How many gel balloons will lift a person. How to raise a poster with helium balloons

We have all seen them with our own eyes or in pictures - huge colored balls rising higher and higher in blue sky. Then they turned into a small speck, and then disappeared altogether. They seem so clean - what could be cleaner than heated fresh air, right?

But earlier balloons were much more unusual. In June 1783, the brothers Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier were the first to experiment with balloons. They noticed that the smoke was rising, so they took a handful of raw straw and wool, set it on fire and filled a ball with a diameter of 10 m, made of canvas and pasted over with paper, with black, acrid and suffocating smoke. The experiment went well - the balloon took off.
A few months later, in September, the brothers showed even greater ingenuity.

They both went to Versailles to demonstrate their invention to the King and Queen of France. For some reason, they decided to throw old shoes and rotten meat into the fire of straw and wool - a great idea! The smell was so terrible that the king and queen, who came closer to admire the curiosity, immediately took to their heels - royally, without losing dignity.

However, no one provided the passengers of the balloon with such an opportunity. The Montgolfier brothers tied a duck, a rooster and a sheep to a terrible-smelling ball and sent them flying. Luckily, everyone landed unharmed.

Balloons raise scientific instruments to a height of up to 40,000 m (this is 4 times higher than passenger planes fly). Then the balloon bursts due too low pressure, and the instruments begin to fall down, taking the necessary readings along the way.

In November, the brothers' balloon lifted two people into the air, balancing on opposite ends of a wicker basket of wicker. These people tossed straw into the hot blazing furnace above their heads. Surprisingly, the brothers themselves preferred to remain on earth. Modern balloons are much safer and, of course, much less smelly. Propane burners heat gases in a balloon above them. Modern balls use hot air, and for long-distance record flights - a mixture of helium and hot air. Helium is the second lightest element in the universe (watch what happens to a child's helium-filled balloon if you let it go).

Many will ask, why not use the lightest element - hydrogen - in a balloon? This is sometimes done, but hydrogen is very flammable and explosive. (This was the cause of the death of the German airship Hindenburg, filled with hydrogen, which ignited and instantly burned to the ground in New Jersey in 1937. You can also think of the American reusable spacecraft Challenger, which crashed due to an explosion of hydrogen fuel.)

A balloon floats on air because the gases that fill it weigh less than the air that surrounds it. But how can a ball of plastic or silk filled with air weigh less than the air around it? It's very simple: the gas expands when heated. Thus, a liter of hot air contains fewer molecules than a liter of denser cold air, which means that a hot air balloon weighs less than cold air. Thanks to this difference, the balloon flies!

The ancient Greek scientist Archimedes deduced the following law: any body immersed in a liquid or floating in air is subject to a buoyant force directed upwards and equal to the weight of the liquid or air displaced by it. If this force is greater than the weight of the body, then the body floats; if less, the body sinks.

To see this principle in action, let's try to drown a balloon of air in a bucket of water. Since the air balloon weighs less than the same volume of water, the balloon floats.

A balloon filled with helium is a great gift for any child. All kids love something unusual and beautiful, and a balloon that flies up by itself fits this description like nothing else. There is only one problem - that they are not very cheap, and you can not buy them in every store. Today we will show you how you can fill a balloon with helium at home!

How to make helium for balloons?

If you decide to conduct such an experiment with children, then try to be extremely careful, because vinegar can greatly harm a young body. For crafts, we need the following materials:

Soda, 5 tablespoons

Vinegar, 0.5 st.

Plastic bottle with a small neck.

Sometimes lemon juice is added to all the ingredients, in our case it is not.

1. Half a glass of vinegar should be poured into plastic bottle. If using lemon juice, add it at this stage.

2 . Then we need to pour 5 tablespoons of soda into a ball. We can use a watering can for this, if it is at hand.

3. Now we need to very carefully put the ball on the neck of the bottle, and do it so that the soda does not get into the vinegar. And after that, we can raise the ball so that all the soda abruptly spills into the vinegar.

A party is always great. Decorate your holiday with bright balloons that will fly. Don't worry if you don't have the money or time for helium. At home, you can easily inflate balloons with baking soda and vinegar.

For children, this will be a visual aid the simplest chemical experiment. And it doesn't take much physical effort.

By the way, scientists say that inflating air products is good for the lungs and heart, it wastes calories, which means that it also helps to lose weight.

But if we are talking not about one copy, but about ten, twenty or more balls - you must admit, pleasant entertainment will become flour ...

Read also:

Baking Soda and Vinegar

Everything is simple. At the core of magic an ordinary chemical reaction when an acid and sodium bicarbonate are combined. This releases carbon dioxide, which instead of helium helps the balloon to fly. Everything happens instantly, the result will please you in a few seconds.

We conduct an experiment

We will need:

• vinegar
• balloon
• funnel
• plastic bottle (0.5)

It is important to observe the correct proportions - the final result depends on this.

Work with gloves! Don't let up self cooking mixtures of small children - only under the supervision of adults!

1. Pour 100 ml of vinegar into a plastic bottle. We insert a funnel into the neck, pour 1 tablespoon of soda into it.
2. The reaction has just begun. At this time, we put a rubber product on the neck of the bottle. Under the influence of carbon dioxide and the release of heat, our balloon begins to swell.
3. Don't miss the moment when to remove it from the bottle and tie with thread. Try to run up - it is able to fly under the ceiling!

Here's how to inflate a balloon with slaked soda. The method is not expensive, exciting and simple. These are pluses.

However, bite and soda particles may remain inside the product (so choose a darker color or paint it with felt-tip pens). Well, you need to work with vinegar only under the supervision of adults.

These are, if you list, cons.

A buoyant (Archimedean) force acts on all bodies in the air. To find Archimedean forceacting on a body in air, it is necessary to calculate it according to the formula by multiplying the acceleration of free fall by the density of air and by the volume of the body.

F a \u003d g pV t

If this force is greater than the force of gravity acting on the body, then the body will take off. Aeronautics is based on this.

In order for a balloon to rise higher, it must be filled with a gas whose density is less than that of air. It can be hydrogen, helium or heated air.

In order to determine how much weight a balloon can lift, you need to know its lift. The lifting force of a balloon is equal to the difference between the Archimedean force and the force of gravity acting on the balloon.

F under \u003d F a - (F t of the shell + F t of gas inside + F t of cargo)

How to achieve that the force of gravity F t was less than the force of Archimedes F a?
We need to think about what kind of gas to fill the balloon!
The difference between the weight of 1m 3 of air and the weight of 1m 3 of gas is called the lifting force of 1m 3 of gas.

The lower the density of the gas filling a balloon of a given volume, the lower the force of gravity acting on it and, therefore, the greater the resulting lifting force. When air is heated from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius, its density decreases only 1.37 times. Therefore, the lifting force of balloons filled with warm air is small. The density of hydrogen is 14 times less than the density of air, and the lifting force of a balloon filled with hydrogen is more than three times greater than the lifting force of heated air of the same volume. Hydrogen, however, burns and forms a highly flammable mixture with air. Non-combustible and at the same time light gas is helium.

Air density decreases with increasing altitude. Therefore, as the balloon rises, the Archimedean force acting on it becomes smaller.

After the Archimedean force reaches a value equal to the force of gravity, the rise of the balloon will stop.
To rise even higher, it is necessary to reduce the force of gravity Ft, for this, ballast is dropped from the ball. The force of gravity decreases, and the buoyant force is again greater.
Or you can increase the Archimedes force Fa by increasing the volume of the ball. To do this, it is necessary to pump an additional portion of gas into the shell.

In order to descend to the ground, the buoyant force must be reduced. To do this, you can reduce the volume of the ball. In the upper part of the shell of the ball there is a special vent valve through which part of the gas can be released. After that, the ball will begin to fall down.

The temperature of the warm air inside the balloon can be controlled by gas burner installed under the shell. By increasing the flame of the burner, you can make the balloon rise higher and vice versa. If we choose a temperature at which the force of gravity acting on the ball with the basket is equal to the force of Archimedes,
then the ball will "hang" in the air.

Brief encyclopedia of aeronautics ..........

COUNT

In some cartoons, a pouting man floats up into the air.

What should be the volume of the human body so that with a mass of 50 kg, it could float into the air? Air density = 1.3 kg/m3.
Consider that when inflating the body weight does not increase. And if we take into account the increase in mass due to the drawn in air, will the answer change?

"AIR" TASKS

In which planet's atmosphere will a balloon filled with air rise?

1. Is it possible to use balloons on the Moon for the movement of astronauts?

2. Two balloon shells of the same weight, one made of thin rubber and the other of rubberized fabric, are filled with the same amount of hydrogen (hydrogen cannot escape from the balloons) Which balloon will rise higher?

3. Whether the scale will show the same weight when weighing the camera from soccer ball, inflated with air at atmospheric pressure(the chamber has not yet taken on a spherical shape), and the same chamber, not inflated with air?

We are often asked how many helium balloons does it take to raise a flower, a postcard or a toy? What is the lift force of helium? We will try to tell in detail the secrets of our calculations and all the formulas.

We use formulas to quickly and easily calculate the lift force of a ball. Knowing that 1m 3 of helium lifts approximately 1 kg. In other words, one standard ball 10" (in.) or 25-27cm lifts only 3-4 grams. Pearlescent balloons 12 "metallic lift up to 5 grams. Therefore, in order to lift a toy weighing 200 grams, we need 200/4 = 50 balloons. It seems like everything is simple. But, since helium constantly comes out of ordinary balloons, then over time the balloon with helium it loses part of its lifting force.And therefore, if you have been inflated with 50 balloons and your gift flies, then in a few hours it will only fly with a strong kick.And in order for you to have no complaints against us, you need to take 20% more balls.

You should also take into account the factor that indoors the balls can easily rise up, but on the street a gust of wind can simply blow it to the side. In order to lift a gift on a long rope, there must be a good supply of lifting force. And by the way, the higher you raise a cloud of balloons with a gift, the more the weight of the rope is added. Therefore, lifting a gift to a height is best done on a strong but thin fishing line.

If you wish, you can cut the tail at the ball that comes after the knot. This technique will reduce the total weight of the ball, or give it the opportunity to fly for about an hour.

When you buy a gift, it is better to weigh it immediately. There are always shops with scales nearby. This must be done at least in order to estimate how much you will spend on the balls. From our practice, there were cases when they brought a bouquet of flowers to raise to their beloved wife under the window. On the face of it, it was fairly light. But even 100 balls could not lift it. We cut almost all the leaves and shortened the legs. Only after this bouquet confidently held in the air.

If the budget allows you not to think about the number of balls, but only about the quality and result of the process, then you can go for easy way. In our shop we inflate 20 balloons and attach a gift to them - everyone can see that the design does not fly. Then we inflate another 20 balloons, and a gift (for example) with balloons flew up. But that's how the client sees it. And in my head I think that it would be possible to take and 30 balls. And here comes the most tolerant moment. We then see that the gift does not fly. Of course, he climbed up, but he has no reserve of lifting power. And if everything is left as it is, then our client will not have a holiday. Therefore, you have to carefully convince that you need to inflate another 10-15 balloons. Or gutting a bear (toy) all the extra rubbish that was sewn up inside. And at home you can quietly return it back.

It is cheaper to lift weights over one kilogram with large balloons, since the weight of one large balloon is less than the weight of a large number of small helium balloons with the same volume of helium. The lifting force of a large helium balloon is calculated using the formula. Conventionally, the volume of helium in the balloon is 4/3 pr3, and then we use the knowledge that there is approximately 1 kg of weight in 1 m3 of helium. For example, take a ball 1 m in diameter. Using the formula or someone who knows how to count using formulas, we get the volume of the ball (4/3) * 3.14 * 0.53 \u003d 0.522 m3. We will assume that a meter ball lifts 0.5 kg. From this weight it is necessary to subtract the weight of the ball itself and the weight of the ribbon or fishing line for which it is hooked, this will be the calculated weight. On the street, lift is influenced by some coefficients in the form of weather conditions - snow, rain, wind, sun or low (high) temperature. For example, standard balloons, with little precipitation, may not fly at all, because. the weight of raindrops adhering to them increases the total weight of the ball.

Any idea is possible!!! If you had the opportunity, and we have the desire ... or vice versa)