether it is stored correctly or not, and also on whether a person has a full hand and enough patience. He himself learned this craft in his youth from the peasants from the brigade with whom he worked on logging - in this way they whiled away free time in rainy weather away from home. It did not work out for him, and not all at once. “He broke it, threw it away - it was different.”

The craftsman showed Tanya how to make a basket out of pine shingles. And the girl tried to weave her basket, though from the most accessible material - paper. But when she grows up a little, she will surely tell both her mother and grandmother and herself a lot of useful and beautiful things in the household.

What is the difference between a whip and a sling

Weaving boxes is a hobby for him. About 10 years ago, he says, he saw how his grandfather weaves boxes and asked to be taught so that this skill would not go away. Weaving the box turned out to be easy, the new business turned out to be so liking that it dragged on for a long time.

From his grandfather he adopted not only practice, but also theory. It turned out that the name "box" came from the word "to warp", since the chips were bent and warped during the manufacture.

One hundred and even fifty years ago, boxes woven from wood chips were used more widely, respectively, and there were much more types of them than now. Our ancestors used pine torch boxes everywhere, they were also made from bark, roots, branches, shingles, straw, stems. They could be rectangular, square, oval, hemispherical, open-topped and closed-topped, with or without lids of various designs. There were, for example, special "models" for grass or hay - "lashes", for picking berries, mushrooms - "dials". Boxes with a handle were intended for transporting fruits and vegetables to the bazaar, two-handled boxes for carrying firewood. Other boxes were woven specifically for storing linen and even for ... sprouting potatoes!

The whips were convenient because the things that were stored in them were very well ventilated, - says Sergey. - And this one is the largest box - a measuring basket. How much hay fits in this basket, so much one cow must be given per day. With such baskets they measured how much hay should be stocked up so that it would be enough for the whole winter ...
In the summer, the chips were not jarred, it was a winter occupation and - mostly male. They worked in a residential building, at the stove, or in a bathhouse. The craftsman's tools were an ax and a knife. And only then they took crafts to the Shrovetide fair.

The boxes, as mentioned above, were different, and sometimes the master wanted to move away from his grandfather's canons and come up with something of his own. For example - a decorative bast shoe-box! Why not a decoration for a hut? Yes in modern apartment would look good...

What could be easier than going to the store and buying yourself a brand new bucket of any size and heading into the woods. But after many hours of walking through the forest, you can see that almost a third of the mushrooms suffocated and crushed. But this will not happen with boxes.

In general, our ancestors were very smart and practical, - Sergey believes. - And everything they had was thought out to the smallest detail. Think for yourself how pleasant it is to pick up a brand new basket-box for going to the forest smelling of pine resin...

"Agree" with the tree

Now a little about how such boxes are made. Pine, like all other trees, has annual rings, each such ring is plucked off with a knife - this is what wood chips are.

The main thing here, according to Sergey, is to choose the right pine tree. You have to travel many kilometers just to find a tree suitable for making, because not everyone will do. There are many secrets of choosing pine, but the master discovered only one: if the crack is straight on the tree, then the wood chips will be excellent. If the crack goes crooked, it is better not to take such a pine tree for crafts. An amazing fact: pine chips bend only in one direction, just like a palm. And the other one breaks.

In general, one must be able to “negotiate” with a tree, find a common language with it, - continues Serey. - If you didn’t find it, read the missing material, everything will go to waste. You need to understand that a tree is warm, alive, soft ...

Photo: Annette Tatarnikova. Sergey Kuznetsov

In a word, he first chooses the tree correctly, and then cuts it so that there is no core left at all. Chopped pieces of pine a little more than two meters long are placed on the stove for a day, “to soften”, and then plucked with a knife. Sergey also makes handles for boxes from pine. Sometimes he decorates with birch bark and painted wooden figurines - for mood...

Some, having seen my works, became interested, asked to teach them too, - says the master. So I teach...

How many boxes he wove in 10 years, Sergey Kuznetsov himself does not know - he did not count. It takes an hour and a half to weave a box. Weaves a measuring basket from morning until yesterday. And birch bark girdles - less than an hour.

But at home, on the farm, he admits, there is only one pine box, and even that was woven by one of the students. Carved linden toys are stored in it, because the second hobby of the master is woodcarving.

I have in my head now - a sleigh for a horse, - says Sergey. - I really want to cope with the winter. Pulls me back to the old days. Everything was right there, measured. Not like now...